Relay Driver Circuit Research Articles

Automatic Water Recycling Plant

The project aims to automate the water recycling plant which is used for the wastewater treatment plant at Rajarambapu Institute of Technology (RIT). The current wastewater treatment plant process is manual, and requires a significant amount of manpower. This project will automate the plant using sensors, actuators, and controllers to reduce the need for manual labour and improve the efficiency of the water recycling process. A PIC18F4520 microcontroller is used in the project to control the entire process. Normal valves are replaced by solenoid valves which will be operated by a relay driver circuit. Different modes are created with a keypad and displayed on a 16x2 LCD. A water sensor has been made to sense the water level in tanks.

Construction of a Power Source Protective Device

One of the major problems encountered in power electronics is that associated with voltage irregularity and instability (excess or under voltage). Devices from simple Cut-off fuse to sophisticated voltage Regulators, TV guards, etc. have been built to protect appliances and keep them functioning optimally. This is protecting appliances from power sources. What about protecting power sources against appliances? When appliances demand more power than a source is capable, it often leads to interruption in the operation or sometimes damages in the power source. In this work, we have designed, constructed and tested an electronic device to protect low power sources (such as domestic electric generators, inverter systems, etc.) especially when an attempt to drive heavy power appliances is made. This device was designed based on the operation of automatic switches which make use of microcontrollers. Use was made of a 10A relay that switches the line, a relay driver circuit to drive the main relay, an arduino Uno board that contains the set of instructions, a dc power supply, a 15A socket, a pushbutton switch and two indicator lights. The testing showed that generally, appliances connected to the device will not get energized, even though the appliance’s power button is ON. At this point, only a red LED will be glowing showing that the device is receiving power but the power is not transferred to the load. When the user is sure that the power source can drive the appliance(s), the pushbutton switch is pressed and the green LED also begins to glow, showing that the appliance is powered. This result is exactly what the circuit is meant to achieve.

Design, Construction, and Effectiveness of Electrical Outlet Box with Built-in High and Low Voltage Cut-off and Power-on Delay Circuit

The electrical outlets installed in houses and buildings have no means of protection to prevent the plugged-in electrical appliances from the risk of being hit by the voltage fluctuations, and sudden loss and recurrence of electricity. This study designed and constructed an electrical outlet box that disconnects the appliance from the power source when high and low voltage levels occurs. It also delays the connection to the power source at normal voltage level. It comprises a plastic enclosure securing therein the interconnections of a power supply circuit, a high and low voltage cut-off circuit, a power-on delay circuit, a relay driver circuit, a double pole double throw relay switch, and electrical outlet. The variable alternating current transformer was used to apply the high and low voltage levels to the electrical outlet box where the industrial fan was plugged. Results showed that the electrical outlet box disconnected the industrial fan from the power source at 231 and 199 V. Also, there was a four-minute waiting period before the industrial fan was connected to the power source when the 201-229 V was applied. Therefore, this device is effective in preventing appliances from being hit by voltage fluctuations and sudden loss and recurrence of electricity.

Sound indicators as safety of motorcycle

Motorbikes are popular of transportation with high usage rates. Safeguarding motorbikes are a necessity for users to provide security. Researchers offer motorcycle safety using sound indicators. The working principle of motorcycle safety offered, is after the main key, or contact is in position and the Mic sound indicator is blown, amplifier circuit works to drive the relay driver that connects the CDI unit. The motorcycle safety circuit system will live and if there is no blow, the motorcycle safety circuit will not function. Research on the motorcycle safety circuit can be used to input indicator sound. Components needed include Mic condenser, driver relay circuit, power supply. Measurement of the relay driver circuit and condenser mic aims to find out which circuit can work as planned. The measurement results obtained testing the motorcycle safety circuit with the following explanation: When the sound indicator and driver get a touch simultaneously, which gives a signal that the signal from the sound indicator is connected to the amplifier driver, so that the signal is detected, will provide input to the relay (on) and CDI unit when the motorcycle will work. With an indication the LED will turn on.

Home Energy Management System for a domestic load center using Artificial Neural Networks towards Energy Integration

This paper titled ‘Home Energy Management System (HEMS) for a domestic load center using Artificial Neural Networks towards Energy Integration’ focuses on implementing intelligent integration of Distribution Generation Systems (DGS) for domestic load. The proposed energy integration by HEMS, is executed by implementing a Load Management Algorithm (LMA), which functions based on ANN forecast models. Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques are the back bone for LMA proposed in this paper. Historical temperature data and electrical load data of a domestic load center at Municipality of Birmingham, City of Alabama, USA, is considered to implement the proposed LMA. Two subroutine programs/algorithms are designed to implement the proposed LMA. First is of implementing Load Priority Techniques, to assign Load Priority for the loads for the hour based on the temperature forecast. Temperature forecast is done using Nonlinear Auto Regression with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) ANN time series model. And this is termed as Load Priority Assignment Algorithm (LPAA). Second is of predicting Threshold Power (PTh) for the hour as per load priority assigned by LPAA, this is termed as estimation of PTh. Big data driven Nonlinear Auto Regression with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) Neural Net based temperature forecasting model is implemented and used to assign hourly priority for all the appliances/loads. Big data driven Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based load power forecasting model is implemented and used to predict hourly PTh, LMA proposed for HEMS is implemented with step by step comparison of current load demand with PTh and transferring the loads between the energy sources, according to the load priority assignment from LPAA. Proposed LMA based HEMS contributes to enhance the penetration of nonconventional DGS into domestic load sector. Simulation of proposed HEMS is implemented in MATLAB-Simulink environment using MATLAB 2018b. Simulation model is embedded into target hardware: Arduino 2560 by enabling serial communication protocols between MATLAB-SIMULINK and ARDUINO. Hence the experimental setup of HEMS would be functional to prove simulation results and to transfer the loads in real time. Working Hardware model of the HEMS at domestic load center is fabricated using simple and cost effective components such as current sensor ACS712, Arduino Mega 2560, relays and relay driver circuit.

SIMULASI DAN MONITORING KOORDINASI RECLOSER DAN SSO PADA JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI 20 KV PT. PLN (PERSERO) AREA SEMARANG PENYULANG KALISARI 07 BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560 DAN VT SCADA 11.2

Hanif Zuraida, Heru Winarno, in this article describes the simulation of protection equipment coordination systems, especially in the recloser and sectionalizer areas. Coordination between protective equipment to improve the network reliability system so that in the event of a disturbance, the area affected by the disturbance does not spread widely. The simulation tool is made using OMRON LY2N 12V relay, ULN2803 relay driver circuit, ZMCT103C current sensor, voltage divider voltage sensor, pull down, 12V 6W lamp as a load and several resistors with different resistivity values as interference. Arduino Mega 2560 is used as the central controller for the entire circuit. After the experiment, the results obtained are when the normal network current at the recloser is 0.86 A and the current at the LBS SSO1 is 0.43. The recloser and LBS SSO1 coordination lies in zone 2 and 3 disturbances. When simulated zone 2 interference, the recloser current rises to 1.28 A, causing reclose / trip to lock out recloser. When the recloser feels a fault current in zone 3 of 1.06 A and LBS SSO1 senses a current of 0.64 A. The recloser as protective equipment will open first within 1000 ms after sensing the disturbance. When the recloser opens, the voltage on the SSO will be 0 volts and the SSO will open within 1000 ms after the current and disturbance requirements are met. Then the recloser will close again after 2000 ms from the open condition.

Research and Design Voice Control Camera using Raspberry PI

Today we are building a valuable venture in which we can control the LED lights utilizing our voice through Smart Phone. In this undertaking, we will send voice directions from Smart Phone to Raspberry Pi utilizing Bluetooth Module and Raspberry Pi will get that transmitted flag remotely and will perform separate assignment over the equipment. We can supplant the LEDs with the AC home machines utilizing transfers and can fabricate a Voice Controlled Home Automation Project. This paper basically worried about the programmed voice control of light or some other home machines. It is utilized to spare the electric power and human vitality. This task is made with assistance of Raspberry Pi 3 and Relay driver circuit. The different machines are associated with the transfer circuit and the mouthpiece associated with Raspberry Pi 3. After fruitful acknowledgment of voice direction the Raspberry Pi 3 drives the comparing machines. Voice acknowledgment is created by utilizing Google API's.

MPPT based Auto Integrated Dust Control and Efficient Cooling Mechanism for Improving the Efficiency of Photovoltaic based System

Background/Objectives: It is necessary to keep the photovoltaic panels cleaned regularly to gain the maximum power output. It is inexorable that things like bird droppings, dust, pollen, leafs and mud will collect and deposit on photovoltaic modules that reduces the efficiency of these panels, by as much as 30%. This research paper presents a design and development of an automatic cooling and dust control mechanism for increasing the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The design consists of a wiper and water sprinkler mechanism connected to the solar panel through relay driver circuit and is interfaced with PIC16F72 microcontroller. The tracking of maximum power is done through incremental conductance MPP algorithm and the duty cycle of PWM output is controlled through Cuk Converter. Wiper and water sprinkler were run through motors and the driving source for motors is battery that is charged from the solar panel connected. The operation is controlled by programming PICF72 using PIC C-compiler. The experimental method involved finding the voltage and current readings of the panel output and comparing the efficiency in the power output before and after cleaning on timely basis. Findings: The experimental method involved finding the voltage and current readings of the panel output and comparing the efficiency in the power output before and after cleaning on timely basis. The wiper is programmed to move for every hour and water is sprinkled for every six hours. The results prove that by adopting Cuk Converter compared to other converters. The design also aims on providing an automatic mechanism which reduces a huge human effort and is cost effective. Results have proved that the conversion efficiency is improved up o 45%. Application/Improvement: The design also aims on providing an automatic mechanism which reduces a huge human effort and is cost effective. Results have proved that the conversion efficiency is improved up to 45%.

English

Power transformers are key components for electrical energy transfer in a Power system. In order to protect the transformers from these faults different protective methods are adopted. Some of them are differential protection, over excitation Protection, etc. In this Paper Over Voltage protection is established for the protection of the transformer. Microcontroller is used for the Power Transformer Protection as a relay. It will sense the fault Due to over voltage of about +5% and send trip signal to the relay driver circuit and the power transformer will automatically get isolated from the system. The Simulation circuit is designed in Proteus Software and analyzed successfully. The Programming is also done accordingly.

PENGENDALI PERSONAL KOMPUTER LABORATORIUM DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN BARCODE IDENTITAS MAHASISWA PADA KARTU TANDA MAHASISWA UNTUK MEMBANTU MANAJEMEN PENGGUNAAN LABORATORIUM

Student Identity Card (KTM) currently more widely used than as identification of any student, but the KTM development is expected to be used as a tool that has many functions, such as cards such as campus computer labs and perhaps as a payment card as an ATM card. Utilization KTM to access the on-campus facilities such as computers in the lab can be done by adding lines of code on the card and the barcode sensor which is used as input devices to capture lines of code. The catch line of code is then processed by using software control system switches off the personal computer on which is then used to turn on and off the computer at the laboratory according to a predetermined time. Switch on-off control system is not only a personal computer in the form of software, but also comprises a control computer and the relay driver circuit in charge of moving the switch on off personal computers. To integrate the computer controlling the relay driver circuit, used card PPI (Pheripheral Programable Interface) as interface 8255. Keywords: Personal Computer, Sensor bar codes, PPI 8255, Student Identity Card (KTM).