Relevant Moderators Research Articles

Problematic alcohol use, jealousy, and digital dating abuse: A dyadic analysis

Young adults engage in digital dating abuse (DDA), or threatening, monitoring, and controlling behavior towards a romantic partner through technology. Alcohol use and jealousy are well-established risk factors for in-person partner abuse but have not yet been investigated in couples in the context of DDA. Jealousy might be a relevant moderator in the digital context, potentially amplifying the negative associations between problematic alcohol use and DDA. Thus, we examine dyadic associations between young adults’ problematic alcohol use and DDA perpetration, with romantic jealousy as a moderator. Participants are young adult heterosexual couples ( N = 91 couples, M age = 21.03 years, 54.4% White, 19.2% Latino, 26.3% other). Results from actor-partner interdependence models suggest that men’s jealousy significantly moderates both the actor effect for men and the partner effect for women. In contrast, women’s jealousy significantly moderates the partner effects for both men and women. Men’s problematic alcohol use is a risk factor for their own DDA perpetration at high levels of jealousy and is a risk factor for their partner’s DDA perpetration across their own or their partner’s jealousy. Women’s problematic alcohol use is a risk factor for their partner’s DDA perpetration across levels of their jealousy. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual and relational factors in understanding DDA. The study highlights the need for dyadic interventions targeting problematic alcohol use and jealousy to prevent DDA. Future research should utilize longitudinal designs and diary studies to investigate in-the-moment processes and within-person variability.

Speaking in Private: Privacy Expectations Depend on Communication Modality

Consumers disclose personal information when they interact with connected technologies. The advent of voice technology has enabled consumers to interact with connected technologies not only through typing but also through speaking. The present research investigates whether consumers expect different levels of privacy for information they disclose via different communication modalities. The results of three studies suggest that consumers have more restrictive privacy expectations for information disclosed via speech as compared with text. The studies probe the viability of several mechanisms that may drive this effect and test practically relevant moderators. The results suggest that the effect is driven, at least in part, by increased feelings of ownership over content disclosed via speech as compared with text. Of relevance to multiple stakeholders, the article discusses implications for privacy regulation, privacy-preserving application design, targeted advertising, and the “privacy paradox.” This paper has been This paper was accepted by Catherine Tucker for the Special Issue on the Human-Algorithm Connection. Funding: This work was supported by Marketing Science Institute [4001309], NYU Stern Center for Global Economy and Business. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03954 .

How and when whistleblowing influences engagement? The role of emotional ambivalence, congruence between descriptive and injunctive norms

ABSTRACT Integrating ambivalence theory and focus theory of normative conduct, this research has explored after effect mechanism of whistleblowing on whistleblowers’ engagement. A multi-study approach was utilized to test these predictions. Study 1 (a multi-wave field study of working adults) examined the impact of whistleblowing on whistleblowers’ engagement through emotional ambivalence, as well as the moderating effect of congruence between descriptive and injunctive norms. Study 2 (a vignette experiment) further investigate the effects of whistleblowing on whistleblowers’ engagement through emotional ambivalence, aiming to strengthen causal inferences. In Study 3 (a recall experiment), we extended our model to consider a theoretically relevant moderator. Our results showed that the impact of whistleblowing on emotional ambivalence was weakened by whistleblowers’ congruence between descriptive and injunctive norms. Managers ought to give significant consideration to the detrimental impacts of whistleblowing during the post-whistleblowing stage, as well as provide guidance to members of the organization to ensure a proper understanding of social norms. Above conclusions contribute to the general knowledge of after effect mechanism of whistleblowing, providing a deeper insight into whistleblowing’s effects on whistleblowers.

Maternal prepregnancy weight as an independent risk factor for congenital heart defect: systematic review and meta-analysis stratified by subtype and severity of defect.

To assess the association between increased maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of congenital heart defect (CHD) in offspring. This systematic review and meta-analysis searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus from inception to 20 April 2023. Risk estimates were abstracted or calculated for increased BMI categories (overweight, obesity, moderate obesity and severe obesity) compared with normal weight (reference). Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to combine individual study risk estimates based on the degree of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to weight pooled estimates for relevant moderators, particularly diabetes before and during pregnancy. Subgroup analyses for specific CHD subtypes were conducted if there were at least two studies with available data. Findings were presented for groups of defects, categorized using severity and topographic-functional criteria, and for individual defects. The certainty of the evidence for each effect estimate was evaluated according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Overall, 31 studies comprising 4 861 693 patients and 86 136 CHD cases were included. The risk of CHD increased progressively from moderate to severe obesity (pooled odds ratio (OR), 1.15 (95% CI, 1.11-1.20) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.27-1.53), respectively). Sensitivity analysis indicated that this effect persisted independently of maternal diabetes status before or during pregnancy. In the subgroup analysis, obesity was associated with up to a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of severe CHD (pooled OR, 1.48 (95% CI, 1.03-2.13)). Severe obesity was associated with an even higher risk, with 1.8-times higher odds compared with the reference group for specific CHD subtypes, including tetralogy of Fallot (pooled OR, 1.72 (95% CI, 1.38-2.16)), pulmonary valve stenosis (pooled OR, 1.79 (95% CI, 1.39-2.30)) and atrial septal defect (pooled OR, 1.71 (95% CI, 1.48-1.97)). Maternal weight is a crucial modifiable risk factor for CHD, particularly for severe forms of defect. Further research is needed to investigate whether weight management before pregnancy might serve as a preventive measure against CHD. In pregnant women with obesity, fetal echocardiography should be a routine diagnostic procedure. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Interrelations Among Achievement Goals and Achievement Emotions: A Meta-Analytic Examination

Both achievement goals and achievement emotions have empirically been found to be important within educational contexts. This meta-analysis examined the interrelations among six achievement goals and fifteen achievement emotions and various moderators by analyzing 2,644 effect sizes from 355 studies with 155,208 participants. The findings revealed interrelations among achievement goals and achievement emotions that mainly corroborate theoretical assumptions. Mastery and performance goals showed associations with activity and outcome emotions. The results for work-avoidance goals confirmed the assumption that engaging in work avoidance is particularly related to negative activity emotions. Relational goals are positively linked to positive affect and enjoyment. Facets of mastery goals were identified as relevant moderators of the interrelations among achievement goals and emotions, in contrast to population. The results highlight the relevance of considering the interplay among achievement goals and achievement emotions at a specific level, as opposed to considering only the affective level, as well as differentiating between activity and outcome emotions to better understand their relationships with achievement goals.

Discriminant diagnostic validity of paediatric bipolar disorder screening tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bipolar disorders (BD) are among the most significantly impairing of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Although BD symptoms may begin in adolescence, they are frequently not diagnosed until adulthood, and accordingly BD scales could aid diagnostic assessment in paediatric populations. This review aims to synthesis the evidence for the accuracy of BD symptom index tests for discriminating BD from non-BD (other diagnoses or healthy controls) in paediatric population. Additionally, several theoretically relevant moderators of diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. A systematic search across three databases were conducted from 1980 to 2022, augmented by grey literature database searches, citation chaining and contacting authors. Data from eligible studies were synthesized using meta-analysis. A multilevel model was fitted to account for nested effect sizes, with 31 potential moderators examined in univariate and multivariate models. Twenty-Eight studies were eligible, yielding 115 effect sizes for analysis. Meta-analytic modelling indicated BD symptom index tests have a high diagnostic accuracy (g = 1.300; 95% CI: 0.982 - 1.619; p < .001) in paediatric population. Accuracy was relative to the type of comparison group, index test content, index test informant and index test's scale or subscale. Screening tests based on mania content, caregiver report and non-healthy comparison groups have clinical utility in identifying paediatric BD. Other informant-and-content combination may not accurately identify paediatric BD. Unlike healthy controls, tests derived from studies using non-healthy comparison groups, represent BD symptom non-specificity and BD symptom overlap with other disorders, providing external validity and clinical utility.

Predictors of Health Care Practitioners' Intention to Use AI-Enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Meta-Analysis Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.

Artificial intelligence-enabled clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSSs) offer potential for improving health care outcomes, but their adoption among health care practitioners remains limited. This meta-analysis identified predictors influencing health care practitioners' intention to use AI-CDSSs based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Additional predictors were examined based on existing empirical evidence. The literature search using electronic databases, forward searches, conference programs, and personal correspondence yielded 7731 results, of which 17 (0.22%) studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis, relative weight analyses, and meta-analytic moderation and mediation analyses were used to examine the relationships between relevant predictor variables and the intention to use AI-CDSSs. The meta-analysis results supported the application of the UTAUT to the context of the intention to use AI-CDSSs. The results showed that performance expectancy (r=0.66), effort expectancy (r=0.55), social influence (r=0.66), and facilitating conditions (r=0.66) were positively associated with the intention to use AI-CDSSs, in line with the predictions of the UTAUT. The meta-analysis further identified positive attitude (r=0.63), trust (r=0.73), anxiety (r=-0.41), perceived risk (r=-0.21), and innovativeness (r=0.54) as additional relevant predictors. Trust emerged as the most influential predictor overall. The results of the moderation analyses show that the relationship between social influence and use intention becomes weaker with increasing age. In addition, the relationship between effort expectancy and use intention was stronger for diagnostic AI-CDSSs than for devices that combined diagnostic and treatment recommendations. Finally, the relationship between facilitating conditions and use intention was mediated through performance and effort expectancy. This meta-analysis contributes to the understanding of the predictors of intention to use AI-CDSSs based on an extended UTAUT model. More research is needed to substantiate the identified relationships and explain the observed variations in effect sizes by identifying relevant moderating factors. The research findings bear important implications for the design and implementation of training programs for health care practitioners to ease the adoption of AI-CDSSs into their practice.

Inhibition moderates the effect of attentional bias modification for reducing residual depressive symptoms: A randomized sham-controlled clinical trial

ObjectivesResidual symptoms represent risk factor for relapse. Attention bias modification (ABM) may reduce clinical and sub-clinical depressive symptoms, indicating that is may be of relevance when preventing relapse. Current evidence suggests that executive functions may moderate the outcome of interventions targeting depressive symptoms. MethodsWe assessed inhibition and shifting as indicators of executive functioning by means of the Color-Word Interference Test (i.e., “Stroop task”). These baseline characteristics were investigated as moderator of the effect of ABM on depression symptoms in a double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial of ABM including patients with a history of recurrent depression (N = 301). Inclusion and follow-ups took place from January 2015 to October 2016. The trial was retrospectively registered #NCT02658682 January 2016. ResultsThe moderation analysis was based on the interaction term ABM x Stroop. Scaled inhibition scores ≤10.8, but not shifting ability, moderated the effect of ABM compared to sham on clinician-rated depression (HDRS). The difference from the 15th to the 85th percentile of the inhibition score was about 1 HDRS-point, indicating a small effect size. No moderation was found when self-reported depression and AB were the outcome. Post-hoc power calculation indicates risk of Type-II error. ConclusionWhen targeting depressive symptoms, ABM seems to be somewhat more effective in patients with weak inhibitory control. This suggests that evaluating the level of inhibition in individual patients could provide some information when making decisions about prescribing ABM to reduce residual symptoms, but the clinical implications of this is uncertain due to an overall small effect size attributable to ABM. Future studies should examine whether inhibitory control still is a relevant moderator when comparing ABM to treatment options other than the sham control condition.

The other side of the coin: An integrative review connecting pay and health.

The organizational sciences have long been interested in the effects of various compensation strategies, and on enhancing employee health. Research examining the connection between pay and health, however, remains a relative rarity. The work that has been done is scattered across disparate disciplines and lacks a unified framework for systematically exploring the effects of pay on health. We argue that greater insecurity at work, as well as rising discontent over wages and work conditions, necessitates a richer understanding of the ways in which organizational pay affects employee psychological, physiological, and behavioral health. We first conduct a comprehensive review of existing research across a broad range of disciplines, taking note of the different ways that pay is conceptualized and the impact it has on employee health. We identify critical knowledge gaps in why and when pay is related to health, noting several disciplinary trends. Drawing on prominent theories of occupational health, we then build a theoretical framework that illustrates three mechanisms underlying the effect of pay on health. We further advance prior work by integrating allostatic load theory to explain how pay gets "under the skin" to affect health, while also identifying relevant moderators and boundary conditions. Taken together, our review integrates findings from a variety of disciplines and facilitates knowledge building across these fields to generate a more comprehensive understanding of the connection between pay and health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A mixed-meta method on the efficacy and impact of constructivist applications on permanent learning

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the research on permanence and efficacy of constructivist applications with the mixed-meta method. Mixed-meta method involves the investigation of research based on two dimensions to collect comprehensive quantitative (meta-analysis) and qualitative (meta-thematic analysis) data with a literature review. Quantitative studies were scanned based on certain criteria in certain databases and analyzed with the CMA 2.0 software. Moderator analyzes that included the course field, instruction level, application duration, and sample size variables in the studies that investigated the impact of constructivist approach on permanence were also conducted. The analyses revealed that the effect size of the studies and the relevant moderators on permanence was high. Qualitative studies were analyzed with the Maxqda 22 software in meta-thematic analysis. The findings revealed that constructivist approach themes included “contribution to personal development”, “technological contribution of the approach to learning”, “problems experienced during the applications” and “solution suggestions”. Thus, the qualitative findings demonstrated that the constructivist approach had a positive effect on permanence. The findings also demonstrated that the constructivist approach generally had a positive effect on various instructional levels, course fields, application durations and samples, and a good impact on permanence.

Embedding moderators of customer-brand love for affecting purchase intention of customers in hypermarket brand stores

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the impact of brand love on customers’ purchase intention in the presence of store aesthetics, store price image and customers’ demographic variables as moderating variables for hypermarket brand stores. Design/methodology/approach For achieving the objectives, a survey is conducted on the sample of 515 respondents those are the customers of hypermarket brand stores. The collected sample is analysed through structural equation modelling and moderation analysis by using AMOS. Findings The findings indicate various insights in terms of the results of moderation analysis. This study explains a significant moderation of store aesthetics, customers’ age and their local region for the brand love-purchase intention relationship in the research context. Originality/value The present study examines relevant moderators for brand love-purchase intention relationship by empirical means for hypermarket brand stores that is an under-explored researched context in Indian context. It adds considerable insights for academics and managerial practices in the arena of customer-brand love and emotional affiliation.

The effects of observing punishment on consumers’ decisions to punish other companies during industry-wide crises

AbstractIndustry-wide crises, characterized by multiple companies within an industry allegedly engaging in similar misconduct, lead to disruptions in the social order. During such crises, one or a few of the involved companies often attract more media attention and receive punishment ahead of the others. Will such punishments take the heat off other involved companies or increase their risk of further punishment? This research shows that the observation of these punishments increases consumers’ intent to punish other involved companies. Observing one involved company get punished signals that the involved companies are indeed at fault, thereby increasing consumers’ certainty in blame attribution. Subsequently, consumers increase their motive to restore social order and their intent to punish other involved companies. Four theoretically and managerially relevant moderators have been identified and tested. Seven studies involving secondary data and experiments with both hypothetical and real behavioral outcomes support the proposed effects.

P-767 Preterm birth in singleton pregnancies conceived by in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review with umbrella meta-analysis

Abstract Study question What is the risk level and potential etiology of preterm birth (PTB) in singleton pregnancies from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intra-cytoplasmic injection (ICSI)? Summary answer Singleton pregnancies from IVF/ICSI have, on average, double the risk of PTB compared to natural conceptions, with a higher risk for iatrogenic than spontaneous PTB. What is known already IVF/ICSI pregnancies are associated with a higher PTB risk, with a predominant effect mediated by the effect of multiples and a poor understanding of underlying etiology, particularly in singletons. According to the European IVF Monitoring Consortium (EIM) for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), about 16% of singleton conceived through IVF/ICSI were born preterm in 2019. Considering the global a shift towards single embryo transfers (ETs), it becomes crucial to precisely determine and convey the PTB risk specific to singleton pregnancies conceived through IVF/ICSI, collecting all available evidence on supposed PTB etiology. Study design, size, duration A comprehensive search in major online databases was conducted up to December 31, 2023. Eligible studies were systematic reviews with quantitative data. The primary aim was to quantify PTB risk in singletons conceived by IVF/ICSI compared to natural pregnancies. Secondary objectives included assessing very preterm birth (VPTB) risk and exploring PTB’s etiology, phenotype, and initiation. PTB and VPTB were defined by the World Health Organization as delivery before 37 or 32 weeks, respectively. Participants/materials, setting, methods Random-effects meta-analysis models were used for pooling effect measures. Estimates were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Information available on etiology, phenotype, initiation of PTB and relevant moderators was extracted and employed for subgroup analyses. The extent of overlap in the original studies was measured using the Corrected Covered Area (CCA) assessment. The quality of the included reviews was evaluated with the AMSTAR 2 tool and quality of evidence by GRADE. Main results and the role of chance Twelve meta-analyses with a total of 16,522,917 pregnancies were included. IVF/ICSI singletons showed a significantly higher risk of PTB compared to natural conception (PTB ˂37 weeks: OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.57-1.89). The pooled risk estimate was higher for births below 32 weeks (VPTB &amp;lt;32 weeks: OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.82-2.64). Influential analysis reinforced the strength of this association. Subgroup analyses investigating supposed etiology revealed a comparable risk magnitude for spontaneous PTB (OR 1.79, 95% CI:1.56-2.04) and a greater risk for iatrogenic PTB (OR: 2.28, 95%CI: 1.72–3.02). PTB risk was consistent in the subgroup of conventional IVF (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.76-2.15) and higher in the subgroup of fresh-only ETs (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.55-2.07) compared to frozen-thawed ETs (OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.34-1.43). CCA assessment showed minimal study overlap (13%). The quality of the evidence by GRADE assessment was judged as low to very low. Limitations, reasons for caution The methodological quality of the included reviews, as rated by AMSTAR 2, was judged as low to very low. Most included studies lacked granular data on IVF/ICSI indications and on specific PTB etiology, phenotypes, or initiation. Wider implications of the findings The risk of PTB is about double in IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancies compared to naturally conceived, with paucity of available data on PTB aetiology, phenotype, or initiation. The greater risk increase involves iatrogenic PTB from fresh ET and VPTB, likely due to placental aetiology. Trial registration number PROSPERO ID: CRD42023411418

Effect of Sleep Restriction on Adolescent Cognition by Adiposity

Pediatric obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function; however, the mechanisms underlying this association demand assessment. Sleep may be a relevant moderator, as poor sleep predicts both increased adiposity and impaired cognitive function. To determine the effects of adiposity and sleep on adolescent cognitive function. This single-blind randomized crossover trial was conducted from September 2020 to October 2022. Parents or caregivers provided demographic information for adolescent participants. Body mass index percentile and bioelectrical impedance analysis assessed adiposity. Adolescents completed 2 actigraphy-confirmed sleep conditions, adequate and restricted, followed by in-person cognitive assessment. No additional follow-up was provided. Data collection for this population-based study took place in a behavioral medicine clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. A total of 323 participants were assessed for eligibility (ages 14-19 years and healthy). Of the 244 eligible adolescents, 157 declined participation. Eighty-seven were randomized and 26 dropped out postenrollment. The final sample included 61 adolescents, 31 with healthy weight and 30 with overweight or obesity. Data were analyzed from April to October 2023. Following a 2-day washout period of adequate sleep, adolescents completed 2 sleep conditions: adequate (mean [SD] duration, 8 hours, 54 minutes [58.0 minutes]) and restricted (mean [SD] duration, 4 hours, 12 minutes [50.7 minutes]). The National Institutes of Health Cognitive Toolbox assessed global and fluid cognition, cognitive flexibility, working and episodic memory, attention, and processing speed. The Stroop Task assessed inhibition. The final sample included 61 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.6] years; 35 [57.4%] female). Restricted sleep predicted poorer global cognition scores (restricted mean [SD], 98.0 [2.8]; adequate mean [SD], 103.2 [2.9]), fluid cognition scores (restricted mean [SD], 94.5 [3.2]; adequate mean [SD], 102.0 [3.6]), and cognitive flexibility scores (restricted mean [SD], 84.8 [3.0]; adequate mean [SD], 92.8 [3.0]) for adolescents with overweight or obesity. No differences emerged for adolescents with healthy weight. Adolescents with overweight or obesity also had poorer attention scores (mean [SD], 80.0 [2.3]) compared to adolescents with healthy weight (mean [SD], 88.4 [SD, 2.3]) following restricted sleep. No differences emerged following adequate sleep. Findings were similar for total body fat percentage (TBF%); however, for adolescents with TBF% above 42, restricted sleep also predicted poorer processing speed, and the association between sleep and attention did not vary based on TBF%. Adolescents with overweight or obesity may be more vulnerable to negative cognitive effects following sleep restriction. Improved sleep hygiene and duration in this group may positively impact their cognitive health. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04346433.

Does the (socio-political) socialization context matter for paternal involvement?

Previous literature on paternal involvement emphasizes the influence of fathers’ socialization contexts, considering either welfare policies (Hipp and Leuze, 2015) or experiences with their own fathers (Brown et al., 2018; Parke, 1995). In this study, we combine those two branches of research and examine how fathers’ and their fathers’ (grandfathers’) socialization experiences (parental leave regulations in their early adulthood as an example of (de-)familization policies (Lohmann and Zagel, 2016)) predict paternal involvement today. To measure paternal involvement, we create an indicator for involvement that covers Lamb et al. (1985) three aspects of direct interaction, responsibility, and availability and the fact that a father has taken paternal leave for at least one of his children or not. We use the fact that a substantial proportion of the fathers in the German, national survey AID:A 2019 (Kuger et al., 2020) were socialized in another welfare state regime (6.3% of fathers have a direct and another 13.5% have an indirect migration background (their fathers were born in another country) covering birth cohorts from the 1970s to the 1990s; total N = 1053). We then add context-related information on their (fathers’ and grandfathers’) countries of origin from the OECD family database and estimate an SEM model to test potential direct and indirect effects. We find that more educated fathers who experienced extended parental leave regulations are more involved fathers today. Our results support, thus, that welfare state conditions influence individuals’ behaviour while education is a relevant moderator in this relationship.

Psychological outcomes and culturally relevant moderators associated with events of discrimination among Asian American adults.

Incidents of discrimination against Asian Americans have increased in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study are to (a) examine the overall psychological impact of incidents of discrimination on Asian Americans adults, (b) identify whether East Asians experience worse psychological outcomes following experiences of discrimination compared to other Asian Americans, and (c) identify culturally relevant factors that moderate the relationship between incidents of discrimination and psychological outcomes. Two hundred eighty-nine participants who identified racially as Asian American (Mage = 33.1 years, ±10.5 SD, 57.1% male, and 54.3% East Asian) completed an online survey including measures of demographics, psychological outcomes, culturally relevant factors (e.g., acculturative stress, collective self-esteem), and racial discrimination. We found that, overall, experiencing increased frequency of discrimination related to more depressive symptoms and alcohol use (ps < .05). When comparing Asian subgroups (East Asian vs. other Asian), there were no significantly different relationships between discrimination frequency and attribution to race on psychological outcomes (ps > .098). Collective self-esteem (p = .041) weakened, while acculturative stress strengthened (p < .001) the relationship between discrimination frequency and alcohol use; collective self-esteem weakened the relationship between attribution to race and social anxiety (p = .021); and internalized racism weakened the relationship between discrimination frequency and depression (p = .038). We identified moderators of the relationship between experiences of discrimination and psychological outcomes in Asian Americans. Because the moderators held for all Asian groups under study, they are strong candidates for points of intervention to mitigate the harmful effects of discrimination for Asian Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Comparative Efficacy of Different Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Indices of Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling, Hospitalized or Institutionalized Older Adults Undergoing Resistance Training: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Aging-related sarcopenia exerts harmful impacts on muscle mass, strength, and physical mobility. Protein supplementation has been demonstrated to augment efficacy of resistance training (RT) in elderly. This study compared the relative effects of different protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and mobility outcomes in middle-aged and older individuals undergoing RT. A comprehensive search of online databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of protein supplement plus RT in untrained community-dwelling adults, hospitalized, or institutionalized residents who suffered acute or chronic health conditions. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using a frequentist method for all analyses. Treatment effects for main outcomes were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the surface-under-the cumulative-ranking (SUCRA) scores to rank probabilities of effect estimation among all identified treatments. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify any relevant moderator of the treatment efficacy and results were expressed as β with 95% credible interval (CrI). We finally included 78 RCTs (5272 participants) for analyses. Among the six protein sources identified in this NMA, namely whey, milk, casein, meat, soy, and peanut, whey supplement yielded the most effective treatments augmenting efficacy of RT on muscle mass (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.62; SUCRA = 0.86), handgrip strength (SMD = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.00; SUCRA = 0.85), and walking speed (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.07; SUCRA = 0.84). Participant's health condition, sex, and supplementation dose were significant factors moderating the treatment efficacy on muscle mass (β = 0.74; 95% CrI: 0.22, 1.25), handgrip strength (β = -1.72; 95% CrI: -2.68, -0.77), and leg strength (β = 0.76; 95% CrI: 0.06, 1.47), respectively. Our findings suggest whey protein yields the optimal supplements to counter sarcopenia in older individuals undergoing RT.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of test-retest reliability and stability of delay and probability discounting.

In this meta-analysis, we describe a benchmark value of delay and probability discounting reliability and stability that might be used to (a) evaluate the meaningfulness of clinically achieved changes in discounting and (b) support the role of discounting as a valid and enduring measure of intertemporal choice. We examined test-retest reliability, stability effect sizes (dz; Cohen, 1992), and relevant moderators across 30 publications comprising 39 independent samples and 262 measures of discounting, identified via a systematic review of PsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We calculated omnibus effect-size estimates and evaluated the role of proposed moderators using a robust variance estimation meta-regression method. The meta-regression output reflected modest test-retest reliability, r = .670, p < .001, 95% CI [.618, .716]. Discounting was most reliable when measured in the context of temporal constraints, in adult respondents, when using money as a medium, and when reassessed within 1 month. Testing also suggested acceptable stability via nonsignificant and small changes in effect magnitude over time, dz = 0.048, p = .31, 95% CI [-0.051, 0.146]. Clinicians and researchers seeking to measure discounting can consider the contexts when reliability is maximized for specific cases.

Effects of classroom‐based social problem‐solving training on elementary school children: Investigating the moderating role of executive function

AbstractSocial problem‐solving (SPS) skills represent an individual's ability to effectively solve daily problems. Although previous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of SPS interventions, there is still a lack of evidence on the relevant moderating factors. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of an SPS intervention on a sample of elementary school children, by focusing on the potential moderating effects of executive function. The participants included a total of 101 fifth graders (mean age of 10.6 years), who were divided into two groups for an immediate intervention (treatment) and delayed intervention (control). The following three aspects were measured pre‐ and postintervention: SPS skills, emotional regulation, and school adjustment. Preintervention, we measured two aspects of executive function using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, including working memory and inhibition. Following the intervention, the participants increasingly generated alternative solutions, which may have contributed to better adaptive functioning and solutions. However, we also observed some negative impacts on participants with lower executive functioning, including deteriorating effects on emotional regulation (problem solving) and life satisfaction. These findings emphasize the need to pay close attention to the individual profiles of the recipients to design more effective interventions.

Oppression-Based Stress and Alcohol Inequities Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: An Intersectional Multilevel Framework.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are at heightened risk for alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. This paper: (a) presents an oppression framework that integrates intersectionality, stress, stigma, and addiction-based theories to examine the complex and nuanced ways oppression-based stress (e.g., minority stress) leads to sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in alcohol use; (b) conducts a narrative review that summarizes recent and novel advancements in the literature on the impact of oppression-based stressors on alcohol use outcomes across structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal domains among SGM people; and (c) provides future research and intervention directions for the alcohol field. A select review of the literature was conducted on July 10, 2023, using multiple electronic databases (i.e., PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science) and focusing on studies that had examined the associations between oppression-based stressors and alcohol use outcomes across structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels. Search terms focused on alcohol consumption; SGM people, particularly SGM people of color; and oppression-based stress. Cross-sectional studies that focused on heterosexism-based and anti-bisexual oppression-based stressors at the interpersonal or intrapersonal levels and alcohol use outcomes were excluded as they have been included in prior reviews of the literature. The initial and combined search across the databases resulted in 3,205 articles. Of those, the narrative review included 50 peer-reviewed articles that focused on the following four areas of the literature on the associations between oppression-based stressors and alcohol use outcomes: (1) experimental, longitudinal, and experience sampling studies of heterosexism- and anti-bisexual oppression-based stressors (22 articles); (2) any studies of cissexism-based stressors (12 articles); (3) any studies of intersectional oppression among SGM people of color (seven articles, one article overlapped with the first category and another overlapped with the fourth category); and (4) any studies of structural oppression (11 articles). Results of this narrative review indicate that mounting evidence implicates oppression-based stress in inequities in alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol use disorder in SGM populations. This reflects SGM people's embodiment of oppression and injustice at the structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels. Given some inconsistent and mixed patterns of findings, future research needs greater specificity in drinking inclusion criteria, robust and well-validated measures, more attention to culturally and developmentally relevant moderating and mediating mechanisms across the lifespan, application of sophisticated methodologies, and integration of intersectional and addiction frameworks.