Relaxing Medium Research Articles

Video-On-Demand Streaming Services Subscription Antecedents and Consequences: The Uses and Gratifications Theory Approach

Introduction: This study aims to examine the impact of affective gratification, tension release, cognitive gratification, perceived risk, and viewing addiction on subscription behavior as antecedents and its consequence namely customer engagement. Background Problems: The need for satisfaction is a trigger for media use. As time passes, research on media use through use and audience gratification approaches will always be needed, so this should be carried out in the context of streaming services. Novelty: This research focuses on streaming services using the uses and gratifications theory approach. Similar research has focused on the theoretical implications of usage attitudes, but this research has implications for actual usage behavior, namely subscription behavior. Research Methods: Data have been collected using an online survey with purposive sampling and then analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings: The results suggest that only five of the 13 hypotheses proposed are supported. Companionship and cognitive gratification do not affect subscription behavior, while perceived risk did not impact subscription behavior negatively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that streaming service subscribers are more concerned with functional benefits, such as service usability, variety of content, entertainment, and relaxation media. Furthermore, the implications of this research provide benefits both theoretically and practically

Applications of intrinsic coordinates for simulation of thin shocks in relaxing media

The augmented Burgers equation that describes nonlinear propagation in a relaxing fluid can be expressed using intrinsic coordinates [Hammerton and Crighton, JFM 252, 585 (1993)]. A multivalued pressure waveform in physical coordinates can be represented as single-valued with intrinsic coordinates. Shocks can then be inserted into the multivalued pressure waveform using the equal area rule from weak shock theory to obtain a single-valued waveform solution, thus avoiding the high computational cost associated with discretizing thin shocks with conventional algorithms. By first solving the evolution equation in intrinsic coordinates, and then using the solution as the input to a conventional algorithm based on the augmented Burgers equation, a two-stage approach can be developed that achieves both high accuracy and significantly reduced computational cost when compared to solving the Burgers equation with conventional numerical algorithms alone. Approaches based on intrinsic coordinates are applied to realistic problems in relaxing media, which include air and seawater, to allow for comparisons of computational efficiency and accuracy. [WAW is supported by the ARL:UT Chester M. McKinney Graduate Fellowship in Acoustics.]

Abundant explicit and exact solutions for the space–time fractional Vakhnenko–Parkes model in the relaxing medium with stability analysis

In this work, we have considered the beta-fractional derivative form of the Vakhnenko–Parkes equation (VPE) to study its novel analytical solutions. To achieve the required new distinct traveling wave solutions, the new sub-equation method is used for the space–time fractional VPE. The dynamics of these solutions are analyzed under different parametric and fractional conditions by the graphical view. The produced wave patterns include combined bright–dark, w-shape, u-shape, v-shape, bright, propagation of two solitons, combined dark–bright, bell shape, a dark, periodic wave, breather, v-shape with two bright spots and combined anti-peakon–bright solutions. In recognizing the physical significance of the obtained wave solutions at each fraction of an interval, these solutions are highly commendable. In addition, to show the stability of the considered model, the stability analysis of the governing model is discussed by the linear stability analysis method which states the behavior of the model in the corresponding medium. These solutions are useful to study the proliferation of high-frequency waves in the relaxing medium.

Blast suppression with water barriers

The article presents the results of numerical simulation of an explosive of interaction between air blast wave and water barrier. To find the best spape of relaxation material and to evaluate the suppression degree resulted from the interaction of the blast wave with protective liquid barriers, calculations for various shapes and sizes of water barriers were provided. Keywords: high explosive blast, blast protection, shock-wave structures, relaxation media, water barrier

Abundant closed-form solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Vakhnenko-Parkes equation describing the dynamics of various solitary waves in ocean engineering

This research article is a study of the (3+1)-dimensional Vakhnenko-Parkes equation that governs the propagation of high-frequency waves in a relaxing medium. To find a variety of new analytic exact solitary wave solutions, we apply three effective schemes, such as the generalized Kudryashov method (GKM), the generalized exponential rational function method (GERFM), and the generalized Riccati equation mapping method (GREMM). Obtained solutions are crucial to understand some existing, complicated physical phenomena. Many solutions are obtained, which are expressed by the exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions, including tanh, coth, sech, csch, tan, cot, sech, csch, and their combinations. These solutions include periodic-wave solutions, kink waves, combinations of kink and multi solitons, singular solitons, singular-kink structures, and periodic solitons. The 3D and 2D plots are shown by considering the possibility of arbitrary parameters occurring in the solutions better to understand the underlying mechanisms of the stated family. The computational results of this study assure us that the proposed approaches seem useful, efficient, and reliable tools for estimating the solutions attained in the study. Moreover, the method is expected to be frequently applied to examine various types of nonlinear PDEs, which emerge in mathematical physics, ocean engineering, and science.

Novel multiple soliton and front wave solutions for the 3D-Vakhnenko–Parkes equation

The multiple exp-function technique, as an extension to Hirota’s perturbation algorithm, is employed to find N-soliton solutions of the 3D Vakhnenko–Parkes (3D-VP) equation. This is a straightforward and effective alternative method. Consequently, one- two- and three-soliton solutions besides the front wave solutions and their wave numbers are obtained, which are completely distinct from the other published literature. 3D and density plots were investigated via the help of the Maple package program by suitably choosing the free parameters in the solutions. Further, the physical meaning for these solutions is clarified. We mention that the propagation of high-frequency waves in a relaxing medium can be investigated by discussing the dynamical behavior of the obtained solutions for the 3D-VP equation.

Various forms of lumps and interaction solutions to generalized Vakhnenko Parkes equation arising from high-frequency wave propagation in electromagnetic physics

This article retrieves multiple lump, periodic cross kink, rogue wave, multiwave, breathers, M-shaped and interactional solutions for generalized Vakhnenko Parkes (gVP) equation via appropriate transformations. This leads to a transformed equation for which it is straightforward to evaluate the exact solutions. The gVP equation gives a description of high-frequency waves in the relaxation medium possessing periodic and solitary traveling wave solutions some of which are loop-like in nature. These types of solutions have been observed in wave propagations, rogue waves and many other physical systems. We also interpret some of our solutions in distinct dimensions via 3D, 2D, contours and density profiles.

Novel soliton wave solutions of the Vakhnenko–Parkes equation arising in the relaxation medium

This study checks the solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Vakhnenko–Parkes (VP) equation that was derived by Parkes in 1998 to describe the high-frequency waves’ dynamical and physical behavior in the relaxation medium. The solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear VP model are computationally investigated by implementing the Khater II method. Many soliton solutions are constructed and represented in some distinct graphs. The stability property of these solutions is also investigated. All obtained solutions’ accuracy is checked by putting them back into the original model by employing Mathematica 12. The method's performance shows its effectiveness, power, and ability to handle some nonlinear evolution equations.

Coherent control and creation of population gratings for a pair of attosecond pulses in a resonant medium based on one-dimensional rectangular quantum wells

Attosecond pulses can be used to create and control coherence in resonant media, since their duration is shorter than the population relaxation times T1 and medium polarization T2. Previously, the possibility of creating and ultrafast control of electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIG) of atomic populations in a resonant medium was shown using a sequence of extremely short light pulses, when the pulses coherently interact with the medium and do not simultaneously overlap in the medium. These studies were carried out in various approximations, when a finite number of energy levels of the medium is taken into account, or when the pulse amplitude is small. In this paper, based on a direct numerical solution of the time dependent Schredinger equation without the indicated approximations, we study the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of populations and the creation of an EMIG by a pair of attosecond pulses in a multilevel resonant medium with a low density of particles. The medium is modeled using a one-dimensional rectangular potential well with infinitely high walls. The studies performed show the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of the properties of resonant media based on quantum wells using attosecond pulses. Keywords: electromagnetically induced gratings, coherent interaction, extremely short pulses, unipolar pulses, attosecond pulses, medium coherence.

New Breather and Multiple-Wave Soliton Dynamics for Generalized Vakhnenko–Parkes Equation With Variable Coefficients

Abstract In investigation is the generalized Vakhnenko–Parkes equation with time-dependent coefficients, which is a new nonlinear model connecting to high-frequency wave propagation in relaxing media with variable perturbations. An extended Hirota bilinear method is proposed to construct soliton, breather, and multiple-wave soliton solutions for the equation. Our research shows that the soliton solutions can degenerate into existing single soliton solutions while the breather and multiple-wave soliton solutions are first obtained. By utilizing the two free functions involved in the solutions, the dynamics of some novel excited breathers and multiple-wave solitons are demonstrated. Our results confirm that the generalized Vakhnenko–Parkes equation possesses rich solution structures and interesting dynamical features, which may be depict various nonlinear wave behaviors of high-frequency waves.

Diagnosing of the presence of liquid inclusions in the gas pipelines

Due to the insufficiently effective gas drying in preparing it for further transport on the main pipeline in the composition of the gas remains a sufficient amount of fluid. The presence of liquid inclusions in the transported streams causes a nonequilibrium behavior of such systems, which is not taken into account in traditional calculation methods and increases the calculation error. Therefore, to select an adequate transfer mode, it is necessary to diagnose the internal structure of natural gas systems, which is the main task of studying this article. In working on the basis of a generalized model of motion of the relaxation medium in the pipeline by the introduction of the equation of the state for nonequilibrium gases, the calculated ratios are obtained to estimate the hydraulic and nonequilibrium parameters of the gas flow. In order to numerically implement these relations, a computational algorithm was drawn up and on the basis of the operational data of the actual gas pipeline obtained appropriate estimates. The results of the calculations were shown that both the density and the pressure relaxation times are rather significant. This indicates the presence of liquid inclusions in the transport stream. Thus, the authors proposed a numerically implemented procedure for diagnosing the presence of liquid inclusions in natural gases, which can be recommended for the use of services engaged in the operation of main gas pipelines. Keywords: natural gas; gas pipeline; liquid inclusions; model; diagnostics.

Abundant breather and semi-analytical investigation: On high-frequency waves’ dynamics in the relaxation medium

This paper investigates the high-frequency waves’ dynamical behavior in the relaxation medium through two recent analytical schemes. This study depends on the Vakhnenko–Parkes (VP) equation that has been reduced from the well-known Ostrovsky equation. The modified Khater (MKhat) and the extended simplest equation (ESE) methods are used to handle the considered model. As a result, many novel solitary wave solutions have been obtained to construct the initial and boundary conditions. These conditions allow employing the variational iteration (VI) method to study the semi-analytical solutions of the considered model. The accuracy of solutions is explained along with showing the matching between analytical and semi-analytical solutions and comparing our obtained solutions with the previous results that have been obtained in published research papers. Moreover, the high-frequency waves’ behavior relaxation medium is illustrated through some distinct sketches. The methods’ performance shows their effectiveness, direct, easy, and consequential for studying many nonlinear evolution equations.

Intrinsic coordinates algorithm for efficient simulation of weak-shock propagation in relaxing media

An algorithm based on intrinsic coordinates is presented for calculating the propagation of a weak shock starting with an arbitrary initial waveform in a fluid with multiple relaxation mechanisms. Use of intrinsic coordinates avoids discretization of thin shocks, allowing for more efficient simulation.

Multi-wave, breather and interaction solutions to (3+1) dimensional Vakhnenko–Parkes equation arising at propagation of high-frequency waves in a relaxing medium

In this study, based on the Hirota bilinear form, the exact analytic solutions of the (3 + 1) dimensional Vakhnenko–Parkes equation with various physical properties were constructed with the help of the Maple package program and symbolic computation. These solutions are the type of multi-waves, breather wave, lump–kink, lump–periodic solutions and interaction solutions (between lump and hyperbolic wave solutions). The constructed solutions have expanded and enriched the solution forms of this new model existing in the literature. By means of Maple package program, 3D and 2D graphs were drawn for the special choices of the parameters in the solutions, and the physical structures of the solutions obtained in this way were also observed. The solutions obtained can be used in the explanation of physical phenomena occurring in the propagation of high-frequency waves in a relaxing medium.

New types of exact solutions of high-frequency waves model in the relaxation medium

In this article, based on the extended fan-expansion method, novel soliton wave solutions of the Vakhnenko-Parkes equation are constructed. The stable property of the obtained analytical solutions is tested by implementing the Hamiltonian system's characterizations. The applied method is effective and applicable for many problems of non-linear PDE in mathematical physics.

Modified Vakhnenko–Parkes equation with power law nonlinearity: Painlevé analysis, analytic solutions and conservation laws

The Vakhnenko equation governs the propagation of high-frequency waves in a relaxation medium. The Painleve analysis of modified Vakhnenko–Parkes equation is performed by using the Kruskal approach. The Lie symmetry formalism is also applied to derive symmetries of generalised modified Vakhnenko–Parkes equation with power law nonlinearity. The exact solutions of this equation are obtained in the form of power series; and other explicit exact solutions in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic and Jacobi elliptic functions are obtained for modified Vakhnenko–Parkes equation. The bright soliton solutions of generalised modified Vakhnenko–Parkes equation are also obtained. The conservation laws are obtained with the help of multiplier approach. The 3D plots and contour plots are shown by considering the possibilities of arbitrary function occurring in the solutions.

Excited solitons, breathers and periodic waves for a short pulse equation with time-dependent coefficients in relaxing media

In this study, the attention is focused on the excitation of Vakhnenko–Parkes (VP) equation with time-dependent coefficients, which can describe the short pulse wave propagation in relaxing media with variable perturbations. Hirota bilinear method is employed to construct three types of analytical solutions, namely, soliton, breather and periodic wave solutions. By utilizing the two free functions involved in the solutions, abundant excited patterns are revealed for the equation. Several examples are taken to demonstrate the novel effects of excited solitons, breathers and periodic waves.

On the evolution equation for finite amplitude sound in relaxing media

The evolution equation for finite amplitude acoustic waves in a relaxing medium is usually analyzed approximately or numerically. Attempts to find exact solutions to that equation using different approaches including classical and non-classical symmetries and conservation laws are described in this work. All obtained solutions are essentially non-limited in the space coordinate, and this fact had led to the proposition that validity of the initial equation in the general case should be revised. A correction of the evolution equation is proposed in the present work, and solutions in the form of weak shocks are derived for different boundary conditions.

The effectiveness of gamelan therapy on depression levels in chronic kidney failure patients

The effect of depression on human behavior have been widely recognized in chronic kidney failure patients who undergoing hemodialysis. There was some depression technique management which could be applied. It could be a pharmacological or non-pharmacological technique. One of the complementary non-pharmacological therapy are Javanese gamelan therapy. This research reduced depression level with Javanese gamelan therapy in chronic kidney failure patients' who undergo hemodialysis at RSUD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang. It was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-post-test without control group. The research was administered during March-May 2019 with 30 respondents taken as sample using the total sampling technique. The research on 30 respondents showed that p-value=0.00, <α=0.05, so that Ha was accepted, and Ho rejected. There is significant Javanese gamelan therapy on level depression reducing chronic kidney failure patients' who undergo hemodialysis at RSUD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang. Javanese gamelan therapy may help in naturally maintains heart health and controlling normal blood pressure using music as relaxation medium.

ATP1A3-Disease Mutations at the Ion Binding Sites Unravel Sequential Release of Na+ in the HNA+/K+ ATPase Alpha 3

The Na+/K+ATPase uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to export 3Na+ from the cell and import 2K+. During the transport cycle the ions are temporarily occluded within the protein before being release to the opposite site. Crystal structure analysis have identified three ion binding sites (in which the ions are occluded) within the transmembrane region of the protein named I, II and III. Sites I and II are almost identical for Na+ and two K+ and site site III is exclusive for Na+. Mutations in the ATP1A3 gene, are associated to several neurological disorders of increasing severity including cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS), fever-induced paroxysmal weakness and encephalopathy (FIPWE), rapid dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). The location of the mutation seems to have a crucial role on the disease severity as mutations targeting residues contributing to the coordination of the ions or near the ion binding sites including many AHC mutations tend to associate with a more severe phenotype compared to the cytoplasmic mutations linked to the CAPOS and FIPWE syndromes. Previously we showed that by studying Na+-mediated pre-steady state kinetics of the human Na+/K+ATPase alpha 3 currents we could identify three components of relaxation (fast, medium and slow) representing the sequential binding/release and occlusion/deocclusion of each Na+. Here, we use known and newly identified ATP1A3 mutations directly involved or near the proposed Na+ binding sites to determine whether we can assign relaxation components with specific binding sites. At the same time, by characterizing many ATP1A3 we expect to identify key features in the mutant pumps that could help us to better understand the molecular mechanism behind the phenotypical variability observed in patients.