Fluid Discharge Research Articles

Study of a Companion Trajectory Kinematics Analysis Method for the Five-Blade Rotor Swing Scraper Pump

This paper proposes a five-blade rotor swing scraper pump (FRSSP) to overcome traditional volumetric pumps’ drawbacks, such as poor sealing performance, low volumetric efficiency, and complex structure. This pump employs a rotating cam-swing scraper mechanism to achieve fluid intake and discharge. The FRSSP is compact in structure, self-sealing, and highly efficient in volumetric utilization, offering promising applications. A companion trajectory kinematic analysis method of the FRSSP is proposed. The polar coordinate equation of the companion trajectory is derived from the profile equation of the five-blade rotor cam. Based on this trajectory, a kinematic model of the scraper pump is established, resulting in the kinematic equations for the swing angle of the scraper, the pressure angle of the scraper, the rotation angle of the rotor, the angular velocity of the scraper, and the angular acceleration of the scraper. The kinematics of the FRSSP were simulated and validated using ADAMS. Comparing the results of theoretical calculations and simulation reveals that the error in the scraper swing angle is 1.85%, the maximum error in the scraper angular velocity is 4.93%, and the maximum error in the scraper angular acceleration is 2.47%, confirming the accuracy of the kinematic analysis method. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the kinematic research method for companion trajectories. After modifying the dimensions of key components in the scraper pump, the discrepancies between theoretical calculations and simulation results were within 5%, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the method. Flow field simulation analysis and experimental tests on the scraper pump revealed that the deviation between the simulated and experimental outlet flow rates was less than 5%, validating the feasibility of the pump’s structural principles and the reliability of the simulations. Furthermore, these findings indirectly affirmed the correctness of the companion trajectory kinematic analysis method.

The Main Geohazards in the Russian Sector of the Arctic Ocean

The Arctic region, including vast shelf zones, has enormous resource and transport potential and is currently key to Russia’s strategic development. This region is promising and attractive for the intensification of global economic activity. When developing this region, it is very important to avoid emergency situations that could result in numerous negative environmental and socio-economic consequences. Therefore, when designing and constructing critical infrastructure facilities in the Arctic, it is necessary to conduct high-quality studies of potential geohazards. This paper reviews and summarizes the scattered information on the main geohazards in the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean, such as earthquakes, underwater landslides, tsunamis, and focused fluid discharges (gas seeps), and discusses patterns of their spatial distribution and possible relationships with the geodynamic setting of the Arctic region. The study revealed that the main patterns of the mutual distribution of the main geohazards of the Russian sector of the Arctic seas are determined by both the modern geodynamic situation in the region and the history of the geodynamic evolution of the Arctic, namely the formation of the spreading axis and deep-sea basins of the Arctic Ocean. The high probability of the influence of seismotectonic activity on the state of subsea permafrost and massive methane release is emphasized. This review contributes toward better understanding and progress in the zoning of seismic and other geological hazards in the vast Arctic seas of Russia.

Analysis of Feeding White Eggs, Cockfish, Binahong Leaves, Belt Leaf Soak, VCO, Pineapple Juice and Honey on Accelerate Healing of Perineum Wounds and Incidents Perineal Wound Infection

Perineal wounds, if not properly treated, are at risk of infection, especially with poor hygiene, inappropriate care, or comorbidities like diabetes. Symptoms of infection include worsening pain, swelling, redness, and fluid or pus discharge, sometimes accompanied by fever or chills. This research aimed to examine the effects of natural remedies—white eggs, snakehead fish, binahong leaves, soaked betel leaves, VCO, pineapple juice, and honey—on accelerating perineal wound healing and reducing infection risk. Using a quasi-experimental quantitative approach with purposive sampling, the study found that these remedies significantly accelerated wound healing compared to a control group, as indicated by a p-value of 0.000 from Mann-Whitney tests. While some in the control group experienced infections, those treated with the natural remedies showed faster healing and fewer infections. The study suggests that using these natural treatments can effectively speed up perineal wound healing and reduce the risk of infection.

Molybdenum isotopic evidence for linked changes in North Pacific Intermediate Water and subtropical Northwest Pacific redox conditions over the last 200 k.y

Through biological productivity and ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange, North Pacific mid-depth ventilation has the potential to regulate regional climate over glacial timescales. Nevertheless, the subtropical Northwest Pacific currently lacks continuous long redox records that would enable us to evaluate this process. In this instance, we present δ98/95Mo and redox-sensitive trace element data derived from Okinawa Trough sediments to reconstruct redox conditions and assess their possible significance in regulating atmospheric CO2 in the subtropical Northwest Pacific over the last 200 k.y. Enhanced oxic conditions induced by a strengthened Kuroshio Current during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 1 suggest the presence of enhanced deep water ventilation and upwelling in the Okinawa Trough, which likely contributed to high atmospheric CO2 concentrations during interglacial periods. The Okinawa Trough may have been oxic and served as a regional net carbon sink during MIS2 and MIS6, due to glacial North Pacific Intermediate Water (GNPIW) and a weak Kuroshio Current. During interglacials, high productivity brought on by the stronger East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) leads to an increase in organic matter burial and oxygen consumption. This substantial positive excursion in δ98/95Mo values during MIS4 and early MIS3 can be linked to the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and the release of methane-rich fluids from methane hydrate decomposition. Our findings highlight potential links between higher upwelling, GNPIW expansion, and the underlying processes regulating the atmospheric CO2 budget in the subtropical North Pacific during the late Quaternary.

Detection of Oronasal Fistula Using a Fluorescent Water Passing Test.

The confirmation of a connection between the oral and nasal cavities provides a definitive diagnosis for an oronasal fistula (ONF). However, visual detection is difficult in patients with small fistulas. This study examined whether fluorescein sodium could be used to detect small ONFs. The study included 25 dogs that underwent dental examination and had confirmed periodontal pockets at the Amica Pet Clinic, Japan, between 2020 and 2022. Saline containing fluorescein sodium was injected into the periodontal pocket, termed a fluorescent "water-passing test," followed by detection of fluid discharge from the external naris using an examination light. Of the 25 dogs, 13 showed symptoms consistent with an ONF and of these, 12 were positive and one was negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. Of the 12 asymptomatic dogs, 3 tested positive and 9 tested negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. The fluorescent water-passing test enhanced visibility and facilitated the detection of small volumes of the discharged fluid. The results of this study confirmed the fluorescent water-passing test was useful for the detection of small ONFs.

Formation of giant copper deposits driven by rapid uplift and sudden depressurization

Abstract Porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) in collisional orogens are new targets for modern mineral exploration. A series of post-collisional (Miocene; 22-12Ma) porphyry copper deposit (PCDs) with Cu reserve over 45 Mt have been discovered in the Gangdese magmatic belt, southern Tibet. These magmas derived from partial melting of sulfide-bearing Tibetan juvenile lower crust are fertile for porphyry Cu in many aspects, such as high oxidation state, and rich volatiles such as water, S, and Cl, but some of individual plutons ended up with economic concentrations. The fundamental question remains what accounts for the significant Cu endowments. We measured the igneous zircon water contents of ore-related and barren high Sr/Y magmas in the Gangdese belt, southern Tibet and found that magmas that produce giant PCDs have lower zircon water contents than barren and small-deposit related magmas. Combined with previous fluid inclusions, magmatic breccias, apatite geochemistry, and thermal histories, which demonstrated higher initial water content in causative porphyries such as giant deposits of Qulong and Jiama, we believe that the lower zircon water content may be attributed to these magmas experiencing of faster cooling and sudden depressurization of a large, primed, volatile-saturated or supersaturated mid-upper crustal magma chamber, which could lead to rapid and voluminous volatile exsolution and fluid discharge. These processes caused intense hydrothermal alteration and large ore deposition. In contrast, magmas that experienced slow cooling and deep emplacement would undergo steady state degassing and weak alteration. The variable intrusive and thermal histories across Gangdese reflects interplay between surface and lithospheric dynamics within the Himalaya—Tibet orogen. Our findings suggest the difference of zircon water content reflects the emplacement rate and depth of granitic body, and therefore may serve as an indicator for tectonics and potential for mineralization.

Stable silicon isotope fractionation reflects the routing of water through a mesoscale hillslope

Concentration - isotope Ratio - Discharge (C-R-Q) relationships offer a promising means of disentangling the underlying hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological factors that produce variations in stream solute chemistry across a variety of critical zone systems. However, natural environments are both temporally and spatially complex, and prevailing interpretations of these C-R-Q patterns remain difficult to validate. Here we employ three replicate artificially constructed hillslopes at the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) in Tucson, Arizona as simplified analogs to natural catchments. LEO allows us to record silicon stable isotope (δ30Si) signatures of fluid discharge under a controlled irrigation schedule in a system devoid of vegetation. This unique meso‑scale experiment enables, for the first time, evaluation of metalloid stable isotope signatures at the scale of natural hillslopes constrained to known fluid transit time distributions (TTDs) and limited to fractionation in association with secondary mineral formation. We report δ30Si in discharge samples collected over three randomized storm events of varying intensity. The data reflect consistent enrichment in the fluid phase between +1.00 and +2.07 ‰ across the three hillslopes, despite highly variable irrigation scenarios, reflecting substantial loss of SiO2 from solution due to secondary mineral precipitation. We compare results from an isotope-enabled Reactive Transport Model (RTM) and the discharge measurements from LEO to constrain the contributions of both characteristic watershed TTDs and fractionation pathways in emergent δ30Si signatures. Our study confirms and expands upon recent work in natural systems attributing intra-site variability in silicon stable isotope signatures to the routing of fluid through catchments.

Study on the characteristics of cavitation and COD removal of an addendum rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors

AbstractThis paper presented an addendum rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCR) that enabled circumferential shear cavitation, axial cavitation, and the Venturi effect, thus increasing cavitation efficiency. The experiments on hydroxyl (·OH) release and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal demonstrate the feasibility of cavitation performance characterization and COD removal rate. The findings indicate that the COD removal rate can reach a maximum value of 28% or 30% with an increase in flow rate or rotating speed, respectively. Specifically, the maximum values were achieved at a rotation speed of 2,500 rpm or a flow rate of 1.0 m3·h−1. Based on the mechanism of the addendum cavitation, the wedge angles, and the crucial structural parameters, were examined for optimizing cavitation performance. The results revealed that the cavitation number and cavitation bubble were significantly influenced by wedge angles, as well as the efficiency of cavitation energy. The mechanical shear of fluid was enhanced by wedge angles, resulting in constant compression and release of fluid with increased kinetic energy. This led to stronger effects on bulge blocks, and the formation of vortexes that rebounded constantly, resulting in lower pressure areas and expanded regions of cavitation. Among the wedge angles tested, the wedge angle of 15° exhibited the highest cavitation bubbles with a maximum value of 46%. This was 31% higher than the grooves‐type cavitator reported. Furthermore, the cavitation performance was extremely improved with a wedge angle of 15°, as corresponding with the maximum efficiency of cavitation energy. These explorations provide references for the removal of COD in industrial and agricultural wastewater, as well as the development of novel reactors for wastewater treatment.

The fluid/melt partitioning of chlorine, bromine and iodine in felsic magmas and the utility of halogen ratios to track the devolatilization and fluid fluxing of magma reservoirs

The release of fluids from magmas at crustal depths is an essential process for the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. However, assessing the extent of volatile loss by magma degassing or volatile gain by fluid fluxing from deeper magmas remains challenging. To develop a new tool to quantitatively track these processes, we experimentally determined the partition coefficients of Cl, Br, and I between aqueous fluids and haplogranitic melts (Dif/m) as a function of fluid salinity and the aluminum saturation index [ASI = Al2O3/(Na2O + K2O)] of the silicate melt. The experiments were conducted in externally heated rapid-quench René 41 cold-seal pressure vessel apparatus at 200 MPa and 790 ± 10 °C. The Br and I concentrations in the run product glasses were determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry, whereas the concentration of Cl was determined by electron probe microanalysis. The results show that the partition coefficients of the three halogens in a system with chloride-dominated fluids increase with fluid salinity increasing from 1.49 to 60.6 wt% total NaCl equivalent. Specifically, DClf/m increases from 23 ± 5 to 168 ± 7 (1σ), DBrf/m increases from 57 ± 13 to 271 ± 14, and DIf/m increases from 198 ± 61 to 736 ± 159. As for the influence of melt composition, DClf/m and DBrf/m attain maximum values at ASI = 1, whereas DIf/m appears to be independent of ASI within error. Bromine and iodine partition into the fluid more strongly in the presence of significant Cl, indicating that these halogens compete for the same structural sites in the silicate melt. Empirical equations were derived to predict the Df/m of Cl, Br, and I in felsic magmatic systems as a function of fluid salinity and silicate melt ASI. These equations were in turn implemented in numerical models simulating the degassing of granitic magma reservoirs emplaced in the Earth’s upper crust. The results of these calculations show that the Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios in the silicate melt and the released fluid rapidly decrease during progressive magma degassing at depth due to the significantly increasing fluid/melt partition coefficients with increasing halide ion radius. On the other hand, a sudden increase of Br/Cl and I/Cl in the silicate melt indicates fluid fluxing of the magma. Therefore, halogen ratios may become particularly useful tools to track crystallization-driven degassing if the record of the variation of the silicate melt composition can be recovered from silicate melt inclusions in minerals. In addition, the evolving Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios of magmatic fluids feeding magmatic-hydrothermal ore forming systems, as recorded by fluid inclusions in minerals, may inform about the evolution of the underlying magma reservoir.

The Role of Earth Tides in Reactivating Shallow Faults and Triggering Seafloor Methane Emissions

AbstractThe role of solid Earth tide in fault reactivation has significant implications for understanding earthquake triggering, carbon sequestration, and the global carbon budget. Despite extensive research on this topic, the relationship between Earth tide and fault reactivation remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the influence of solid Earth tide on the reactivation of sub‐seabed faults, which may lead to the release of methane. We monitored the sub‐seabed temperature and pore‐fluid pressure at two sites on a fault system located in the Black Sea. Two sets of data obtained from distinct periods revealed inconsistent results. For the first set of data and despite the distance between the two sites (∼790 m), the responses in terms of temperature and pore pressure changes were synchronous (September 2021). We showed from these data that the presence of over‐pressured fluid promotes fault reactivation under Earth tide cycles, resulting in synchronized degassing events. For the second set of data recorded from the same two sites (September 2021–May 2023), we did not identify any concomitance between Earth tides and the monitored parameters. Our analyses show that discrepancies in observations could be related to the fluid discharge/recharge process. The fluid discharge observed during the first period resulted in a decrease in excess pore‐pressure, making the fault insensitive to Earth tides during the subsequent recharge period. Our data also sheds light on conflicting literature results, suggesting that the interaction between faults and Earth tides primarily depends on fluid pore pressure, a parameter rarely measured.

Research examining microcirculatory dynamics in diseases that cause oedema using skin blood flow and skin reperfusion pressure

Oedema is a build-up of fluid in the tissues in the body. It can develop due to diseases including heart failure and kidney disease. It usually occurs in the limbs, where it can cause discomfort, joint stiffness or pain. However, fluid can also accumulate in the brain, which is called cerebral oedema or in the blood vessels serving the lungs, called pulmonary oedema. A type of oedema called pitting oedema is more prevalent than the other type, non-pitting oedema. In order to treat the condition, the underlying cause must be resolved. Treatment can involve diuretics to help the release of fluids, positioning to encourage draining or compression to force fluids away. Researchers at the Faculty of Rehabilitation at Reiwa Health Sciences University led by Dr Haruki Kogo are examining the microcirculatory dynamics of diseases that cause oedema using skin blood flow and skin reperfusion pressure. They have developed a device that can diagnose oedema and confirmed the reproducibility and validity of the device. They have registered the trademark and plan to commercialise the device for use in clinical and research settings. The device is able to measure the depth of the surface imprint in pitting oedema patients, simplifying the evaluation of pitting oedema, which will be extremely useful in clinical settings. The researchers tested the device across two hospitals, comparing the results with results obtained from the popular circumference measurement method and ultrasound imaging measurement. The team found that there was a strong correlation between measurements from the device and the tissue thickness measurement derived from the ultrasound. This confirmed that the device is a reliable gauge for the measurement of oedema.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEUKORRHEA IN FEMALE STUDENTS

Background : The importance of reproductive health awareness for women, as women are vulnerable to infectious diseases. One of the reproductive health problems is leukorrhea, which is the discharge of genital fluid that is not blood but is often ignored. In fact, leukorrhea can be fatal if left untreated. According to WHO, around 90% of Indonesian women are at risk of developing leukorrhea. This is due to the tropical climate in Indonesia, which supports the growth of fungi, one of the causes of leukorrhea. Method: This study used an observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional research design. The sample size was 131 female students, who were selected by total sampling. The independent variables in this study were age, BMI, stress level, vulva hygiene knowledge, and vulva hygiene behavior. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and logistic regression tests Result: The results showed that the most common age was 20 years (23.7%), 76 people (58%) had a normal BMI, and 61 people (46.6%) had been living in the boarding school for 1 year. Most of the female students experienced moderate stress (46 people, 35.11%), 114 (87.02%) had good vulva hygiene behavior, 94 (71.75%) had good vulva hygiene knowledge, and 109 (83.20%) had leukorrhea. The Mann-Whitney test results showed a relationship between the incidence of leukorrhea and age (p = 0.001), the Chi-square test results showed a relationship between the incidence of leukorrhea and stress level (p = <0.001), BMI (p = 0.344), vulva hygiene knowledge (p = 0.088), and vulva hygiene behavior (p = 1.000). Conclusion: Age and stress level were associated with the incidence of leukorrhea, and stress level was the most associated factor with the incidence of leukorrhea in female students at the Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Khoirul Huda Surabaya, Indonesia.

Columnar jointing in Paleoproterozoic carbon-bearing rocks (Onega Basin, NW Russia): implications for carbon migration in sedimentary rocks

ABSTRACT Columnar jointing occurs commonly in igneous rocks and rarely in sedimentary rocks. We report the results of combined field and petrological studies, Raman spectroscopy and column geometry analysis of columnar jointing in Paleoproterozoic carbon-bearing rocks, Eastern Fennoscandian Shield, NW Russia. The columnar rocks occur near the contact with the saucer-shaped dolerite sill emplaced in the unconsolidated organic rich sediments. Columnar jointing aureole (1 to 7 m) and column architecture strongly depends on the contact morphology. Columnar jointing is caused by the contraction of organic-rich sediments due to generation and further release of gas and oil rich fluid. The results of integrated studies indicate that fluidization driving the jointing is associated with not only the dehydration, but also with the mobilization of gas and oil rich fluid due to the thermal maturation of organic matter. Columnar jointing is associated with intensive fluid circulation and devolatilization evidenced by the numerous veins, globules, and vugs filled with migrated carbonaceous matter and secondary minerals in the columnar rocks as well as high vesicularity of dolerites near the contact. The redistribution of the mobile elements (K, Rb, LREE) along with the significant enrichment of S near the contact also indicates the intensive fluid circulation. The study contributes to understanding of mechanism of columnar jointing in sedimentary rocks and formation the fracture networks in organic-rich sediments.

Taurine is essential for mouse uterine luminal fluid resorption during implantation window via the SCNN1A and AQP8 signaling.

Uterine fluid homeostasis during peri-implantation is crucial for successful embryo implantation. Taurine (Tau) plays a crucial role in regulating osmotic pressure and ion transport. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Tau-mediated regulation of uterine fluid homeostasis during peri-implantation in mice remain unclear. In this study, we generated a Tau-deficient mouse model by administering Tau-free diet to Csad knockout (Csad-/-) mice to block endogenous Tau synthesis and exogenous Tau absorption (Csad-/--Tau free). Our findings demonstrated that Csad-/-Tau free mice with diminished level of Tau exhibited decreased rates of embryo implantation and impaired fertility. Further analysis revealed that the expression of Scnn1a was down-regulated during the implantation window, while Aqp8 was upregulated in Csad-/-Tau free mice, leading to uterine luminal fluid retention and defects in luminal closure, resulting in failed embryo implantation. Additionally, it was also found that E2 inhibited uterine Csad expression and Tau synthesis, while P4 promoted them. Therefore, our findings suggest that ovarian steroid hormones regulate Csad expression and Tau synthesis, thereby affecting release and resorption of uterine luminal fluid, ultimately impacting embryo implantation success.

Deep CO2 emissions facilitated by localized shear deformation: A case study of the Karakoram fault system, western Tibet

Strike-slip faults play a significant role in creating deeply penetrating fractures with high permeability, thus promoting rapid migration of CO2-rich fluids to the surface. However, there are rare observations regarding how strike-slip movement could affect deep CO2 emissions. Here, we focus on the Karakoram fault system (KKFS), western Tibet, to estimate diffuse soil CO2 fluxes and to unravel potential controlling factors for CO2 emissions. Average CO2 fluxes of geothermal fields range in 22–2475 g m−2 d−1, significantly higher than the across-fault profiles (6–116 g m−2 d−1). A mass balance model based on δ13C-CO2 and CO2 concentration of soil gases reveals that deep carbon constitutes 49.1–91.5 % (average = 73.9 %) and 0.2–40.5 % (average = 25.5 %) of soil-gas carbon released from geothermal fields and across-fault profiles, respectively. Deep carbon could be produced by thermal decomposition of crustal rocks considering CO2-rich fluids with radiogenic helium isotopes. Strikingly, higher CO2 fluxes preferentially occur in geothermal fields along a bending segment of the KKFS, where localized shear deformation is prominent as documented by high slip rates over geological timescales, dense splay faults, clustering of earthquake events, and elevated strain rates. We suggest that high stress acting on the KKFS bend could enhance the deformation and fracturing of fault zone rocks, leading to production of metamorphic CO2 and efficient release of CO2-rich fluids through the highly permeable fault system. Our results could shed new light on CO2 origins and fluxes of strike-slip faults that are characterized by spatially heterogeneous strain partitioning and thus localized enhanced shear deformation.

Phenolization of the sinus tract in recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease: long-term results of a prospective cohort study

AimIn recent years, the paradigm for the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease (SPSD) has shifted from surgical excision toward more minimally invasive techniques. Although extensive research has been conducted on the minimal invasive phenolization technique for primary SPSD, literature in recurrent SPSD is lacking. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term outcomes of the phenolization technique for recurrent SPSD.MethodThis study included all 57 patients who were initially prospectively included in this study for short-term follow-up after phenolization for recurrent SPSD. A questionnaire was sent out to all patients to obtain long-term outcome. The primary endpoint was recurrence. Secondary endpoints included quality of life and symptoms related to SPSD.ResultsA total of 47 patients (82.5%) were available for long-term follow-up. Recurrence needing further surgery developed in 7 patients (14.9%) after a mean follow-up of 76 (SD 21.7) months. At follow-up, there was improvement in the quality of life compared to preoperative levels (82.0, IQR 75.0–90.0 versus 74.0 IQR 52.5–80.0, p = 0.024). Additionally, symptoms associated with SPSD, including pain, fluid discharge, and itching sensation, also showed significant improvement. A total of 42 patients (89.4%) would undergo the same treatment again. No significant association was found between known risk factors and recurrence.ConclusionPhenolization for recurrent SPSD showed a recurrence rate of 14.9% with significant improvement of natal cleft symptoms and quality of life at long-term follow-up. Therefore, phenolization should be considered as a feasible option for patients with recurrent SPSD.

Dystocia due to Twin Pregnancy in HF Crossbred Cattle- A Case Report

Background: Freemartinism is one of the most commonly found intersex conditions in cattle, although it may also occur in small ruminants. The freemartin phenotype appears in a dizygotic twin pregnancy where one twin is a male and the other is a female. Due to precocious anastomoses between the placental vascular systems of the two fetuses, masculinising molecules reach the female twin and disrupt the normal sexual differentiation. In cattle, this condition is observed in 90 to 97% of twin pregnancies. A freemartin is, by definition, a genetically female fetus masculinised in the presence of a male co-twin, giving rise to a sterile heifer. Methods: A HF crossbred cow of 2nd parity was presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow (M.P) with the history of difficulty in calving, uterine contraction since last night, restlessness, uterine fluid discharge from vagina and swollen vulva. Per vaginal examination revealed presence of two fetuses in the uterus one being in anterior while other being in posterior presentation. Result: Dystocia was resolved by manual intervention per vaginum resulting in birth of one male and one female calf. The male calf was strong and active, while the female calf was weak as compare to male.

Prevention of Argentinian flag sign in intumescent cataracts using anterior chamber air bubble and cortical fluid release techniques

BackgroundTo investigate the efficiency of a new method for the prevention of argentinian flag sign during the process of continuous, circular, and centered anterior capsulotomy (CCC) on the anterior capsule in cortically liquefied intumescent cataracts. This study was registered in an appropriate registry and the registration number of registration was xyy11[2022]-XJSFX-087; The date of of registration was 2022-04-29.MethodsPreoperative examinations including slit-lamp examination, ocular A-scan ultrasonography, and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) UBM were conducted on 61 patients with intumescent cataracts. Cases with cortically liquefied intumescent cataracts were selected and after staining with indocyanine green, the anterior chamber air bubble technique was used to compress the anterior capsule, and liquefied cortex was aspirated using a puncture needle. Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) and intraocular pressure were recorded on postoperative days 1, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were documented and analyzed.ResultsFifty eyes were identified as having cortically liquefied intumescent cataracts. No cases of the Argentinian flag sign occurred, and standard capsulorrhexis was achieved, facilitating smooth phacoemulsification. All patients achieved satisfactory outcomes at follow-ups of 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. Mild corneal edema was observed in three cases on the first postoperative day, with no other complications noted.ConclusionsThe anterior chamber air bubble technique combined with cortical fluid release technique can prevent the occurrence of the Argentinian flag sign in cortically liquefied intumescent cataracts, this method is simple, convenient and economic for the clinical promotion.

Quantitative assessment of the nanoanatomy of the contractile vacuole complex in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Trypanosoma cruzi uses various mechanisms to cope with osmotic fluctuations during infection, including the remodeling of organelles such as the contractile vacuole complex (CVC). Little is known about the morphological changes of the CVC during pulsation cycles occurring upon osmotic stress. Here, we investigated the structure-function relationship between the CVC and the flagellar pocket domain where fluid discharge takes place-the adhesion plaque-during the CVC pulsation cycle. Using TcrPDEC2 and TcVps34 overexpressing mutants, known to have low and high efficiency for osmotic responses, we described a structural phenotype for the CVC that matches their corresponding physiological responses. Quantitative tomography provided data on the volume of the CVC and spongiome connections. Changes in the adhesion plaque during the pulsation cycle were also quantified and a dense filamentous network was observed. Together, the results suggest that the adhesion plaque mediates fluid discharge from the central vacuole, revealing new aspects of the osmoregulatory system in T. cruzi.

Primary Breast Necrotising Fasciitis in an Elderly Woman Managed with Nipple–Areola Conservation and Delayed Primary Closure in a Resource-Poor Setting A Case Report

Abstract Primary breast necrotising fasciitis is a rare disease that can rapidly progress with high morbidity and mortality rates. Due to its rare occurrence, it is often misdiagnosed. This case was a 65-year-old, obese, immobile, and newly diagnosed woman who presented with a 2-week history of progressive left breast pain and swelling with associated darkening of the breast skin and discharge of foul-smelling fluid. There was no history of fever and the nipple–areola complex was spared. The surrounding healthy skin has a characteristic peau d’orange and erythematous. Two discrete and slightly tender left axillary lymph nodes were noted. At the presentation, her blood sugar was high. Initially, a breast malignancy was suspected but later an ultrasound showed increased fibrous and fatty tissue architecture of the mammary gland. It also noted inflammatory collections within the mammary glands and thus concluded breast inflammation. Early intervention with antibiotic cover and wound debridement forestalled the progress of the disease and nipple–areola salvage. The wound was later covered by delayed primary closure after 14 days of wound dressing with a silver-based solution. Breast asymmetry was noted as a surgical complication. Early aggressive intervention in necrotising fasciitis of the breast in an elderly woman with comorbidities contributed to the preservation of nipple–areola complex with eventual satisfactory management using direct wound closure.