Motivational Relevance Research Articles

A behavioral signature for quantifying the social value of interpersonal relationships with specific others

The idea that individuals ascribe value to social phenomena, broadly construed, is well-established. Despite the ubiquity of this concept, defining social value in the context of interpersonal relationships remains elusive. This is notable because while prominent theories of human social behavior acknowledge the role of value-based processes, they mostly emphasize the value of individual actions an agent may choose to take in a given environment. Comparatively little is known about how humans value their interpersonal relationships. To address this, we devised a method for engineering a behavioral signature of social value in several independent samples (total N = 1111). Incorporating the concept of opportunity cost from economics and data-driven quantitative methods, we derived this signature by sourcing and weighting a range of social behaviors based on how likely individuals are to prioritize them in the face of limited resources. We examined how strongly the signature was expressed in self-reported social behaviors with specific relationship partners (a parent, close friend, and acquaintance). Social value scores track with other aspects of these relationships (e.g., relationship quality, aversion to losing relationship partners), are predictive of decision preferences on a range of tasks, and display good psychometric properties. These results provide greater mechanistic specificity in delineating human value-based behavior in social contexts and help parse the motivational relevance of the different facets that comprise interpersonal relationships.

Private infrastructure in geopolitical conflicts: the case of Starlink and the war in Ukraine

Privately owned infrastructures play a central role in the unfolding of geopolitical conflicts. While academic contributions generally support this argument, businesses are mostly treated as enablers or spoilers of state action rather than actors in their own right. This article develops a theoretical framework around the relationship of state and transnational corporations in times of intense global competition, combining it with a political–economic perspective on how private ownership of transnational infrastructures shifts this relationship. It argues that private businesses develop and operate infrastructures for profit-seeking purposes, but that this logic can be amended by preferences for political outcomes. The article undertakes an analysis of the role of Starlink, the world’s largest satellite constellation owned by US-based company SpaceX, in the events following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It reconstructs SpaceX’s initial decision to enable Starlink in Ukraine and its ensuing strategic readjustment that limited Ukraine’s abilities to retake Russian-occupied areas. The findings support the relevance of both profit-seeking and political motives for explaining businesses’ decision-making, with substantial implications for contemporary state–business relations. SpaceX viewed the war in Ukraine as an opportunity to secure capital and contracts, largely from the United States; at the same time, it sought to appease other states on which it depends, most centrally China. The findings furthermore demonstrate that states will seek to reestablish independence from private infrastructure where other forms of hedging fail. While China and the European Union opted to build their own satellite constellations, the United States relied on its economic pull to ensure SpaceX’s cooperation.

Recreational fishing in the lower basin of the Santa Cruz river(Patagonia, Argentina) in the face of damming scenarios

The Steelhead ecotype (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have promoted a recreational fishery in the Santa Cruz river, the last large free flowing river of Patagonia. However, two dams are being built upstream in the middle course, potentially affecting the life cycle of these anadromous salmonids. The study describes the dynamics of the recreational fishing of the Santa Cruz river around Piedrabuena city and anglers perceptions, discussing its trends according to possible river connectivity scenarios. The fishery was assessed through a monthly year-round field sampling from April 2018 to April 2019, developing instantaneous angler counts, discriminating fishing methods, effort, and catch per unit effort; also, in situ interviews were used to collect information on anglers’ motivations and perceptions. In addition, information on fishing tournaments was used. Three fishing zones (FZ) were identified near Piedrabuena city: FZ-1, located downstream where anglers used baited hook and line to catch the native marine Patagonian blenny (Eleginops maclovinus); FZ-2, located in the town where baited hook and line, spinning, and fly-cast are used to catch Patagonian blenny and salmonids; FZ-3 located upstream the town, where fishing effort was mainly directed to salmonids employing spinning and fly-cast. Fishing effort showed a seasonal pa�ern with high values from March to May and September to October, agreeing with Steelhead and Chinook salmon runs, respectively. The most relevant motivations for anglers were nonoriented catch variables. Anglers preferred the capture of salmonids over native species, considering dams to be a major threat to fishery. Although a postdamming scenario could allow the adult salmonids to migrate upstream, the current reproduction grounds of Steelhead will be flooded, and juveniles and adults of both species will be hindered in their downstream migration to sea. These aspects seem to seriously compromise the future of these unique fisheries.

Relevance acquisition through motivational incentives: Modeling the time-course of associative learning and the role of visual features

Abstract Motivational relevance associated with symbolic stimuli impacts both neural and behavioral responses, similar to visual stimuli with inherent emotional valence. However, the specific effects of associated relevance on early sensory stages and lexico-semantic processing of these stimuli remain unclear, particularly considering the role of low-level visual features in relevance acquisition. To address these issues, we employed an associative learning paradigm in which we manipulated visual features, but not the stimuli themselves. The study (N = 48) included a learning phase, where pseudowords were associated with either gain, loss, or neutral outcomes. This was followed by a test phase the next day, involving an old/new decision task, in which stimuli were presented in either the same or a different font. During both phases, pupil responses and event-related brain potentials (P1, Early Posterior Negativity (EPN), Late Positive Complex (LPC), P3) were measured. Stronger pupil responses and increased neural activation in early visual encoding (P1) and lexico-semantic processing (EPN) were observed during relevance acquisition, particularly for loss associations. After relevance acquisition, the most substantial effect on modulating lexico-semantic processing was observed for gain associations, as evidenced by both behavioral responses and neural activity. During the test phase, exposure to incongruent visual features of the stimuli influenced the same processes that were observed during relevance acquisition. Notably, these effects of visual feature congruence were independent of those of associated motivational relevance. These results highlight the dynamic nature of motivational relevance effects, revealing differential effects observed during acquisition and the test phase, as well as between earlier perceptual processing and later neural and behavioral responses.

Different self-damaging behaviours, similar motives? Testing measurement invariance of motives for nonsuicidal self-injury, disordered eating and substance misuse.

Theory and research suggest that distinct self-damaging behaviours (SDBs; e.g., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI], restrictive eating, binge eating, drug misuse, alcohol misuse) share similar motives. However, few studies have used a common self-report inventory to investigate the shared relevance and relative salience of motives for SDBs. Accordingly, the present study: (1) examined whether self-report scales assessing intrapersonal motives (i.e., relieving negative emotions, enhancing positive emotions, punishing oneself) and interpersonal motives (i.e., bonding with others, conforming with others, communicating distress, communicating strength, reducing demands) have invariant factor structures across SDBs; and (2) compared the salience of these motives across SDBs. 1018 adults (54.6% men, Mage = 35.41 years) with a history of SDBs were allocated to the following groups: NSSI (n = 213), restrictive eating (n = 200), binge eating (n = 200), drug misuse (n = 200) or alcohol misuse (n = 205). Participants reported on their motives for engaging in their allocated SDB. Measurement invariance analyses compared the factor structures and latent means of the motive scales across SDBs. The motive scales had comparable factor structures across SDBs. Intrapersonal motives were most strongly endorsed for NSSI and drug misuse. Interpersonal motives were most strongly endorsed for drug and alcohol misuse. All motives were least salient to restrictive eating. Results suggest that common motives underlie distinct SDBs and that they can be adequately assessed using a single self-report inventory. However, certain motives are more relevant to some SDBs than others, with restrictive eating being the most motivationally distinct SDB. This knowledge can inform transdiagnostic models and interventions for SDBs.

Students’ motivation for learning languages inself-determination

The article concentrates on the relationship between self-determined motivation and language learning. It focuses on different types of motivation such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and how they affect students' engagement and performance in language learning. The study was researched through a Google form survey consisting of 10 questions. The study examines a model of self-determination theory that emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the development of motivation. In addition, the article discusses the relevance of understanding integrative and instrumental motivation in the context of language learning. The article also highlights the importance of self-determined motivation in developing autonomous language learning and increasing students' readiness for language learning. The research is based on the model of self-determination theory, which emphasizes autonomy, competence and interconnectedness as key elements contributing to motivation. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding integrative and instrumental motivation in language learning. It also highlights the key role of self-motivation in language learning and increasing students' readiness to master the language.

Meaning making and fostering radical hope: applying positive psychology to eco-anxiety research in youth

The consequences of human activity on climate change are increasingly apparent. For example, they are causing ecological degradation and affecting human and animal health. Rightly so, it is considered as the most important challenge of this century. Researchers in psychology and mental health developed an interest in the direct and indirect effects of climate and ecological change on people's psychological wellbeing, which is referred to as a concept described as eco-anxiety or eco-distress. It is worth emphasizing that climate issues are taking a larger place in the school curriculum for youth in elementary, middle and high schools. Youth are thus increasingly aware of the major threat and understandably report legitimate concerns and worries. For some youth, eco-anxiety leads to greater involvement and activism, as can be seen by the international movement set out and led by youth activist Greta Thunberg. However, eco-anxiety can also lead to feelings of hopelessness and disengagement. Despite contributing the least to the climate and ecological crises, youth will be most affected by the impacts, and will carry the burden of the climate crisis throughout their lives. Researchers, educators and mental health professionals must therefore find ways to foster youth psychosocial wellbeing and resilience alongside ensuring that their voices are heard. To this end, it is vital that young people feel able to openly discuss climate change and associated issues alongside the distressing thoughts and feelings they engender. This can be supported by using various psychological approaches to develop effective interventions. Researchers and clinicians in child mental health could gain from drawing from research in positive psychology to develop such interventions. In this review and commentary, we will outline how eco-anxiety and child psychological wellbeing can be framed within a positive psychology framework, including the relevance of self-determined motivation. Insights from interventions based on positive psychology including exercises to foster hope, forgiveness and meaning making will also be discussed. We will highlight how such interventions can be adapted as powerful tools to foster child wellbeing and cope with their eco-anxiety.

The Art of Motivation: A School Administrators Booster for Success ?

The word motivation is a key word in the field of education especially in the domain of school administration. Motivation is a big leverage in all domain. Educational administrators motivate to lead and achieve educational objectives. This paper shall bring out information to prove that motivation boosts school leaders desire to achieve educational goals. The methodology used is analyzing secondary data from text books. The paper brings out the relevance of motivation explaining the various motivation strategies school administrators can exploit for a successful school. Typical of the relevance of motivation is making people excited about achieving the goals of the institution ( Molindo, 1998). As concerns strategies school administrators can use to make staff excited to work better; praise, treating subordinates with concern and involving them in decision making stood visible.

Application of the food-energy-water nexus to six seafood supply chains: hearing from wild and farmed seafood supply chain actors in the United States, Norway, and Vietnam

IntroductionThe food-energy-water (FEW) nexus highlights the interdependencies between the systems that people rely on for these essential resources. For example, globally, over two thirds of freshwater withdrawals are used to produce food, and another 10% is used during energy generation. In addition, the food system uses one eighth of global net energy. Seafood is a nutritionally important food, and it is critical to use freshwater and energy resources efficiently throughout seafood supply chains to safeguard future supplies and to reduce environmental impacts. Diverse seafood production methods result in highly variable resource use across supply chains, which may contribute to siloed efforts within supply chains to improve efficiency, instead of larger efforts that involve multiple seafood supply chains. Additionally, efforts to develop and implement efficiency strategies must be informed by fishers, aquaculturists, processors, and other seafood supply chain actors to avoid investing time and resources into strategies that will have low uptake. A significant proportion of seafood is imported into the U.S., so engaging with industry and stakeholders in the U.S. and abroad is critical for understanding and improving the FEW nexus associated with seafood consumed by Americans.MethodsTo understand how resources are being used, current and potential strategies to improve resource use, and relevant motivations and barriers, we conducted 47 semi-structured interviews from 2019 to 2021 with seafood supply chain actors, including producers and processors. Seafood supply chains included were farmed catfish produced in the U.S., farmed pangasius and shrimp produced in Vietnam, farmed Atlantic salmon produced in Norway, and wild-caught sockeye and pink salmon caught in the U.S.ResultsWe provide detailed descriptions of stages within each supply chain regarding resource use and efficiency strategies, and report higher-level findings that apply across supply chains. There was variation across settings regarding how resources are used and opportunities and barriers for improving efficiencies, but we also found commonalities in settings, indicating that resource-saving strategies or innovations could lead to increased efficiency across multiple supply chains. Interviewees shared that cost savings drove past adoption of, and high interest in, energy conservation practices. Generally, direct costs did not motivate reduced use of freshwater, but associated costs like energy to run pumps and supplies to treat contaminated surface water drove interest in reducing water use.DiscussionEfforts to improve resource use in the U.S. seafood supply should focus on identifying and scaling-up strategies that (i) involve improved efficiency of more than one resource and/or (ii) apply across multiple settings. This work should involve partnerships between industry, government agencies, and academic researchers, and should be informed by supply chain actors’ experiences and insights. The qualitative insights from this study encompass rich descriptions of FEW-relevant factors at the level of specific supply chain stages as well as findings across six major seafood supply chains in three countries. The study provides an essential complement to existing quantitative characterizations of resource use, and enables nuanced and informed responses to challenges.

Percepções dos professores estagiários sobre a aceitação das tecnologias móveis nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. Um estudo de caso

The pandemic crisis highlighted the need for a technological and digital transformation of the university, a process that has already begun and that has marked a before and after in the incorporation of technologies in the teaching-learning processes. On the other hand, teachers in training are a privileged group as they are at the end of their training process, in contact with active teachers and will be pillars of social training. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the perceptions of trainee teachers at the University of Granada on the acceptance and inclusion of smartphones in teaching and learning processes, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. A qualitative methodology (focus group) was implemented with a sample of 16 trainee teachers belonging to the area of social sciences. The results showed an incorporation of technologies in future teachers, the need for the implementation of smartphones, as well as mobile literacy for students and teachers. In the same way, generational differences, the relevance of motivation and perception in usefulness and ease of use of devices are highlighted. It is concluded that there is a need for training actions in teachers and educational centers to provide an effective response to social and educational needs. For this reason, universities, educational institutions and teachers must strive to understand the scope of mobile teaching and the possibilities of smartphones in increasing motivation and the acquisition of basic skills. Future studies are needed to broaden the scope of analysis to different areas and contexts

Why do employees attend work sick? The assessment and relevance of opposite presenteeism motivations

AbstractPresenteeism, the act of attending work while sick, has gained significant research attention. However, the motivations driving this behaviour remain underexplored. This study seeks to contribute to this area by developing and validating a measurement tool that captures two distinct motivations for presenteeism: voluntary, stemming from personal choice, and involuntary, resulting from external pressures. Across four studies involving 1021 respondents from both the general working population and contexts known for high levels of presenteeism, the reliability and validity of an 8‐item presenteeism motivation scale were established. Studies 1 and 2 confirmed the scale's two‐factor structure and reliability. Study 3 further demonstrated its convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity, as well as its ability to detect anticipated sex differences in presenteeism tendencies. Study 4 provided evidence towards criterion related validity, showing differential effects on employee well‐being over time. Voluntarily presenteeism was associated with higher levels of work engagement and lower burnout rates, while involuntary presenteeism exhibited the opposite pattern. Additionally, the scale demonstrated measurement invariance across different working populations. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.

Satisfaction of basic psychological needs and European entrepreneurs' well-being and health: The association with job satisfaction and entrepreneurial motivation.

We examine an integrative model associating entrepreneurial motivation and job satisfaction with basic psychological needs satisfaction and the psychological well-being (PWB) and health problems of European entrepreneurs. In contrast with previous literature that focuses mainly on hedonic well-being, this study examines well-being by using a eudaimonic perspective and the link between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurs' PWB. Based on the self-determination theory (SDT) and using structural equation modeling, this study examines a European representative sample composed of 7,878 entrepreneurs from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (6th EWCS; Eurofound [2015] database). This study finds a positive relationship between the satisfaction of the need for autonomy and competence and opportunity motivation, which in turn is positively associated with job satisfaction. This study also finds that need satisfaction is positively associated with entrepreneurs' PWB and job satisfaction, which in turn is positively associated with entrepreneurs' PWB and health. Results highlight the relevance of SDT, opportunity motivation, and job satisfaction to understanding entrepreneurs' PWB and health. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first integrative model relating satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy and competence) and diverse individual outcomes related to work (job satisfaction, PWB, and health) of European entrepreneurs by considering entrepreneurial motivation. This study examines a large and representative European sample, in contrast with previous research focusing on the Anglosphere nations.

"Exploring The Impact Of Gamification On Students’ Motivation, And Learning Outcomes In Secondary Education"

This research paper delves into the realm of secondary education and investigates the influence of gamification on students' motivation and learning outcomes. The increasing integration of technology and digital platforms into educational settings has sparked a surge in interest regarding gamification as a novel approach to engage and motivate students. The paper seeks to address this evolving landscape and the potential implications for educators, students, and the broader field of education. Gamification, the practice of incorporating game elements and mechanics into non-game contexts, has become a prominent strategy to enhance students' educational experiences. In the context of secondary education, where adolescents face unique challenges and motivational factors, understanding the impact of gamification is of paramount importance. This study aims to provide insight into how gamification may influence students' motivation and, subsequently, their learning outcomes. Motivation is a multifaceted construct within education, and various theories such as Self- Determination Theory and Expectancy-Value Theory underscore its significance. The paper begins by reviewing these motivational theories, emphasizing the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in driving students' motivation to learn. It also highlights the relevance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which is vital for a comprehensive understanding of how gamification can impact students. The core of this research lies in empirical findings gathered through a mixed-methods approach. A survey instrument was administered to secondary education students who experienced gamified learning environments. Qualitative data was also collected through interviews and classroom observations. This data allowed for a multifaceted analysis of students' perspectives on gamification, their motivation levels, and their resulting learning outcomes. The empirical findings reveal several key insights. First, gamification positively influences students' motivation, as it fosters a sense of autonomy and competence. Students reported greater engagement with course materials, enhanced focus on learning tasks, and increased willingness to persist in the face of challenges. Gamification elements such as points, leaderboards, and rewards effectively cater to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, thereby increasing students' interest in the subject matter. Second, gamification, when appropriately designed and implemented, significantly impacts learning outcomes. Students exposed to gamified learning environments exhibited improved academic performance, greater retention of course content, and a deeper understanding of complex concepts. The competitive and collaborative nature of gamification promotes active participation and knowledge transfer. The discussion section interprets the findings in the context of existing literature, highlighting the practical implications of this research for educators and policymakers. Educators can harness gamification strategies to foster a motivating classroom atmosphere and, consequently, enhance students' learning experiences. However, it is crucial to recognize that gamification should be tailored to the specific needs and preferences of students, as a one-size-fits-all approach may not yield optimal results. In conclusion, this research underscores the transformative potential of gamification in secondary education. By stimulating motivation and bolstering learning outcomes, gamification emerges as a promising tool for educators seeking to engage students effectively. However, ongoing research and tailored approaches are essential to maximize its benefits and create meaningful, sustainable educational experiences in secondary education. This study contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding gamification and its capacity to shape the future of education.

Economic and social values in the brain: evidence from lesions to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Making good economic and social decisions is essential for individual and social welfare. Decades of research have provided compelling evidence that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is associated with dramatic personality changes and impairments in economic and social decision-making. However, whether the vmPFC subserves a unified mechanism in the social and non-social domains remains unclear. When choosing between economic options, the vmPFC is thought to guide decision by encoding value signals that reflect the motivational relevance of the options on a common scale. A recent framework, the "extended common neural currency" hypothesis, suggests that the vmPFC may also assign values to social factors and principles, thereby guiding social decision-making. Although neural value signals have been observed in the vmPFC in both social and non-social studies, it is yet to be determined whether they have a causal influence on behavior or merely correlate with decision-making. In this review, we assess whether lesion studies of patients with vmPFC damage offer evidence for such a causal role of the vmPFC in shaping economic and social behavior.

Cultivating concern for others: Meditation training and motivated engagement with human suffering.

Contemplative traditions have long affirmed that compassion and kindness are trainable skills. While research on meditation practice has recently flourished, the mechanisms that might engender such changes are still poorly understood. Here, we present a motivational framework to explain why meditation training should increase concern for others and modulate empathic engagement with human suffering over time. Meditation practices are conceived as tools for enacting cognitive and emotion regulatory goals that are conditioned by the underlying ethical motivation of the training-to reduce and alleviate suffering. In support of this account, we present data from a randomized, wait-list-controlled study of intensive meditation. In Study 1, we use a novel cardiovascular index to show that 3 months of meditation training can increase the motivational salience of others' suffering, as compared to the salience of threats to oneself. In Study 2, we demonstrate that training-related changes in the ability to orient attention to suffering are mediated by the dynamic regulation of distress-related physiological arousal. Finally, in Study 3, we provide exploratory evidence suggesting that meditation training may influence how human suffering is encoded in memory, leaving lasting imprints on the recollection of emotional experience. Together, our findings suggest that meditation training can strengthen the motivational relevance of others' suffering, prompting a shift from self-focused to other-focused evaluative processing. Considering meditation training from a motivational standpoint offers an important perspective for understanding how compassion can be cultivated through intentional practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Role of Neuromanagement and Motivation in Improving Organizational Performance

This research aims to identify the relevance of Neuromanagement, motivation, and organizational performance, along with the role of motivation as an intervening variable. The research method used is literature study, which involves collecting and analyzing data from various literature sources that are relevant to the research topic, such as articles, proceedings, books and so on. The research results show that Neuromanagement has significant relevance in increasing individual motivation in the work environment. Neuromanagement can influence motivation by increasing an individual's self-awareness and improving decision-making abilities. High motivation, in turn, acts as an intervening variable that links Neuromanagement and organizational performance. This research provides insight into the importance of understanding Neuromanagement in increasing organizational motivation and performance and proposes further research directions to explore this relationship in a more comprehensive and applicable manner

EMOTIONAL PERCEPTION AND CULTURAL MOTIVATION ON LOYALTY TO A WORLD HERITAGE SITES DESTINATION

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the scientific literature in the field of tourism in Latin America (Sucre, Bolivia was named a World Heritage Site (WHS) by UNESCO). This study analyses the relevance of the cultural motivation and emotional experience of the tourist to positively influence the image or the perceived value of the heritage site visited. The research shall also analyse other relationships, such as the positive effect of the perceived value on the loyalty of tourists and the influence of the visitor’s place of origin as a moderating variable in the formation of the image and loyalty to the destination. The analysis was performed by means of structural equation models (SEMs). The data were extracted through fieldwork consisting of interviews with visitors to the city. The results of the research revealed that the perceived value of a heritage destination not only depends on the functional and tangible aspects of the attributes but also on the emotional experience and cultural interest regarding the heritage site visited. Similarly, there is evidence of a relationship between perceived value and a loyal attitude and that it is moderated by the origin of the tourist, this being a great influence in the case of the domestic tourist.

The role of mindfulness and autonomous motivation for goal progress and goal adjustment: an intervention study

AbstractPrevious correlational studies showed the importance of mindfulness and autonomous goal motivation for goal pursuit, goal setting, and goal disengagement processes. The present study examined the role of mindfulness in goal regulation processes for self-selected personal goals in a randomized waitlist control group design. Participants (N = 228, M = 30.7 years, 18–78 years; 84% female) either received daily 9-12-minute audio mindfulness exercises online for four weeks or were placed on a waitlist. Participants in the intervention group (N = 113) reported more goal progress compared with the control group (N = 116) at the end of the intervention. Autonomous goal motivation for already set goals did not influence change in goal progress. However, autonomous goal motivation for newly set goals was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. Additionally, we tested the role of mindfulness in interaction with goal attainability and autonomous motivation for goal adjustment processes (in this case, reduction of goal importance). In the control group, lower goal attainability at baseline was associated with a greater reduction in goal importance for less autonomous goals. For more autonomous goals, change in goal importance was independent from baseline attainability. In contrast, in the intervention group, all goals were slightly devalued over time independently from autonomous motivation and goal attainability at T1. Moreover, changes in goal attainability were positively linked to changes in goal importance over time. This effect was moderated by mindfulness and autonomous motivation. Overall, the findings point to the relevance of mindfulness and autonomous motivation for goal regulation processes.

Exploring fundraising executives' careers in arts and culture: The role of tenure and career switching

AbstractFundraisers play a crucial role in helping arts and culture organizations obtain the financial resources they need to carry out their missions and support their causes. However, research on fundraisers' careers is still in its infancy. As the profession gains importance, understanding the main motivating factors of fundraisers' career paths is key. This study investigates the effects of three variables that emerged as relevant motivations for fundraiser careers, that is, education, career promotion and sector experience, on fundraising executives' tenure and career switching. In addition, this research identifies profiles of fundraising executives in the arts and culture organizations in the United States. Moreover, this study explores the role of non‐profit orientation as a moderator of the relationship between career switching and tenure, and parallel titles as a moderator of the relationship between sector experience and tenure. Managerial implications are outlined.

Kindness for Kindness: A Dual Appraisal of International Support in Response to COVID-19

“A friend in need is a friend indeed” well elucidates international support amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a dual-process model of emotional appraisal, this mixed-methods research aims to investigate positive psychological responses to international support. Study 1 is a multilevel investigation of the relationships between perceived support, gratitude evoked, and change in attitude toward the benefactor countries. The moderating role of motivational relevance—the province-level prevalence of COVID-19—is also examined. Study 2 uses text mining to analyze online reviews retrieved from a social media platform. The results substantiate aid-induced gratitude and reciprocity manifested through travel intentions and unravel additional factors of motivational relevance—timing, type of support, political and cultural connotations, and comparative appraisals. Study 3 employs an experimental design to validate the causal relationships and reinforces the dual-appraisal mechanism. Managerial implications are provided for destination marketers and industry practitioners to leverage positive psychology for post-pandemic promotion.