Relevant Interest Groups Research Articles

Resource nationalism: the intersection of politics and economics

Resource nationalism has a complex economic, political, and cultural history and reality. The evolution of the supply and demand structure of the global mineral metal market influences it. It is closely linked to the “economic-political” system within resource-rich countries. We analyze the ‘economic-political’ logic of resource nationalist behavior using the two-tier game theory. We examine 261 cases of resource nationalism since 1990 and test the theoretical hypotheses using quantitative techniques. The results show that rising mineral prices are the main trigger for contemporary resource nationalism. However, ideology, institutional quality, social climate, and economic dependence within resource countries play a non-negligible role. Resource wealth dependence in host countries makes it difficult for policymakers to escape national resource interventions. We argue that (1) The global economic trading system imbalance is the root of resource nationalism. (2) Resource nationalism is an endeavor by resource-rich countries to seek entitlements from mineral resource endowments. (3) Resource nationalism is not a zero-sum competition in the national economic trading system. In the face of the potential risks posed by resource nationalism to the global supply of minerals, the relevant interest groups should have sufficient strategic reserves to cope with the possible game of interests.

Finnish experts' perceptions of digital healthcare forms in 2035 and the anticipated healthcare workforce impacts: a Delphi study

PurposeTo explore Finnish experts' perceptions of the forms of digital healthcare that are anticipated to be the most utilised in healthcare in the medium-term future (year 2035) and anticipated healthcare workforce impacts those forms will have.Design/methodology/approachA total of 17 experts representing relevant interest groups participated in a biphasic online Delphi study. The results for each round were analysed using descriptive statistical methods and inductive content analysis.FindingsThe forms of digital healthcare that the experts perceived as most likely to be utilised were those enabling patient participation, efficient organisation of services and automated data collection and analysis. The main impacts on the healthcare workforce were seen as being the redirection of workforce needs within the healthcare sector and need for new skills and new professions. The decrease in the need for a healthcare workforce was seen as less likely. The impacts were perceived as being constructed through three means: impacts within healthcare organisations, impacts on healthcare professions and impacts via patients.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are not necessarily transferable to other contexts because the experts anticipated local futures. Patients' views were also excluded from the study.Originality/valueHealthcare organisations function in complex systems where drivers, such as regional demographics, legislation and financial constraints, dictate how digital healthcare is utilised. Anticipating the workforce effects of digital healthcare utilisation has received limited attention; the study adds to this discussion.

Good Intercollegiate Athlete Representation: "All Hands on Deck"

The current landscapes of intercollegiate sports and higher education are experiencing shifts toward more democratic representation. In college sport, student-athlete representatives are more engaged in policy decisions, hold voting rights, and are included on boards and committees. Despite this shift, little is known about what good intercollegiate athlete representation entails and how multi-level, democratic governance systems may support or impede good representation in the context of college sport. This paper explores qualities of good college athlete representation (CARep) and factors contributing to and/or detracting from the process of good CARep in the context of a democratic multi-level intercollegiate sport governance system. Findings showed individual attributes of good CARep, including interpersonal skills and leadership, were based on democratic representation virtues (i.e., fairmindedness, trust building, good gatekeeping) and helped foster democratic values of civic equality, self-governance, and inclusion. The intercollegiate sport governance system supports the work of athlete representatives primarily through its educative function. More specifically, administrators were key to identifying experiential learning opportunities for athlete representatives, which contributed to the process of good representation through responsiveness, inclusiveness, and egalitarianism. Lack of administrative support and education for all relevant interest groups characterized governance system inconsistencies impeding good CARep, primarily at institutional levels where the purpose of student-athlete committees varied and/or athlete representative roles were less understood. Implications for practice and directions for future research on good athlete representation are presented.

The NRRP and the Italian energy transition. Interest groups in implementation, between structural power, insiderness and new coalitions

ABSTRACT Italian energy policy has traditionally been significantly influenced by large state-owned companies, commonly referred to as national champions, as well as by fossil fuel interests. The impact of the energy transition on this situation has been limited, as the adoption of renewables in Italy has not been accompanied by the emergence of a robust green coalition. The National Recovery and Resilience Plan provided an opportunity to address this situation. Through process tracing and interviews with key policy actors, this article examines the implementation of energy transition measures outlined in the plan during the recent administrations of Draghi and Meloni. The analysis underscores the changing role of relevant interest groups and business actors in this sector. It reveals that the structural power of national champions and the influential position of core insiders have not diminished, particularly following adjustments to the recovery plan prompted by the Russia-Ukraine war. Nonetheless, the article notes that green outsiders have, through coalition dynamics, increased their involvement in policy implementation. Additionally, it emphasizes that the unfolding energy transition is driving a reconfiguration of interests that transcends the traditional divide between fossil fuels and renewable energy.

Availability of palliative parenteral nutrition to patients with advanced cancer: A national survey of service provision.

Patients with advanced malignancy who are unable to meet their nutritional requirements orally or enterally as a result of intestinal failure may be considered for parenteral nutrition support. Current UK guidance recommends that patients with a 3-month prognosis and good performance status (i.e., Karnofsky performance status >50) should be considered for this intervention at home (termed Home Parenteral Nutrition; HPN). However, HPN is a nationally commissioned service by National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement that can only be initiated at specific NHS centres and so may not be easily accessed by patients outside of these centres. This survey aimed to identify current clinical practice across UK hospitals about how palliative parenteral nutrition is initiated. Clinical staff associated with Nutrition Support Teams at NHS Organisations within the UK were invited to complete an electronically administered survey of national clinical practice through advertisements posted on relevant professional interest groups. Sixty clinicians responded to the survey administered between September and November 2020. The majority of respondents responded positively that decisions made to initiate palliative parenteral nutrition were conducted in alignment with current national guidance in relation to decision-making and formulation of parenteral nutrition. Variation was observed in relation to the provision of advance care planning in relation to nutrition support prior to discharge, as well as the consideration of venting gastrostomy placement in patients with malignant bowel obstruction unsuitable for surgical intervention. Adherence to current national guidance in relation to the provision of palliative parenteral nutrition is variable for some aspects of care. Further work is required particularly in relation to maximising the opportunity for the provision of advance care planning prior to discharge in this patient cohort.

Universities as Intermediary Organizations: Catalyzing the Construction of an Age-Friendly City in Hong Kong.

The construction of an Age-Friendly City (AFC) requires active contribution from relevant interest groups including older adults, nonprofit organizations, and policy-makers. However, given that relevant interest groups may have limited resources, knowledge, and skills, as well as unique contextual factors, they often require help from intermediary organizations-actors that aim to build interest groups' capabilities. Our objectives were to examine the functions of universities, as an example of intermediary organizations, in facilitating the construction of an AFC, and identify critical factors that enable intermediary organizations to perform their functions. We conducted three focus groups and one individual interview with multiple interest groups including older adults and social workers from nonprofit organizations and local government involved in a 6-year citywide AFC project in Hong Kong. Participants were asked to share their views on the role of universities in relation to their own experiences and roles in the project. Data generated from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes pertinent to the functions of universities in facilitating development were identified: facilitating cross-sector collaborations, knowledge diffusion, interest-group building, and mediating divergent interests. We also found that neutrality and reputability are key characteristics for intermediary organizations to wield sufficient legitimacy to perform their functions efficiently. Findings underscore the important yet overlooked role of intermediary organizations in bridging and mediating different interest groups to facilitate AFC development. We advance gerontological scholarship by providing insights into the theoretical mechanisms and practice implications for intermediary organizations in fostering an AFC.

Making it easy for transport stakeholders to share mobility data

With the emergence of new mobility services, an increasing amount of data is being produced. However, while it is recognized that data sharing can open up new opportunities and lead to more efficient processes and new products, there is still a lot of reluctance to share data. The EU-funded MobiDataLab project works to remove these limitations and to foster the sharing of data amongst transport authorities, operators and other mobility stakeholders. According to the FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable), the MobiDataLab project provides a “transport cloud”, that is an infrastructure to build new solutions with mobility data and services. With a close contribution between a reference group, the project team and contributors of virtual and living labs, the project will identify current challenges and work with the relevant interest groups on solutions.

Regulation and financing of prenatal screening and diagnostic tests for fetal anomalies in Europe

Abstract Background Pregnant women frequently use prenatal screening and diagnostic tests to detect fetal structural and chromosomal anomalies; however, the regulation and financing of these examinations differ substantially across countries. In this paper we focus on the provision, financing and setting of the following tests in selected European countries: First Trimester Screening (FTS)/Combined Test (CT), Non-invasive Prenatal Test (NIPT), second-trimester ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies, amniocentesis/chorionic villus sampling. Methods We chose 6 European countries that differ in various criteria (e.g., health/insurance system, geographical location) to illustrate the range of possible regulations and forms of funding: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Norway, Italy. We conducted a comprehensive hand search and consulted experts from the 6 countries using a questionnaire. Results The results are based on 11 completed expert questionnaires and 22 published sources. The heterogeneity of the provision, regulation and financing of the tests concerns in particular the choice of the first-line screening test for fetal trisomies (FTS/CT, NIPT or the identification of risk factors), the implementation of the NIPT, the reimbursement of the tests, the uptake of the examinations, but also the professional groups responsible for antenatal care (midwives, gynaecologists). There are some similarities between countries, e.g., concerning the provision and financing of invasive tests and of the ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies in the second trimester. Conclusions The results highlight the significant heterogeneity between European countries regarding prenatal screening and diagnostic testing for fetal anomalies. Due to the many ethical aspects of the topic, a broad societal discourse with the relevant interest groups and stakeholders seems to be necessary. Decision-makers should pay particular attention to high-quality and non-directive counselling. Key messages

The New EU Forest Strategy for 2030—An Analysis of Major Interests

The New European Union Forest Strategy for 2030 has been controversially discussed by all relevant interest groups: member states, forest owners, forest-related industry, environmental NGOs. The analysis reveals two central conflicts characterizing the Strategy: sovereignty vs. increased Union control—the primary concern of member states and forest owners; and commodity vs. amenity—a central issue between forest-based industry and environmental NGOs. In this respect it is interesting to note that, while being competitors over influence in European forest policy, both forest-related industry and environmental NGOs share the demand for clearer definitions in the Strategy. The Commission’s position is discussed in view of the central conflicts with no unequivocal results—while in the first conflict the Commission can be assumed to, indeed, seek to obtain more power vis-à-vis the member states, with regard to the second conflict three assumptions are on the horizon: (i) the Commission tries to balance the demands of commodity and amenity- oriented interest groups; (ii) despite environmental rhetoric used, the Strategy is dominated by economic goals; (iii) the strategic vision of the Commission inclines towards environmental goals.

Return to work and cancer: Perspectives of occupational therapists.

Progress in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer has translated into more people in Australia living with and beyond cancer. Therefore, there is a larger number of people returning to work following cancer treatment while managing ongoing symptoms of cancer, and side effects of treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the facilitators and barriers for return to work for someone with cancer, from the perspective of occupational therapists. This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Participants were recruited via key contacts within the industry and relevant interest groups, and included eight occupational therapists with experience supporting someone with cancer to return to work. Data were collected in semi-structured in-depth Interviews which were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically. Two main themes were developed; expectations of the cancer experience versus reality, and vulnerability during return to work. Occupational therapists perceived that the person with cancer, employers, family members, co-workers, and society underestimate the impact of ongoing cancer symptoms on return to work. Return to work was challenging as survivors face unexpected challenges due to ongoing fatigue, cognitive difficulties, or psychological factors. Fear of relapse, concerns regarding disclosure affecting how people with cancer are perceived at work, and worries of leaving the high levels of professional support during treatment, also affected return to work. Findings from this study may contribute to occupational therapists and people with cancer setting realistic expectations for the return to work experience. Furthermore, it may provide support for occupational therapists to work more effectively with their clients to facilitate a smoother transition back to work as a cancer survivor.

Sustainable consumption models for customers: investigating the significant antecedents of green purchase behavior from the perspective of information asymmetry

With the increase in global climate change, governments, relevant interest groups, and customers have begun to focus on environmental issues. This awakening of green consciousness has resulted in the growth of the green economy. Currently, gaining the preference of green consumers is regarded as a critical determinant of the survival and success of enterprises. Therefore, various products on the market claim to provide environmental benefits in their packaging and advertising. This study investigated consumer psychology and behavior from the perspective of information asymmetry by using signal theory. Moreover, the relationships among green product information asymmetry (GPIA), excessive product packaging (EPP), green product psychological ownership (GPPO), and green purchase behavior (GPB) are examined according to signal theory and psychological ownership theory to address the current research gaps in sustainable customer consumption. A questionnaire was used to validate the research hypotheses and framework. Analysis of the research data revealed that EPP and GPPO completely mediate the relationship between GPIA and GPB. Therefore, enterprises should reduce EPP and strengthen customers’ GPPO. These steps would contribute to the promotion of GPB among customers.

Children’s unscheduled primary and emergency care in Ireland: a multimethod approach to understanding decision making, trends, outcomes and parental perspectives (CUPID): project protocol

IntroductionThe aim of this project is to determine the patterns, decision-making processes and parental preferences associated with unscheduled paediatric healthcare utilisation in Ireland. Unscheduled paediatric healthcare is outpatient care provided...

Education in Ireland: accessible without discrimination for all?

ABSTRACT While Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights articulates a comprehensive right to education, truly accessible education remains elusive in many countries. This article considers the accessibility of education in Ireland in law, policy and practice, drawing on semi-structured interviews with politicians, educators, and representatives of various relevant interest groups. The Irish education system, once described as a ‘Church-State co-operative’, has historically been controlled by the Catholic Church, but in recent times has been obliged to adapt in order to cater for an increasingly ethnically and culturally diverse school population. The article concludes that a variety of exclusionary practices have facilitated the establishment of a de facto two-tiered education system in Ireland, with marginalised groups such as asylum-seekers; religious minorities; and the indigenous Traveller community particularly disadvantaged. A recent process of legislative reform addresses some key issues, such as admission policies, which distinguish prospective students on the basis of religion, past pupil parents, and when their name was placed on the enrolment list. However, it remains to be seen whether these reforms will significantly enhance access in practice.

Clinical care for obesity: A preliminary survey of sixty-eight countries.

Obesity is a chronic relapsing condition affecting a rapidly increasing number of people worldwide. The United Nations has stated that universal health coverage is an essential element of the globally-agreed sustainable development goals. This article provides a preliminary report of a survey of relevant health professionals and other interest groups on the readiness of health systems to provide obesity treatment services. Interviews and questionnaires were completed by 274 respondents from a total of 68 low, middle and high income countries. Respondents in the majority of countries stated that there were professional guidelines for obesity treatment, but that there was a lack of adequate services, especially in lower income countries, and in rural areas of most countries. Lack of treatment was attributed to a broad range of issues including: no clear care pathways from primary care to secondary services; absent or limited secondary services in some regions; lack of trained multi-disciplinary support professionals; potentially high costs to patients; long waiting times for surgery; and stigma experienced by patients within the health care services. Defining obesity as a disease may help to overcome stigma and may also help to secure better funding streams for treatment services. However, the survey found that few countries were ready to accept this definition. Furthermore, until countries fully adopt and implement obesity prevention policies the need for treatment will continue to rise while the necessary conditions for treatment will remain inadequate.

The evaluation model of reconstruction effect of ancient villages under the influence of epidemic situation based on big data

In rural construction, affected by covid-19, it leads to the collection and demand survey of basic information data of relevant interest groups. The specific situation of the transformation of ancient villages is also gradually increasing. However, due to the complexity of rural space, the dispersion of settlement space and the diversity of information demand of rural planning work, the data coverage is large, information acquisition is difficult, the use effect of data collection is not ideal, and there is no planning feedback mechanism. However, during the epidemic period, the staff could not carry out a series of reconstruction of ancient villages. At present, the data of village planning and construction and architectural design are complex, the needs of relevant interest groups are diversified, and regional planning is difficult. In this paper, the big data function is applied to the reconstruction of ancient villages in the epidemic period of covid-19.

Conservationists’ moral obligations toward wildlife: Values and identity promote conservation conflict

Recent debate among scholars reveals potential rifts in the conservation community concerning the moral bases of conservation, and the nature of humanity’s obligations to nature. We reasoned that conflict within the conservation community could stem both from divergent values and identification with relevant interest groups. We used secondary data from three recent studies that quantify wildlife value orientations, belief in the intrinsic value of wildlife, and perceived moral obligations to wildlife among US residents and self-identified conservationists. Results indicate the vast majority (>75%) of conservationists both endorse the idea that wildlife possess intrinsic value, and that humans have an obligation to treat wild animals with concern for their welfare – ideas that are consistent with, though not unique to, compassionate conservation. Further, we found that both mutualism value orientations and identification with other interest groups relevant to conservation (e.g., animal rights, hunting) were moderately correlated with beliefs about an individuals’ obligations toward wildlife—providing evidence that both values and identity are sources of social conflict within the conservation community. Identity could provide a mechanism linking individual-level, cognitive processes with group-level processes (e.g. immergence) that promote both within-group conformity and between-group conflict, but more research is needed to unravel causality.

Integrating ABCD and DarwinCore: Toward a better foundation for biodiversity information standards

For the last 15 years, Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) has recognized two competing standards for organism occurrence data, ABCD (Access to Biological Collections Data; Holetschek et al. 2012) and DarwinCore (Wieczorek et al. 2012). These two representations emerged from contrasting strategies for mobilizing information about organism occurrences (also commonly called species occurrence data). ABCD was capable of representing details of more kinds of information, but was necessarily more complicated. DarwinCore, on the other hand, was simpler but more limited in its ability to represent data of different kinds and formats. TDWG endorsed both standards because the different projects and communities that generated them remained dedicated to their different strategies and tool sets, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) developed the ability to integrate data published in either standard. Since their inceptions, DarwinCore and ABCD have become more similar. DarwinCore has gotten more complicated through the addition of terms and has begun to assign terms to classes. ABCD is now expressed in RDF (Resource Description Framework), potentially enabling re-use of terms with alternative structures among classes. At the same time, methodologies for conceptual modeling and representing complex scientific data have continued to evolve. In particular, a suite of modeling and data representation methods related to linked data and the semantic web, i.e., RDF, SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System), and OWL (web Ontology Language), promise to make it easier for us to reconcile shared concepts among different representations or schemas. A mapping between ABCD 2.1 and DarwinCore has existed since before 2005.*1 ABCD 3.0 and DarwinCore are both now represented in RDF. In addition, the BioCollections Ontology (BCO) covers many of the shared concepts and is derived from the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), an upper level ontology that has oriented many other biomedical ontologies. Reconciling ABCD and DarwinCore through alignment with BCO (in the OBO Foundry; Smith et al. 2007) would better connect TDWG standards to other domains in biology. We appreciate that many working scientists and data managers perceive ontologies as overly complicated. To mitigate the steep learning curve associated with ontologies, we expect to create simpler application profiles or schemas to guide and serve narrower communities of practice within the wider biodiversity domain. We also plan to integrate the current work of the Taxonomic Names and Concepts Interest Group and thereby eliminate the redundancy between DarwinCore and Taxonomic Concepts Transfer Schema (TCS; Kennedy et al. 2006). At the time of this writing, we have only agreements from the authors (i.e., conveners of relevant TDWG Interest Groups and other key stakeholders) to collaborate in pursuit of these common goals. In this presentation we will give a more detailed description of our objectives and products, the methods we are using to achieve them, and our progress to date.

Cardiovascular, antidepressant and immunosuppressive drug use in relation to risk of cutaneous melanoma: a protocol for a prospective case–control study

IntroductionThe incidence of cutaneous melanoma (hereafter melanoma) has increased dramatically among fair-skinned populations worldwide. In Norway, melanoma is the most rapidly growing type of cancer, with a 47% increase among...

Resources to Inspire and Inform Global Engagement

Resources to Inspire and Inform Global Engagement Beth E. Clausen (bio) When "Global Perspectives" launched in July 2015, the intent was to emphasize the increasing internationalization of higher education and the essential role of libraries in global engagement initiatives. Through reading about such activities, practitioners could learn from other librarians' experiences as they explored roles and responsibilities that made sense for them and their context. The timing was right because many colleges and universities in the United States were strengthening their global reach and interaction and developing worldwide partnerships with implications for the local campus. The number of international undergraduate and graduate students in the United States was substantial, and educational institutions invested in and expanded support of those students to ensure their success. Many of these institutional strategic initiatives involved the library, which stood ready to serve as a robust campus partner. "Global Perspectives" is just one place to read about international possibilities. Several books published since 2015 deal with the global reach and services of college and university libraries. A selection of volumes is described here, chosen for their relevance to academic libraries and librarianship as well as their scope, currency, fresh perspective, broad interest, and wide applicability. As worthwhile as reading about worldwide initiatives is, connecting with people engaged in such activities is even more valuable. Building relationships and interacting with colleagues complement and supplement reading. Therefore, following the reviews of selected books, this article offers a description of relevant discussion and interest groups to explore, all sponsored by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). Read about It: Select Recent Books ________ Planning Academic Library Orientations: Case Studies from around the World, ed. Kylie Bailin, Benjamin Jahre, and Sarah Morris. Chandos Information Professional Series. [End Page 375] Cambridge, MA: Elsevier, 2018. 380 pages. $106.00 paperback (ISBN 978-0-08-102171-2); $79.95 e-book (ISBN 978-0-08-102173-6) Academic library orientations can be exciting, vexing, useful (or not), and successful (or not). Whatever form they take, they have become almost universal because they form a cornerstone of other library programming and services to support students in their transition to, and success in, college. Planning Academic Library Orientations is a thorough account of current programs in academic institutions intended to introduce students to the library. The book is divided into 34 chapters, each describing a different library's approach. The various methods are not presented as right or wrong but instead as a product of local need and the resources of the institution and its constituencies. Most chapters are coauthored, which reflects one of the takeaways from the book: successful orientations, whatever their form, are collaborative and require partnerships and cooperation from both within the library and without. Most of the examples, not just those in the section "Partnerships," describe joint efforts. The other segments are "Games"; "Marketing & Promotion"; "Targeting Specific Audiences"; "Technology"; and "Tours." Each chapter helpfully includes background information about the institution described so readers can easily identify the colleges or universities that most closely align with their own. While subheadings may vary, most chapters provide background about the institution, its students, its past orientation programming, planning, and what it might do differently in the future. The global dimension is provided by including programs in such countries as Australia, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates. This international scope is widened by chapters that highlight U.S.-based libraries providing orientations to specific populations, including students from other countries. Chapter 22, "Introducing New International Students to Privilege in Information Access," describes one such program. It recounts how librarians at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, creatively filled a campus gap to assist in the success of students from other countries. To graduate, every student at DePauw must take a course that centers on privilege, power, and diversity. The university realized that learners without a grounding in American history and culture would find it difficult to participate fully in the course. In answer, the campus revamped part of its two-week Summer English Immersion Institute, which about half of new international enrollees attend. The librarians developed new activities based on the frame "Information Has Value" from the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for...

Social Network Analysis in the Legislative Process in the Korean Medical Device Industry.

This study analyzes the legislation process of the Korean government regarding the development of the medical device industry in the perspective of the issue network. It also aims to identify the difference in network structure between conservative and progressive governments and analyze major issues and stakeholders. It examines the network structure in the legislation process of the government to develop and support the medical device industry through social network analysis (SNA). This study conducted a policy network structure analysis of the conservative and progressive governments. SNA was used for the structure analysis, using the contents of newspaper articles as the baseline data related to the medical device industry. We analyze using the 2-mode network analysis that the node centrality is determined by eigenvector centrality. The more nodes with great power (stakeholders, information, resources) it is linked to, the greater power centrality (eigenvector centrality) it will have, which indicates that it has great influence within the network. The conservative government discussed the promotion of the medical device industry led by government departments, focusing on its potential as a future growth engine. On the contrary, the progressive government tended to have fewer stakeholders and issues around the idea, shifting the stakeholders that lead the promotion of the industry from government departments to relevant interest groups, and focusing more on policy issues like transparency than on economic issues. We identify implications to legislate the relevant act by analyzing the relevant stakeholders and issues around legislation, while reinforcing the competitiveness of Korea’s medical device industry in the larger global framework. We believe that this study would comprehensively addresses the pros and cons of the government-led promotion of the medical device industry in Korea, as well as the key issues for stakeholders, which can be applicable to many other societies.