Relevant Legal Information Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMFOR LEGAL CASE ANALYSIS AND DECISION MAKING USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK

Over the last few decades, there have been substantial developments in a variety of domains, including computer science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, which has accelerated the evolution of intelligent systems such as decision support systems with applications in fields such as healthcare, finance, manufacturing, transportation and legal systems. Decision Support Systems (DSS) in legal systems also known as Judicial Decision Support Systems (JDSS) are designed to assist judges and other legal professionals in making legal decisions. JDSS can be used in various areas of law, such as criminal law, civil law, and family law. JDSS can be helpful in various ways, such as reducing the time and effort required to make legal decisions, increasing consistency and fairness in legal decisions, and providing judges and legal professionals with access to relevant legal information and expertise. However, JDSS also have limitations and challenges, such as the need for accurate and up-to-date legal data and the potential for bias in the data or algorithms used in the system. This research work developed a system to assist legal practitioners and it is also designed to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of the judicial process. The performance of the developed system was evaluated using some metrics and the following results were obtained: accuracy of 80%, 87% precision, 87% sensitivity/recall and an F1-score of 87%.

Legal tendencies of startup regulation in the EU

Problem setting. The development of information and communication technologies, digitalization of society, the transition of consumers to the sphere of electronic interaction with the seller of goods, services, works causes the need for legal support for the effective development of innovative sectors of the economy. At the same time, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the needs of innovative newly created business entities - startups, the legal nature and specifics of which do not have a common understanding in Ukraine and abroad. At the same time, startups are the main "consumers" of grant proposals and contribute to attracting additional investment, including foreign, in the economies of individual countries. That is why the European Union (hereinafter - the EU) in its policy in 2021 has set a course to maximize the incentive to establish startups in the EU as people already living in Member States and immigrants from third countries, because it is from the level of innovative entrepreneurship depends on the economic stability and potential of the future of the state. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Recent research and publications on the subject. Scientists such as S. Blank, J. Guzman., S. Stern., S. Glibko, K. A. Karbovska, TV Kotyai, L. Gulyaeva, L. Zhuk and others. The target of research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of legal trends in the development of startups in the EU and compliance with these trends in regulations and law enforcement practices of Ukraine. Article’s main body. Today in the EU the signing of the Declaration "Startup Nations Standard" is in the final stage. By analyzing the content of this Declaration, at an early stage of development of startups it is possible to identify the following vectors of development of legal regulation of EU countries: 1) fast state registration of the startup (as a general rule - 1 day, however, in exceptional cases related to the need for additional checks - no more than a week); 2) the cost of administrative services related to registration may not exceed 100 EUR. 3) availability of effective support services for startup founders; 4) the existence of a single web portal, which has all the relevant legal information on the registration procedure, administrative fees and funding opportunities; 5) availability of electronic support system, including from other EU countries; 6) recognition of legal documents of other EU countries as confirmation of startup registration. The same Declaration provides for cooperation with non-EU countries, which includes, on the one hand, an accelerated procedure, visa issuance for persons planning to register a startup in an EU member state, which can be achieved by having a startup partner from the state. EU, or the presence of such a founder of relevant experience in conducting innovative business, and on the other - to encourage the return to the EU of startups whose founders emigrated to other countries. In addition, it is declared to reduce the tax burden and simplify administrative procedures, in order to implement the guiding principle of supporting EU business - "Think Small First". As of March 2021, the Declaration of Startup Nations Standard has been signed by 24 EU member states and only 3 countries are refraining from signing: Hungary, Bulgaria and Croatia. Conclusions and prospects of the development. The leading trends in the development of EU legislation are to simplify the procedure and "reduce" the cost of state registration of startups, digitalization of communication between their founders and government agencies, promoting a single web portal that takes into account all relevant information necessary for registration and operation of startups. about available administrative services, their cost, term of granting, actual grant offers and means of state support, etc.). Compared to the analyzed EU member states, Ukraine generally meets the requirements of the Declaration "Startup Nations Standard" on the speed and cost of state registration of startups, as well as the publication of relevant information for founders on the list of required documents and details of services. At the same time, information support for startups needs to be improved in terms of the functioning of a single web portal with up-to-date data on the opportunities for startups to receive support and other legal information necessary for their activities.

On-line Learning For Abused Women and Service Providers In Shelters: Issues Of Representation And Design

The challenge and potential of Internet technology to deliver learning services to increasing numbers of diverse learners who may not be included in formal continuing education settings are beginning to be addressed. VIOLET (http://www.VIOLETnet.org), a web site for abused women and their service providers, is designed to provide relevant legal information, an on-line community for support and sharing of experience and information, and on-going updates of legal information and community services. The project emerged out of a unique collaboration among women in many local and national communities and organizations and the Legal Studies Program at the Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta. Together they developed a safe space on the Internet for abused women, inclusive of gender, language, cultural, and learning style issues.A technology that widens access to information may also present barriers to access. In this paper we explore some of these barriers and their implications for the design of information resources and learning environments for abused women. These issues are described using an account of the formative evaluation of the project's web site.

Assisting jurors: Promoting recall of trial information through the use of a trial‐ordered notebook

PurposeThis study examined the effects of note taking on juror recall of trial information and, specifically, investigated whether providing mock jurors with a pre‐structured Trial‐Ordered Notebook (TON) was more beneficial for subsequent recall than freestyle note taking by jurors. Previous research has demonstrated some benefits of freestyle note taking. However, drawing on theories relating to note taking developed in educational contexts, we predicted that providing jurors with a note taking aid designed to follow the trial structure would facilitate enhanced performance on a subsequent recall task.MethodCommunity‐based participants served as mock jurors in a criminal trial and were permitted to take notes during the trial, using either the structured TON or plain paper (‘freestyle’ note taking) although participants in a control condition were not permitted to take notes. After watching the trial video, all participants reached an individual verdict and responded to cued recall questions concerning details of the trial.ResultsMock jurors using the TON to take notes correctly recorded significantly more legally relevant details during the trial and reported more correct information in the post‐trial recall task than participants who took unaided notes (or those who made no notes at all). TON participants also reported more relevant legal information correctly in the recall task and evaluated their experience of note taking more positively than those in the free note taking condition.ConclusionsThe findings are discussed in relation to differences in individual experience of taking notes and the benefits that may accrue from an innovative juror aid such as the Trial‐Ordered Notebook.

Race and the Death Penalty

Scholars have learned a great deal about race and the death penalty. Yet the field has limitations: (1) prior research focuses on African Americans and Hispanics but ignores Asian Americans; (2) researchers have not explored Donald Black's (1989) plan to eliminate discrimination called the “desocialization of law.” Black notes that jurors who do not know the race of the offender and victim cannot discriminate. Black then outlines proposals aimed at removing race information from trials, while still providing jurors with relevant legal information. We address both issues through an experiment in which mock jurors (N = 1,233 students) recommended a sentence in a capital murder trial consisting of four conditions: (1) Asian American-white; (2) white-Asian American; (3) African American-white; (4) race of offender and victim unknown. The results suggest that Asian Americans are treated the same as whites, while African Americans continue to suffer from discrimination. Here, we consider the potential role of social status in such outcomes. The results also suggest that African American offenders and unknown offenders face the same odds of a death sentence. Here, we consider two potential interpretations. On one hand, jurors in the unknown condition could have seen an African American offender and a white victim in their “mind's eye,” effectively merging the conditions. On the other hand, death sentences could be the same in the conditions for distinct reasons: Death sentences could be high in the unknown condition because of relational distance between the juror and offender, while death sentences could be high in the African American-white condition because of discrimination. We conclude by considering the theoretical and public policy implications of both the central findings.

Clinical training and the duty to protect.

Given that the duty to protect is now a well established clinical and legal expectation, training in professional psychology should assist students in developing conceptual models for violence risk assessment and management. This report presents a training model incorporating recent advancements in risk assessment (such as the assessment of psychopathy), the need for basic legal understanding, and knowledge of specific risk management strategies. Additionally, academic and internship training programs in Michigan were surveyed by telephone about current training patterns. Preliminary results indicated program strengths in general awareness and training in risk factors. However, the data also suggested a need to formalize a faculty role in risk education, improve the training of students in relevant legal information, and establish coherent conceptual models of dealing with potential patient violence. It is argued that improving training of future professionals in this way will improve clinical practice, reduce legal liability, and improve public safety.

On-line Learning For Abused Women and Service Providers In Shelters: Issues Of Representation And Design

The challenge and potential of Internet technology to deliver learning services to increasing numbers of diverse learners who may not be included in formal continuing education settings are beginning to be addressed. VIOLET (http://www.VIOLETnet.org), a web site for abused women and their service providers, is designed to provide relevant legal information, an on-line community for support and sharing of experience and information, and on-going updates of legal information and community services. The project emerged out of a unique collaboration among women in many local and national communities and organizations and the Legal Studies Program at the Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta. Together they developed a safe space on the Internet for abused women, inclusive of gender, language, cultural, and learning style issues.A technology that widens access to information may also present barriers to access. In this paper we explore some of these barriers and their implications for the design of information resources and learning environments for abused women. These issues are described using an account of the formative evaluation of the project's web site.