Relevant Anthropometric Parameters Research Articles

Comparing Ultrasound and MRI Evaluations of the Hamstring Tendon for Predicting Autograft Size in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Adequate graft size and length are crucial factors in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Accurate identification of patients who may be at risk for an insufficient length or size of the hamstring tendon (HT) can aid surgeons in preoperative planning. To evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound could more accurately predict the size of the semitendinosus tendon (ST) and gracilis tendon (GT) and to investigate the correlation between anthropometry, graft size, and imaging measurements to find a predictive formula. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Included in the study were 36 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with HT autograft at our institution between July 2021 and May 2022. Anthropometric data and MRI and ultrasound measurements were collected preoperatively. The length and diameter of the HT were recorded intraoperatively. Correlations between anthropometry, graft size, and imaging measurements were analyzed. Linear regression analysis was performed to construct a prediction formula. The intraoperative graft diameters of the ST and GT were weakly to moderately associated with their cross-sectional areas as measured by MRI and ultrasound. MRI and ultrasound interpreted 11.9% to 15.7% and 18.4% to 41.7% of the variation in the graft diameter of the HT, with an accuracy of 50.0% to 55.6% and 69.4% to 86.1%, respectively. The intraoperative lengths of the ST and GT were both associated with patient height and tendon lengths as measured by ultrasound. Additionally, intraoperative GT length was associated with patient weight. Four formulas combining relevant anthropometric parameters and imaging measurements were calculated from multilinear regression analysis, explaining up to 46.3% of the variance in the size of HT. Ultrasound and MRI alone showed limited ability to predict the graft diameter of the ST and GT, while ultrasound could more accurately predict the graft size than MRI. Among the different anthropometric variables, height was the most influential in predicting tendon length.

Utility of Screening Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin to Circumvent the Need for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes.

IntroductionOur aim is to propose an evidence-based strategy for screening postpartum dysglycemia.MethodsThis study included adult non-pregnant women who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) using International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria during their index pregnancy (2012–2019). Eligible participants underwent a concurrent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test. A detailed questionnaire documenting relevant personal and medical history was filled, and the relevant anthropometric parameters were recorded.ResultsWe evaluated data from 377 women at a mean (± SD) age of 32.1 ± 4.6 years and at a median duration of 15 (10–33) months following childbirth. Diabetes was diagnosed in 42 (11.1%) women. Use of a combination cutoff [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.0% (42 mmol/mol)] avoided OGTT in 80.9% of the study cohort, without missing the diagnosis of diabetes in any study subject. The diagnosis was missed in 2.4% of women with diabetes (and 0.3% of whole cohort) using only the FPG criterion (≥ 5.6 mmol/L) or HbA1c criterion [HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (39 mmol/mol)] alone. These tests avoided the need for an OGTT in 75.3% and 65.5% of women, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed strategies are likely to be both patient- and physician-friendly and have the potential to address several barriers for postpartum screening among women with prior GDM.

Biochemical Assessment of Bone Health in Working Obese Egyptian Females with Metabolic Syndrome; the Effect of Weight Loss by Natural Dietary Therapies.

AIM:To investigate the relation between bone parameters and the metabolic syndrome criteria, before and after the administration of two different natural dietary supplements in middle aged working obese Egyptian women suffering from metabolic syndrome (MetS).SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Fifty eight middle aged obese female volunteers suffering from metabolic syndrome were divided into two groups. During the first period, group (A) consumed a low caloric diet and nutritional supplement consisting of doum flour biscuits, while group (B) consumed whole meal wheat flour biscuit with the same instructions. During the second period, both supplements were omitted. Assessment of blood pressure, relevant anthropometric parameters, lipid accumulation product, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25 (OH) D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were performed.RESULTS:Data showed that although both supplements improved the MetS criteria and the bone health parameters, the supplement containing the doum flour proved to be more effective.CONCLUSION:These results confirm the benefit of doum in improving bone health parameter [25 (OH) D/PTH axis] in the MetS patients, beside the MetS criteria. So, we can conclude that natural effective supplements lead towards the optimization of biochemical parameters in favor of a healthy outcome.

Anthropometric models of bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density based on the bone mineral density in childhood study.

New models describing anthropometrically adjusted normal values of bone mineral density and content in children have been created for the various measurement sites. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters. Previous descriptions of children's bone mineral measurements by age have focused on segmenting diverse populations by race and sex without adjusting for anthropometric variables or have included the effects of a single anthropometric variable. We applied multivariate semi-metric smoothing to the various pediatric bone-measurement sites using data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study to evaluate which of sex, race, age, height, weight, percent body fat, and sexual maturity explain variations in the population's bone mineral values. By balancing high adjusted R(2) values with clinical needs, two models are examined. At the spine, whole body, whole body sub head, total hip, hip neck, and forearm sites, models were created using sex, race, age, height, and weight as well as an additional set of models containing these anthropometric variables and percent body fat. For bone mineral density, weight is more important than percent body fat, which is more important than height. For bone mineral content, the order varied by site with body fat being the weakest component. Including more anthropometrics in the model reduces the overlap of the critical groups, identified as those individuals with a Z-score below -2, from the standard sex, race, and age model. If body fat is not available, the simpler model including height and weight should be used. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters.

Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and the inflammation markers C-reactive protein and ferritin

Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have above-average risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Inflammation plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. High levels of the acute phase reactants C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin have been reported to correlate with various components of MS. The serum CRP, ferritin, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations of 598 obese or overweight patients were determined, together with relevant anthropometric parameters. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the HOMA method. MS was diagnosed using the ATP III criteria. CRP levels were higher among patients with central obesity than in those without (5.8 vs 3.9 mg/l; P=0.003), and higher among those with fasting plasma glucose concentrations >or=110 mg/dl than in those with lower concentrations (7.4 vs 4.1 mg/l; P=0.01). Serum ferritin levels were higher among patients with triglyceride concentrations >or=150 mg/dl than in those with lower levels (76.8 vs 40.1 ng/ml; P<0.001), and higher among those with fasting plasma glucose concentrations >or=110 mg/dl than in those with lower concentrations (75.7 vs 41.7 ng/ml; P=0.005). The number of MS criteria that were satisfied increased with CRP and ferritin levels. Patients with insulin resistance also had higher CRP and ferritin levels than those without, 7.3 vs 4.3 mg/l for CRP (P=0.032) and 124.5 vs 80.1 ng/ml for ferritin (P<0.001). MS and insulin resistance are associated with elevated serum CRP and ferritin. Evaluation of subclinical chronic inflammation in patients with MS and/or insulin resistance by determination of these markers might aid in their evaluation as candidates for aggressive intervention against cardiovascular risk factors.

Generalized low areal and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) may be associated with generalized low bone mineral status. The bone mineral density (BMD) of 75 girls of 12-14 years of age and diagnosed as having AIS were compared with 94 age-matched female control subjects. Areal BMD (aBMD) of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and the bilateral proximal femur were measured using-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and volumetric BMD (vBMD) of the nondominant distal radius and bilateral distal tibias was measured with peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT). Relevant anthropometric parameters and the severity of the spinal deformity (Cobb's angle) also were evaluated and correlated with the BMD measurements. Results revealed the presence of a generalized lower bone mineral status in AIS patients. Detailed analysis showed that the aBMD and vBMD measured at the bilateral lower extremities were significantly lower in AIS patients when compared with the same in the normal controls. The most significant effect was seen in the trabecular BMD (tBMD) of the distal tibias. Of all the AIS girls, 38% of the aBMD and 36% of the vBMD were below -1 SD of the normal. BMD was found to correlate better with "years since menarche" (YSM) than with chronological age. When the BMD was evaluated for the 3 YSM groups, aBMD of the proximal femur and tBMD of distal tibias were found to be significantly lower in the AIS patients. Neither the aBMD nor the vBMD of AIS patients was found to be associated with the severity of spinal deformity. In addition, anthropometric measurements showed significantly longer arm span and lower extremities in the AIS girls. We concluded that the AIS girls had generalized lower aBMDs and vBMDs.

Determination of the normal horizontal working area: a new model and method

A new model was developed for the determination of the normal horizontal working area by extending Squires' concept. The elbow not only moves freely straight ahead, but also to the right and left of the operator in describing the working area. The parametric equations developed in this research enabled us to determine working area curves which lie on both sides of the body median. Experimental results showed that the relevant anthropometric parameters were poorly correlated. A new method was developed to determine correctly the normal horizontal working area curves for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of male and female populations. When compared to the corresponding curve generated by the new method, Squires' curve for the 10th percentile male considerably overestimated the normal horizontal working area to the right of the body median and underestimated it to the left.

A biomechanical model to determine lumbosacral loads during single stance phase in normal gait

A dynamic biomechanical model to determine loads (joint forces) attained at the lumbosacral joint-centre during the stance phase of normal level walking was developed. The biomechanical model was based on rigid free body-segments; namely, the foot, shank, thigh, pelvis and head, arms and trunk (HAT) segments. In this biomechanical model, the forces and moments acting on the lumbar spine are derived from body-segment mass and movements of the trunk. These external forces and their moments must be equilibrated by internal forces, that is, contributions from the erector spinae or rectus abdominus muscle group, and abdominal pressures from within the trunk together with spine forces. Three-dimensional co-ordinate and ground-reaction force data were captured from five healthy young male subjects performing normal level walking in the motion analysis laboratory of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore. These data were captured using the VICON motion analysis system. Both of these data sets were pre-processed, and together with relevant anthropometric parameters and physical measurements of the subject, were passed into the biomechanical model to compute the resultant loads at the lumbosacral joint-centre. The results of this study showed that the peak resultant loads at the lmbosacral joint-centre were between 1.45 and 2.07 times body-weight.