Release Of Volatile Organic Compounds Research Articles

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Textile Effluents from Bagru, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India): Implications for Environmental Impact and Treatment Needs

The textile industry is one of the largest water polluters worldwide. The coloured and bad odour effluent discharged from such industries pollutes not only the water bodies but also affects groundwater quality. In the present study, thirty-five water samples were collected from different dyeing units of the Bagru textile area (Rajasthan, India) famous for using natural dyes for textile processing. The physico-chemical analysis of these water samples shows that all parameters exceeded the permitted range recommended by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and World Health Organization (WHO). The analysis revealed the use of synthetic dyes in Bagru's textile industry for dyeing and printing. Based on the estimated characteristics, these textile effluents must be properly treated before releasing into the environment as the discharge of untreated effluents into local water bodies leads to significant water pollution, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Additionally, contaminants can permeate the soil, compromising agricultural productivity and food safety. The air quality is also compromised due to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the dyeing process, posing respiratory risks to nearby communities. This research underscores the urgent need for improved waste management practices and regulatory measures to mitigate the adverse environmental effects associated with synthetic dyes in Bagru's textile industry.

Scented solutions: Harnessing lavender essential oil liposomes for enhanced plywood performance

A wood-based panel that is both healthy and environmentally friendly has been developed utilizing the aromatic odor emitted by lavender essential oil. Liposomes were employed to encapsulate the lavender essential oil, resulting in a favorable loading effect and facilitating the control of odor release. Chitosan was used to encapsulate the lavender essential oil liposomes and then cross-linked with phosphate ions to form hydrogel balls, which improved the antioxidant performance and thermal stability of the lavender essential oil liposomes, achieving a 100 % encapsulation rate at optimal dosages. In order to investigate the effect of composite liposomes on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that cause odors, plywood was used as the subtract for their application. Panels treated with essential oil liposome hydrogel spheres exhibited improved mechanical properties, with a 4.3 % increase in average MOR and a 15.7 % increase in average bonding strength compared to control panels. The release of aromatic VOCs was prolonged after plywood had been treated with essential oil liposome hydrogel balls, but the release of phenolic odor VOCs was significantly suppressed. This study provides a new solution for reducing plywood odor emissions.

Biocontrol activity of Kluyveromyces marxianus YG-4 against Penicillium expansum LPH9 on apples

Penicillium expansum (P. expansum), a widespread fungal pathogen, causes serious economic loss and public health concerns. The aim of this research is to investigate the antifungal effect of Kluyveromyces marxianus YG-4 (K. marxianus YG-4) against P. expansum and possible mechanism. The results showed that competition for nutrients and space, as well as the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are the antifungal mechanisms. Citronellol may be the antifungal component of K. marxianus YG-4 VOCs based on GC–MS analysis. Further experiments had shown that citronellol inhibited the growth of P. expansum LPH9 by damaging the cell structure, disrupting the redox system, reducing antioxidant enzyme activity, and causing oxidative damage. K. marxianus YG-4, K. marxianus YG-4 VOCs and citronellol can effectively inhibit the spore germination of P. expansum on apples. The above results indicated that K. marxianus YG-4 had strong biocontrol activity and can be used as an excellent candidate strain for fruit preservation.

Source apportionment of airborne volatile organic compounds near unconventional oil and gas development

Abstract Oil and natural gas (ONG) extraction activities have been associated with the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are known to have adverse health effects and other VOCs that contribute to ozone formation. This study investigated the impact of ONG operations on HAP and other VOC concentrations during the development of multi-well ONG pads in suburban Broomfield, Colorado. Weekly VOC measurements were collected at 18 sites across the community, including locations near the well pads, in adjacent neighborhoods, and at a regional background site. The measurements, from October 2018 to December 2020, encompassed different stages of well pad development, including well drilling, hydraulic fracturing, flowback, and production. Measured concentrations were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to characterize VOC sources. Six PMF source factors were identified, including factors associated with combustion, background/biogenic sources, light alkanes, complex alkanes, drilling activities, and ONG acetylene. The factors related to local ONG activities showed clear temporal and spatial correlations with Broomfield well development activities. A benzene source apportionment analysis revealed important source contribution gradients across the community, with ONG-related sources exhibiting the largest influence at locations near the well pads, especially during pre-production activities. Weekly average benzene concentration contributions from ONG-related sources ranged from 9% to 63% at a community background site and from 18% to 89% at a neighborhood site close to a well pad.

Operator-independent assessment of bread spoilage profiles caused by Bacillaceae reveals a high degree of inter- and intraspecies heterogeneity

Ropy bread spoilage caused by aerobic spore-forming bacteria (ASF) is characterized by discoloration, sticky and stringy crumb degradation, and a fruity odor due to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Previous studies employing model experiments have demonstrated strain-specific spoilage potential. However, to gain a deeper understanding, it is essential to study rope spoilage within baked bread. This study aimed to objectively evaluate the effect of different ASF strains on bread quality. 82 strains were subjected to a comprehensive evaluation, including proteotypic and genotypic fingerprinting, and 13 were selected for further analysis, where ASF endospore-spiked dough samples were baked and incubated. Physical changes in crumb texture, discoloration, and VOC production were quantified using texture analysis, color measurements, and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The high intraspecies diversity was reflected in strain-specific variations in rope spoilage profiles. A significant reduction in crumb firmness and increased discoloration, as well as the development of high levels of relative acetoin, were associated with rope spoilage. While color measurements could not detect early-stage spoilage, changes in crumb texture and VOC development were detectable after 24 h of baking. Even low levels of contamination (10^1 spores/g) could cause potential spoilage detectable by texture analysis, although not visible to the naked eye. This study provides an unbiased framework for future research and may help develop early detection tools for improved bread spoilage management.

Emission and odour reduction in bitumen at high temperature: A comprehensive assessment of 18 functional additives using HS-GC-MS

Bitumen additives that can reduce emissions in bitumen and asphalt are desirable for managing or mitigating harmful or odorous emissions during infrastructure projects. Assessing and comparing the relative performance of different additive classes is crucial for determining their significance in emission reduction. In this study, a range of additive classes were investigated, including commercial additives, natural products, synthetic chemicals, biomolecules, and solid adsorbents. Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used to measure the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from bitumen after the incorporation of these additives. Among the additives investigated, solid adsorbents such as biochar materials were the most effective in mitigating the emissions of the monitored VOCs by up to 50%. These results suggest that biochar, may be prioritized for managing VOC emissions in asphalt-related projects.

Analytical evaluation of oil and water obtained from demulsification of crude oil using cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) nutshell liquid

The physiochemical characteristics of oil and water obtained from the demusifier treatment of crude oil using equal concentrations of Cashew nutshell liquid (CSNL) and a commercial grade demulsifier (DX077) were evaluated. Results obtained shows that basic sediment and water (BSW) of the crude after treatment with CSNL and DXO77 were 17.5 and 17.9 % respectively which was 0.4% apart. The total oil and grease (TOG) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of the produced water after treatment with CSNL were 24.4 and 21.7 mg/l respectively while results after treatment with DXO77 were 23.7 and 20.5 mg/l respectively. The TOG and TPH of the produced water after demulsifier treatment with CSNL and DX077 were within acceptable limit of < 30.0 mg/l as specified by Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). Analyses of the same crude oil before demulsifier treatment gave a lower BSW of 9.50 % as well as an emulsion band of 16.2 % indicating improper oil/water separation. The TOG and TPH of the produced water before demulsifier treatment were 42.5 and 38.7 mg/l respectively which were above DPR specification. Disposal of produced water with high TOG and TPH into the environment can lead to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the ecosystem resulting in environmental pollution as well as other health hazards. Results obtained also show that the water density, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and chloride of the produced water after demulsifier treatment with CSNL and DX077 were within DPR specification. Reinjecting produced water with high salinity, chloride and conductivity into the reservoir can reduce oil recovery especially from sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. CSNL proved to be an effective demulsifier and is preferrable to the synthetic demulsifier (DX077) because it is more environmentally friendly owing to its green nature.

Studying how dry extract can affect the aroma release and perception in different red wine styles.

Four red wine matrices representing different red wine styles with the same VOCs (volatile organic compounds), were obtained by enriching a bleed wine with increasing amounts of deodorized dry extract obtained from the pressed wine of the same vinification. The release of VOCs was determined by solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), in conditions mimicking those applied during sensory assessments. Results show that even though the perception of the overall odor intensity was not significantly influenced by the matrix, this latter modulated the odor profiles: at rising wine dry extract, fruity, floral odors decreased, while dehydrated fruit, woody-toasty, vegetal-earthy notes increased. These changes cannot be fully explained by the observed significant influence of the matrix on the release of VOCs or by their correlations with the considered matrix components (ethanol, residual sugars, phenolics, pH), but findings suggest that perceptual interactions are involved. This study could be useful in pressing and blending management for wine aroma quality also considering wine compositional trends under the current climate change context. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Pathogen-driven Pseudomonas reshaped the phyllosphere microbiome in combination with Pseudostellaria heterophylla foliar disease resistance via the release of volatile organic compounds

BackgroundContinuous monocropping obstacles are common in plants, especially medicinal plants, resulting in disease outbreaks and productivity reductions. Foliar disease, mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum, results in a severe decrease in the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla annually. Determining an effective biomethod to alleviate this disease is urgently needed to improve its productivity and quality.ResultsThis study screened thirty-two keystone bacterial genera induced by pathogens in P. heterophylla rhizosphere soil under continuous monocropping conditions. Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Flavobacterium, referred to as the beneficial microbiota, were significantly attracted by pathogen infection. The P. palleroniana strain B-BH16-1 can directly inhibit the growth and spore formation of seven primary pathogens of P. heterophylla foliar disease by disrupting fusaric acid production via the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, strain B-BH16-1 enhances the disease resistance of P. heterophylla by obliterating the pathogen and assembling beneficial microbiota.ConclusionPathogen-induced Pseudomonas reshaped phyllosphere microbial communities via direct antagonism of pathogens and indirect disruption of the pathogen virulence factor biosynthesis to enhance disease suppression and improve yields. These results show that inhibiting pathogen virulence biosynthesis to reshape the plant microbial community using disease-induing probiotics will be an innovative strategy for managing plant disease, especially under continuous monoculture conditions.

Characterisation of aphid antixenosis in aphid-resistant ancestor wheat, Triticum monococcum.

Due to the increasing presence of insecticide resistance across cereal aphid populations, new aphid management strategies, including the engineering of host resistance to aphids into commercial wheat varieties, are required. Previous studies have identified ancestor wheat, Triticum monococcum accessions MDR045 and MDR049, with resistance against the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. To test the hypothesis that resistance can be accounted for by antixenosis (reduced attractiveness of host plants) via the release of repellent volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we explored the response of S. avenae to MDR045 and MDR049 following S. avenae herbivory, using behaviour and electrophysiology experiments. In four-arm olfactometry assays, alate S. avenae showed aphid density-dependent reduced preference to VOC extracts from T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049. By contrast, alate S. avenae showed aphid density-dependent increased preference to extracts from aphid-susceptible hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Solstice and T. monococcum MDR037. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG), using the antennae of alate S. avenae, located 24 electrophysiologically active compounds across all tested accessions. Synthetic blends created from 21 identified EAG-active compounds confirmed bioactivity of corresponding VOC extracts in four-arm olfactometry assays against alate S. avenae. Our data suggest that resistance of T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049 to S. avenae can be at least partially accounted for by antixenosis through antennal perception of specific repellent VOC blends induced by S. avenae feeding behaviour. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Green crosslinking strategy for ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber composites with NH2-POSS as a crosslinking agent and reinforcing nanofiller

Ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber is extensively utilized in various fields including electrical wires and cables, automotive, and electronic components. Traditional peroxide vulcanization methods, however, release volatile organic compounds, posing environmental pollution concerns. To address this, 3-amino-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (NH2-POSS) was synthesized through hydrolytic condensation and used both as a crosslinking agent and a filler in the preparation of ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EVM-GMA) composites. Notably, NH2-POSS not only effectively crosslinks EVM-GMA, but also thus promotes the dispersion of the silica in the composites. EVM-GMA/silica composites crosslinked by NH2-POSS display superior mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to EVM-GMA/silica composites crosslinked by organic peroxide. EVM-GMA composite with 4.5 phr NH2-POSS and 30 phr SiO2 has a tensile strength of 10.7 MPa and an elongation at the break of 240 %. This study introduces a novel and environmentally friendly crosslinking strategy for producing high-performance EVM-GMA composites without additional additives.

Incorporation of Nano-Zinc Oxide as a Strategy to Improve the Barrier Properties of Biopolymer-Suberinic Acid Residues Films: A Preliminary Study.

Finishing coatings in the wood-based composites industry not only influence the final appearance of the product but also serve to protect against fungi and molds and reduce the release of harmful substances, particularly formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbon-rich materials, such as those derived from birch bark extraction, specifically suberin acids, can fulfill this role. Previous research has demonstrated that adding suberin acid residues (SAR) at 20% and 50% by weight significantly enhances the gas barrier properties of surface-finishing materials based on poly(lactide) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), particularly in terms of total VOC (TVOC) and formaldehyde emissions. This study aims to explore whether these properties can be further improved through the incorporation of nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO). Previous research has shown that these nanoparticles possess strong resistance to biological factors and can positively affect the characteristics of nanofilms applied as surface protection. The study employed PLA and PCL finishing layers blended with SAR powder at 10% w/w and included 2% and 4% nano-zinc oxide nanoparticles. The resulting blends were milled to create a powder, which was subsequently pressed into 1 mm-thick films. These films were then applied to raw particleboard surfaces. TVOC and formaldehyde emission tests were conducted. Additionally, the fungal resistance of the coated surfaces was assessed. The results showed that PLA/SAR and PCL/SAR composites with the addition of nano-zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited significantly improved barrier properties, offering a promising avenue for developing biodegradable, formaldehyde-free coatings with enhanced features in the furniture industry. Furthermore, by utilizing SAR as a post-extraction residue, this project aligns perfectly with the concept of upcycling.

Multitrophic and Multilevel Interactions Mediated by Volatile Organic Compounds.

Plants communicate with insects and other organisms through the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Using Boolean operators, we retrieved 1093 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, selecting 406 for detailed analysis, with approximately 50% focusing on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). This review examines the roles of VOCs in direct and indirect plant defense mechanisms and their influence on complex communication networks within ecosystems. Our research reveals significant functions of VOCs in four principal areas: activating insect antennae, attracting adult insects, attracting female insects, and attracting natural enemies. Terpenoids like α-pinene and β-myrcene significantly alter pest behavior by attracting natural enemies. β-ocimene and β-caryophyllene are crucial in regulating aboveground and belowground interactions. We emphasize the potential applications of VOCs in agriculture for developing novel pest control strategies and enhancing crop resilience. Additionally, we identify research gaps and propose new directions, stressing the importance of comparative studies across ecosystems and long-term observational research to better understand VOCs dynamics. In conclusion, we provide insights into the multifunctionality of VOCs in natural ecosystems, their potential for future research and applications, and their role in advancing sustainable agricultural and ecological practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of their mechanisms and ecological functions.

A review of the status of air quality monitoring in the Permian Basin, USA, and its implications for effective long-term monitoring of industrial operations

The Permian Basin is the largest petroleum producing region in the United States. Few studies have investigated impact the Petroleum Industry had on the air quality of the Permian Basin. Industry operations in the Basin has two primary impacts on air quality, (a) it significantly contributes carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere during extraction, transport and use of fossil fuels, (b) industry operations influence public health especially when populations are in proximity to all categories of oil and gas facilities. The advent of Covid-19 in late 2019 and a severe drought that began prior to 2019 in West Texas have created unusual circumstances regarding air quality and public health in the Permian Basin. This study has monitored airborne pollen, spores, fungal spores, and other organically derived particles, and inorganic particulate matter (1, 2.5, 10-micron particulate matter (PM) and total suspended particles (TSP)), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The pandemic caused a historic reduction in oil and gas production slowing operations in the Permian Basin to near zero during the study period, reducing environmental effects on air quality and concomitantly an increase in flaring of natural gas. Although there were increases in the release of VOCs fixed base monitors detected no notable increase. However, an increase in the concentration of airborne pollutants (VOCs and SO2) shows a close correlation with proximity to oil and gas facilities and the intensity of industry operations. This phenomenon is attributed to the highly local nature of flaring and CH4 plume emissions from leaking oil and gas facilities. Air quality improved in the Permian Basin due to reduction in production activity because of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the reduction of particulate matter due to the ongoing drought during the study period.

Safety assessment of polypropylene self-heating food container: The release of microplastics and volatile organic compounds

The safety assessment of food-contact plastic products is crucial for protecting consumers from potential harmful chemical contaminants. This study investigated novel contaminants and substances of concern in self-heating food containers, focusing on the release of microplastics (MPs) and the migration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we simulated actual self-heating condition to determine the abundance, size, and size distribution of released MPs. Results showed MPs abundance ranging from 1.7 × 106 to 3.4 × 106 particles/L, with an average of 2.4 × 106 particles/L, where over 98 % of particles were smaller than 20 µm. For VOCs migration, we employed direct immersion solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph-tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DI-SPME-GC×GC-QTOF-MS) under three migration conditions. We identified 41 VOCs, including saturated hydrocarbons, fatty acyls, organoxygen compounds, unsaturated hydrocarbons, benzene derivatives, and phenol ethers. Risk substances such as Dibutyl phthalate, Benzophenone, and 4-Methylbenzophenone were detected in three samples. Semi-quantitative analysis and toxicity classification revealed that the maximum migration of all analytes remained below corresponding limit values, indicating a generally low risk to consumers.

Development of environmentally friendly glyoxal-based adhesives with outstanding water repellency utilizing wheat gluten protein

To reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from formaldehyde-based adhesives at the source, the use of low-toxicity and biodegradable glyoxal instead of formaldehyde for the preparation of novel urea-glyoxal resins is a simple and promising strategy. The limited water resistance and adhesive strength of the new urea-glyoxal resins (UG) restrict their extensive application. This study prepared a high-performance, water-resistant WP-UG wood adhesive by combining UG prepolymer with wheat gluten protein (WP). FTIR, XRD, and XPS confirmed the existence of a chemical reaction between the two components, and thermal analysis showed that WP-UG plywood had better thermal stability. Evaluation of the gluing properties revealed that the dry and wet strengths of WP-UG adhesive bonded plywood reached 1.39 and 0.87 MPa, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of UG resin by 35 % and 314 %. The bond strength increased from 0 to 0.89 MPa after immersion in water at 63 °C for 3 h. The results indicated that the introduction of WP promoted the formation of a more complex and tightly packed crosslinking network and developed a glyoxal-based adhesive with high bond strength and water resistance. This study provides a new green pathway for novel urea-formaldehyde binders to replace harmful formaldehyde-based binders, which helps to increase their potential application value in the wood industry.

A Gas Sensors Detection System for Real-Time Monitoring of Changes in Volatile Organic Compounds during Oolong Tea Processing.

The oxidation step in Oolong tea processing significantly influences its final flavor and aroma. In this study, a gas sensors detection system based on 13 metal oxide semiconductors with strong stability and sensitivity to the aroma during the Oolong tea oxidation production is proposed. The gas sensors detection system consists of a gas path, a signal acquisition module, and a signal processing module. The characteristic response signals of the sensor exhibit rapid release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as aldehydes, alcohols, and olefins during oxidative production. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract the features of the collected signals. Then, three classical recognition models and two convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning models were established, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), back-propagation neural network (BP-ANN), LeNet5, and AlexNet. The results indicate that the BP-ANN model achieved optimal recognition performance with a 3-4-1 topology at pc = 3 with accuracy rates for the calibration and prediction of 94.16% and 94.11%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed gas sensors detection system can effectively differentiate between the distinct stages of the Oolong tea oxidation process. This work can improve the stability of Oolong tea products and facilitate the automation of the oxidation process. The detection system is capable of long-term online real-time monitoring of the processing process.

Exploring eco-friendly solutions for Phytophthora disease management: Harnessing the anti-oomycete potential of a fermented lemon waste formulation

Phytophthora species pose significant challenges to agricultural and natural ecosystems due to their ecological plasticity and ability to cause diseases of various plant species. Effective control of Phytophthora diseases requires integrated approaches that consider specific agronomic practices, environmental factors, and the rationale use of chemicals. In response to the need for eco-friendly alternatives, this study investigated the anti-oomycete potential of a formulation derived from the fermentation of lemon wastes by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ('bioact-LM'). In vitro assays demonstrated the significant anti-oomycete efficacy of bioact-LM against multiple Phytophthora species, both through direct contact inhibition and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In vivo assessments on orange and apple fruits further confirmed the effectiveness of bioact-LM in reducing Phytophthora rot severity. These findings suggest bioact-LM is promising as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicide for Phytophthora disease management, highlighting the importance of exploring eco-friendly solutions in a scenario of environmental challenges and restriction in the use of conventional chemical control methods.

Jasmonic acid and heat stress induce high volatile organic compound emissions in Picea abies from needles, but not from roots.

Plants emit diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their leaves and roots for protection against biotic and abiotic stress. An important signaling cascade activated by aboveground herbivory is the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway that stimulates the production of VOCs. So far it remains unclear if the activation of this pathway also leads to enhanced VOC emissions from conifer roots, and how the interplay of above- and belowground defenses in plants are affected by multiple stressors. Therefore, we simultaneously analyzed needle and root VOC emissions of Picea abies saplings, as well as CO2 and H2O fluxes in response to aboveground JA treatment, heat stress and their interaction in a controlled climate chamber experiment. Continuous online VOC measurements by PTR-TOF-MS showed an inverse pattern of total needle and root VOC emissions, when plants were treated with JA and heat. While needle sesquiterpene emissions increased nine-fold one day after JA application, total root VOC emissions decreased. This was mainly due to reduced emissions of acetone and monoterpenes by roots. In response to aboveground JA treatment, root total carbon emitted as VOCs decreased from 31% to only 4%. While VOC emissions aboveground increased, net CO2 assimilation strongly declined due to JA treatment, resulting in net respiration during the day. Interestingly, root respiration was not affected by aboveground JA application. Under heat the effect of JA on VOC emissions of needles and roots was less pronounced. The buffering effect of heat on VOC emissions following JA treatment points towards an impaired defense reaction of the plants under multiple stress. Our results indicate efficient resource allocation within the plant to protect threatened tissues by a rather local VOC release. Roots may only be affected indirectly by reduced belowground carbon allocation, but are not involved directly in the JA-induced stress response.

Textile sorption and release of odorous volatile organic compounds from a synthetic sweat solution

Body odorants typically transfer to clothing fabrics by way of liquid sweat, yet investigations of odor retention in textiles often neglect this route of exposure in their test procedures. This paper describes a novel method for transferring selected odorous volatile organic compounds to six types of textile fibers in yarn bundle form by an aqueous sweat solution. Headspace volatile organic compounds varying by chemical class (ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids) were monitored at discrete time intervals (30 min, 3 h, 24 h) using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Lower intensities of ketones and aldehydes were detected in the headspace above cellulosic fibers (cotton, mercerized cotton, viscose) than above wool, nylon, and polyester fibers at 30 min. A rapid decrease in ketones occurred for all fibers, but lower intensities of ketones were released after 3 h for cellulosic and wool fibers. Nylon fibers typically released the highest amounts of ketones and aldehydes at 30 min, but by 24 h higher intensities of these compounds were released from polyester. Carboxylic acids exhibited minimal differences in intensities between 30 min and 3 h, with few differences evident among fiber types. Understanding the preferential sorption of odorants when clothing is exposed to volatile organic compounds in aqueous solutions such as sweat is enhanced from the results of this investigation.