Relative Translation Research Articles

Investigating Object Translation in Room-scale, Handheld Virtual Reality.

Handheld devices have become an inclusive alternative to head-mounted displays in virtual reality (VR) environments, enhancing accessibility and allowing cross-device collaboration. Object manipulation techniques in 3D space with handheld devices, such as those in handheld augmented reality (AR), have been typically evaluated in table-top scale and we currently lack an understanding of how these techniques perform in larger scale environments. We conducted two studies, each with 30 participants, to investigate how different techniques impact usability and performance for room-scale handheld VR object translations. We compared three translation techniques that are similar to commonly studied techniques in handheld AR: 3DSlide, VirtualGrasp, and Joystick. We also examined the effects of target size, target distance, and user mobility conditions (stationary vs. moving). Results indicated that the Joystick technique, which allowed translation in relation to the user's perspective, was the fastest and most preferred, without difference in precision. Our findings provide insights for designing room-scale handheld VR systems, with potential implications for mixed reality systems involving handheld devices.

Effects of translation misalignment on ion optics with slit apertures

For ion thrusters, the deflection of the ion beam caused by the relative translation of the grids is one of the primary factors limiting the erosion lifetime of the ion optical system. A two-dimensional (2D) simulation package of the ion optic system is developed to investigate the ion sputtering corrosion due to grid translation misalignment. For benchmark cases, the 2D simulation package shows a reasonable consistency compared to the experimental method in ion beam deflection angle and drain-to-beam current ratio, indicating the effectiveness of the simulation package. The deviation between the simulated deflection angle and the experimental value is within 8.86%. Furthermore, this 2D package is employed to analyze the variation patterns of ion beam, ion collection, and the distribution of ion sputtering rates caused by grid translation. The simulation results indicate that the ion beam deflection occurs in the direction opposite to grid translation. The number of ions collected at different positions on the acceleration grid shows different tendencies. Only the upstream surface Sy− and the aperture surface Sx+ will be subjected to energetic ion impingement. The sputtering of energetic ions on these two surfaces becomes the dominant factor limiting the grid’s ion corrosion lifetime when the grid translation is significant. The sputtering rate of energetic ions can exceed that of charge exchange (CEX) ions by more than 10 times. The proportion of the region where energetic ions contribute to sputtering expands with increasing grid misalignment, reaching up to 52.5% on surface Sx+. Additionally, the downstream surface Sy+ and the aperture surface Sx− are only subjected to CEX ion sputtering regardless of grid translation. Moreover, the CEX ion sputtering regions on surfaces Sx− and Sx+ expand as the grid misalignment distance increases. The peak in the ion sputtering rate distribution profile on surface Sy+ becomes more prominent due to grid translation, with the sputtering rate at the peak position reaching approximately 1.65 times that of the surrounding lower-rate regions. The analysis of the electric field indicates that local electric field variations caused by grid misalignment are the underlying reason for the ion erosion characteristics.

ʿAbd al-Mājid Daryābādī’s Tafsir-ul-Quran and the daʿwalogy of Abū’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī Nadwī

Beginning especially in the early twentieth century, Qur'an translation emerged as a major facet of modern Islamic daʿwa (‘“inviting” to Islam’, or ‘Islamic mission’). With the increasing availability of new translations and commentaries as the century progressed, Muslim leaders often found themselves asked for, or simply offering, recommendations about which Qur'an translations were most suitable for different purposes. This article examines the case of one such recommendation: Sayyid Abū’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī Nadwī's endorsement of ʿAbd al-Mājid Daryābādī's early twentieth-century English translation-commentary, Tafsir-ul-Quran. In so doing, it sheds lights on Qur'an translation in relation to modern daʿwa and, more precisely, on how a thinker's ‘ daʿwalogy’ (Islamic missionary theology) might influence his or her translation and commentary preferences. Through a historical contextualisation of Daryābādī and Nadwī, along with close readings of the former's English Qur'an translation-commentary and the latter's endorsement, the article argues that Nadwī's endorsement of Daryābādī not only provides a useful window into Nadwī's – and by extension, Daryābādī's – daʿwalogy, but also that Nadwī's daʿwalogy helps to explain why he endorsed Daryābādī's translation-commentary in the first place. In studying this case, the article illustrates significant linkages between daʿwa, Qur'an translation, networks of Muslim thinkers, and rising inter-religious competition in the late-colonial period and beyond.

Mechanical force regulates ligand binding and function of PD-1.

Despite the success of PD-1 blockade in cancer therapy, how PD-1 initiates signaling remains unclear. Soluble PD-L1 is found in patient sera and can bind PD-1 but fails to suppress T cell function. Here, we show that PD-1 function is reduced when mechanical support on ligand is removed. Mechanistically, cells exert forces to PD-1 and prolong bond lifetime at forces <7 pN (catch bond) while accelerate dissociation at forces >8pN (slip bond). Molecular dynamics of PD-1-PD-L2 complex suggests force may cause relative rotation and translation between the two molecules yielding distinct atomic contacts not observed in the crystal structure. Compared to wild-type, PD-1 mutants targeting the force-induced distinct interactions maintain the same binding affinity but suppressed/eliminated catch bond, lowered rupture force, and reduced inhibitory function. Our results uncover a mechanism for cells to probe the mechanical support of PD-1-PD-Ligand bonds using endogenous forces to regulate PD-1 signaling.

Analyzing strain localization of Chang'E-5 lunar regolith through discrete element analysis

The current understanding of the geotechnical behavior of lunar in-situ resources, particularly lunar regolith (LR), is significantly limited due to its scarcity. To address this gap, this research utilized the morphological characteristics of LR particles obtained from the Chang'E-5 (CE-5) mission to construct numerical simulants using the discrete element method (DEM). This approach was then employed to investigate the mechanical properties of LR. Firstly, high-definition lunar particle images from the CE-5 mission were selected to capture the morphological characteristics and grain size distribution. These morphological characteristics were linked with the rolling resistance parameter and incorporated into the three-dimensional (3D) micromechanical contact model. Additionally, a flexible boundary condition was employed in the triaxial simulation to ensure the evolution of strain localization. The relative particle translation gradient (RPTG) concept was utilized to capture the onset and development of strain localization during the shear process. The results indicated that the numerical lunar simulants can effectively reproduce the mechanical response of LR. Furthermore, at the particle scale, particle shape characteristics play a crucial role in particle rotation and translation during the shear process. This study may establish a foundation for lunar resource exploration and utilization techniques.

The Relevance of Family Language Policy in Germany and Italy in the Development of Child Bilingualism: The Role of Natural Translation

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of natural translation in heritage speakers’ bilingual communication in relation to the family language policies (FLP) adopted to maintain heritage language in Italian and German multilingual families. In order to investigate this, in spring 2023, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to both parents and children. The sample consists of 60 Russian-speaking bilingual HS living in Italy and Germany, where they have access to regular primary education and attend, in some cases, private Russian courses or schools. The informants do not receive specific translation training from or into the Russian language (they only practice translation at school from or into Italian/German), and they translate, in most cases, as an occasional activity, closer to the function of mediation or brokering. The role of translation in relation to FLP seems particularly relevant when comparing the two samples, considering different family compositions: mostly bi-ethnic in Italy and mono-ethnic in Germany. The survey showed that in daily life, both parents and children use translation, often as a specific kind of bilingual communication. In the Italian part of the sample, the strategy called OPOL prevails, and translation is a frequent activity in the domestic sphere. In the German one, instead, the separation of language use contexts is widespread, and all family members speak both Russian and German, making translation activity less relevant.

Data mining based on computer game search algorithm in Japanese E-learning and multi context translation

With the continuous expansion of the translation market, users’ demand for translation tools such as computer software is also increasing, resulting in various machine translation technologies and methods. Japanese translation, as one of the important components of Chinese publicity work, has strong professionalism and complexity. In practice, how to effectively improve the translation quality of Japanese translation models using computer technology has always been a research issue of great concern. Based on this, we propose a game search algorithm and use it as a prototype to improve the algorithm. Then, a data mining model was established that can effectively improve search performance. This model solves the above problems by introducing genetic algorithms and dynamic programming theory. At the same time, in order to further improve the efficiency of existing data mining algorithms, we need to explore more efficient methods and strategies. After experimental verification, the four data mining models proposed in this article perform the best in numerical fitting. Overall, in Japanese multi context translation systems, the use of data mining techniques based on computer game search algorithms can provide more accurate and matching related translations. Compared to traditional Japanese translation software, it has higher quality and efficiency.

Simulation and design of isostatic thick origami structures

Thick origami structures are considered here as assemblies of polygonal panels hinged to each other along their edges according to a corresponding origami crease pattern. The determination of the internal actions in equilibrium with the external loads in such structures is not an easy task, owing to their high degree of static indeterminacy, and the likelihood of unwanted self-balanced internal actions induced by manufacturing imperfections. Here, we present a method for reducing the degree of static indeterminacy which can be applied to several thick origami structures to make them isostatic. The method utilizes sliding hinges, which allow relative translation along the hinge axis, to replace conventional hinges. After giving the analytical description of both types of hinges and describing a rigid folding simulation procedure based on the integration of the exponential map, we present the static analysis of a series of noteworthy examples based on the Miura-ori pattern, the Yoshimura pattern, and the Kresling pattern. Our method, based on kinematic-static duality, provides a novel design paradigm that can be applied for the design and realization of thick origami structures with adequate strength to resist external actions.

Exploring the Gap: The Challenge of Achieving Human-like Generalization for Concept-based Translation Instruction Using Large Language Models

Our study utilizes concept description instructions and few-shot learning examples to examine the effectiveness of a large language model (GPT-4) in generating Chinese-to-English translations that embody related translation concepts. We discovered that human language experts possess superior abductive reasoning skills compared to GPT-4. Therefore, it is crucial for humans to employ abductive reasoning to craft more detailed instructions and infuse additional logic into exemplary prompts, a step essential for guiding a large language model effectively, in contrast to the more intuitive understanding a human expert might have. This approach would make the prompt engineering process more complicated and less human-like. Emphasizing domain-specific abductive reasoning stands out as a crucial aspect of human-like learning that AI/ML systems based on large language models should aim to replicate.

Intra-Examiner Reliability and Validity of Sagittal Cervical Spine Mensuration Methods Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

Background: The biomechanical analysis of spine and postural misalignments is important for surgical and non-surgical treatment of spinal pain. We investigated the examiner reliability of sagittal cervical alignment variables compared to the reliability and concurrent validity of computer vision algorithms used in the PostureRay® software 2024. Methods: A retrospective database of 254 lateral cervical radiographs of patients between the ages of 11 and 86 is studied. The radiographs include clearly visualized C1-C7 vertebrae that were evaluated by a human using the software. To evaluate examiner reliability and the concurrent validity of the trained CNN performance, two blinded trials of radiographic digitization were performed by an extensively trained expert user (US) clinician with a two-week interval between trials. Then, the same clinician used the trained CNN twice to reproduce the same measures within a 2-week interval on the same 254 radiographs. Measured variables included segmental angles as relative rotation angles (RRA) C1-C7, Cobb angles C2-C7, relative segmental translations (RT) C1-C7, anterior translation C2-C7, and absolute rotation angle (ARA) C2-C7. Data were remotely extracted from the examiner's PostureRay® system for data collection and sorted based on gender and stratification of degenerative changes. Reliability was assessed via intra-class correlations (ICC), root mean squared error (RMSE), and R2 values. Results: In comparing repeated measures of the CNN network to itself, perfect reliability was found for the ICC (1.0), RMSE (0), and R2 (1). The reliability of the trained expert US was in the excellent range for all variables, where 12/18 variables had ICCs ≥ 0.9 and 6/18 variables were 0.84 ≤ ICCs ≤ 0.89. Similarly, for the expert US, all R2 values were in the excellent range (R2 ≥ 0.7), and all RMSEs were small, being 0.42 ≤ RMSEs ≤ 3.27. Construct validity between the expert US and the CNN network was found to be in the excellent range with 18/18 ICCs in the excellent range (ICCs ≥ 0.8), 16/18 R2 values in the strong to excellent range (R2 ≥ 0.7), and 2/18 in the good to moderate range (R2 RT C6/C7 = 0.57 and R2 Cobb C6/C7 = 0.64. The RMSEs for expert US vs. the CNN network were small, being 0.37 ≤ RMSEs ≤ 2.89. Conclusions: A comparison of repeated measures within the computer vision CNN network and expert human found exceptional reliability and excellent construct validity when comparing the computer vision to the human observer.

A standard form for scattered linearized polynomials and properties of the related translation planes

In this paper, we present results concerning the stabilizer Gf\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$G_f$$\\end{document} in GL(2,qn)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\,\\mathrm{{GL}}\\,}}(2,q^n)$$\\end{document} of the subspace Uf={(x,f(x)):x∈Fqn}\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$U_f=\\{(x,f(x)):x\\in \\mathbb {F}_{q^n}\\}$$\\end{document}, f(x) a scattered linearized polynomial in Fqn[x]\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathbb {F}_{q^n}[x]$$\\end{document}. Each Gf\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$G_f$$\\end{document} contains the q-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$q-1$$\\end{document} maps (x,y)↦(ax,ay)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(x,y)\\mapsto (ax,ay)$$\\end{document}, a∈Fq∗\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$a\\in \\mathbb {F}_{q}^*$$\\end{document}. By virtue of the results of Beard (Duke Math J, 39:313–321, 1972) and Willett (Duke Math J 40(3):701–704, 1973), the matrices in Gf\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$G_f$$\\end{document} are simultaneously diagonalizable. This has several consequences: (i) the polynomials such that |Gf|>q-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|G_f|>q-1$$\\end{document} have a standard form of type ∑j=0n/t-1ajxqs+jt\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sum _{j=0}^{n/t-1}a_jx^{q^{s+jt}}$$\\end{document} for some s and t such that (s,t)=1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(s,t)=1$$\\end{document}, t>1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$t>1$$\\end{document} a divisor of n; (ii) this standard form is essentially unique; (iii) for n>2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$n>2$$\\end{document} and q>3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$q>3$$\\end{document}, the translation plane Af\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {A}_f$$\\end{document} associated with f(x) admits nontrivial affine homologies if and only if |Gf|>q-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|G_f|>q-1$$\\end{document}, and in that case those with axis through the origin form two groups of cardinality (qt-1)/(q-1)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(q^t-1)/(q-1)$$\\end{document} that exchange axes and coaxes; (iv) no plane of type Af\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {A}_f$$\\end{document}, f(x) a scattered polynomial not of pseudoregulus type, is a generalized André plane.

Predicting Vehicle Pose in Six Degrees of Freedom from Single Image in Real-World Traffic Environments Using Deep Pretrained Convolutional Networks and Modified Centernet

Abstract The study focuses on intelligent driving, emphasizing the importance of recognizing nearby vehicles and estimating their positions using visual input from a single image. It employs transfer learning techniques, integrating deep convolutional networks’ features into a modified CenterNet model for six-degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) vehicle position estimation. To address the vanishing gradient problem, the model incorporates simultaneous double convolutional blocks with skip connections. Utilizing the ApolloCar3D dataset, which surpasses KITTI in comprehensiveness, the study evaluates pretrained models’ performance using mean average precision (mAP). The recommended model, Center-DenseNet201, achieves a mAP of 11.82% for relative translation thresholds (A3DP-Rel) and 39.92% for absolute translation thresholds (A3DP-Abs). These findings highlight the effectiveness of pretrained models in the modified architecture, enhancing vehicle posture prediction accuracy from single images. The research contributes to autonomous vehicle development, fostering safer and more efficient navigation systems in real-world traffic scenarios.

Conceptualizing ‘Chinese surrealism’ through translation: a case study of the China independent fine arts association’s cultural identity and its translation of surrealism in 1930s

ABSTRACT This paper examines the questions of cultural identity in the surrealist related translation practices led by the China Independent Fine Arts Association (CIFAA) around 1935. It was the first time in the history of modern Chinese art that a group of artists translated ‘surrealism’ together and that an art association independently translated a modern Western art genre into China. Accordingly, the CIFAA’s work evidences that translation has played a vital role in the modernization of Chinese art. In this translation movement, the young artists-as-translators expressed their pioneering art concepts through translation, expressing their desire to be both ‘reformers’ of Chinese art and ‘mediators’ of Chinese and Western modern art. As reformers, the artists attempted to innovate Chinese art by introducing surrealism, while as mediators they sought to reconcile the contradiction between their desire for innovation and the mainstream left-wing Chinese expectations of realistic art by adding ‘realism’ to the Chinese semantic meaning of ‘surrealism’. This paper thus argues that the CIFAA’s translation of surrealism reflects a complex relationship between translation and the artists’ cultural identity, which ultimately conceptualizing an unprecedented ‘Chinese surrealism’ that is very different from the original Western surrealism.

Abstract 2846: Investigation of mechanisms that result in health disparity for Hispanic/Latino patients with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract Although social determinants of health have a large impact on health disparity, biologic vulnerabilities - particularly in cancers that impact at-risk populations are important. Amongst children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), the Hispanic/Latino (H/L) population is vulnerable given since the risk of developing ALL is 1.2-1.75 that of Non-Hispanic White children. After corrections for socioeconomic impacts, the mortality for H/L children is 40% higher than NHW. H/L children have a higher rate of high-risk genetic variations: 2-fold rate of heterozygous IKZF1 deletion (IKZF1-del) and a 4-fold rate of CRLF2 translocation. IKZF1 deletion and CRLF2 translocations are associated increased risk of relapse and chemotherapy resistance in B ALL. IKZF1 is an important transcriptional factor and epigenetic regulator that affects global gene transcription in hematopoietic cells. Simultaneous IKZF1-del and CRLF2 translocation represented 94% of H/L children with CRLF2 translocation. Although only 49% of all H/L patients with IKZF1-del had a CRLF2 translocation. Transcriptomics were analyzed for 42 H/L and 18 NHW patient samples using RNAseq. Gene expression from H/L patients was compared to expression in NHW patients and differentially expressed genes were analyzed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed downregulation of processes responsible for genome maintenance including DNA replication, DNA templated transcription elongation, double strand break repair, and recombinational repair. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed upregulated pathways in stress related translation, histone deacetylases, interferon, and FLT3 signaling compared to NWH. H/L specimens resulted in decreased expression for FGF pathways, ceramide, and FAK signaling. We performed the same analysis in H/L and NHW with wildtype IKZF1 to compare these two population without high risk structural variants. GSEA analysis showed downregulated Intra S DNA Damage checkpoint signaling, DNA replication checkpoint signaling, glutamine amino acid synthesis, and aspartate amino acid synthesis. IPA showed upregulated interferon, histone deacetylases, TREM1 signaling, and Tec Kinase signaling. IPA showed downregulated Ephrin and CDK5 signaling. DNA methylation patterns were compared between 8 H/L and 8 NWH B ALL samples which showed differential methylation patterns affecting multiple cancer relevant genes.In conclusion, these data represent biologic vulnerability in H/L patients with B ALL in comparison to NWH regardless of high-risk genetic variants. H/L B-ALL shows deregulated maintenance of the genome via replication and repair pathways as well as potential vulnerabilities related to regulation of glutamate/aspartate synthesis. These findings give insight into potential mechanisms that can explain increased frequency of high-risk genetic variants in H/L B ALL. Citation Format: Joseph W. Schramm, Bing He, Yali Ding, Chingakham Singh, Daniel Bogush, Katarina Dovat, Diwakar Bastihalli Tukaramrao, Riya Bhalodia, Sinisa Dovat. Investigation of mechanisms that result in health disparity for Hispanic/Latino patients with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2846.

Inverse Calculation and Regularization Process for the Solar Aspect System (SAS) of HXI Payload on ASO-S Spacecraft

For the ASO-S/HXI payload, the accuracy of the flare reconstruction is reliant on important factors such as the alignment of the dual grating and the precise measurement of observation orientation. To guarantee optimal functionality of the instrument throughout its life cycle, the Solar Aspect System (SAS) is imperative to ensure that measurements are accurate and reliable. This is achieved by capturing the target motion and utilizing a physical model-based inversion algorithm. However, the SAS optical system’s inversion model is a typical ill-posed inverse problem due to its optical parameters, which results in small target sampling errors triggering unacceptable shifts in the solution. To enhance inversion accuracy and make it more robust against observation errors, we suggest dividing the inversion operation into two stages based on the SAS spot motion model. First, the as-rigid-as-possible (ARAP) transformation algorithm calculates the relative rotations and an intermediate variable between the substrates. Second, we solve an inversion linear equation for the relative translation of the substrates, the offset of the optical axes, and the observation orientation. To address the ill-posed challenge, the Tikhonov method grounded on the discrepancy criterion and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method founded on the Bayesian framework are utilized. The simulation results exhibit that the ARAP method achieves a solution with a rotational error of roughly ±3.″5 (1/2-quantile); both regularization techniques are successful in enhancing the stability of the solution, the variance of error in the MAP method is even smaller—it achieves a translational error of approximately ±18 μm (1/2-quantile) in comparison to the Tikhonov method’s error of around ±24 μm (1/2-quantile). Furthermore, the SAS practical application data indicates the method’s usability in this study. Lastly, this paper discusses the intrinsic interconnections between the regularization methods.

Effect of Posterior Tibial Slope on Outcomes After Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) leads to a relative anterior translation of the tibia on the femur. This is thought to decrease the stress on posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction (PCLR) grafts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of PTS on knee laxity, graft failure, and patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores after PCLR without concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). It was hypothesized that patients with higher PTS would have less knee laxity, fewer graft failures, and better PROs compared with patients with lower PTS. Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. All patients who underwent PCLR between 2001 and 2020 at a single institution were identified. Patients were excluded if they underwent concomitant or prior ACLR or proximal tibial osteotomy, were younger than 18 years, had <2 years of in-person clinical follow-up, and did not have documented PRO scores (Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score). Data were collected retrospectively from a prospectively gathered database. PTS measurements were recorded from perioperative lateral knee radiographs. A linear regression model was created to analyze PTS in relation to PRO scores. Patients with a grade 1 (1-5 mm) or higher posterior drawer were compared with those who had a negative posterior drawer. A total of 37 knees met inclusion criterion; the mean age was 30.7 years at the time of surgery. The mean clinical follow-up was 5.8 years. No significant correlation was found between either the Lysholm score or the IKDC score and the PTS. Twelve knees (32.4%) had a positive posterior drawer at final follow-up. The mean PTS in knees with a positive posterior drawer was 6.2°, whereas that for knees with a negative posterior drawer was 8.3° (P = .08). No significant differences in PRO scores were identified for knees with versus knees without a positive posterior drawer. No documented graft failures or revisions were found. No significant differences were found in PROs or graft failure rates based on PTS at a mean of 5.8 years after PCLR. Increased tibial slope trended toward being protective against a positive posterior drawer, although this did not reach statistical significance.

A Brief Analysis of the Requirements for College English Translation (CET) Teaching in CET Translation Assessment

After the reform of Chinese English Test (CET) in 2013, the translation part was changed from single-sentence translation to paragraph translation, which increased the difficulty for both students and teachers obviously. The new translation test not only tests students&amp;apos; language application ability, but also requires them to be more aware of hot topics and vocabulary in Chinese history, culture, politics and economy, etc. In the meantime, The difficulty of the sentence structure and the translation of the logical relations between sentences have also been greatly increased. At least one or two long complicated sentences are included in each year’s translation test, which require advanced English ability to accomplish. It not only puts higher requirements on students, but also brings greater challenges to the teaching work of college English teachers. By summarizing the main points of translation assessment in recent years and combining with the analysis of the current situation of college English translation teaching, this paper, guided by reform and problem-oriented, puts forward new strategies from aspects of enlarging vocabulary, handling sentence structure, handwriting and more practices for college English translation teaching that adapt to the reform, hoping to better educate and guide students&amp;apos; translation learning, improve students’ translation ability and pass the test successfully.

Insight into the stacking effect on shifted patterns of bilayer phosphorene: a comprehensive first-principles study

It is crucial to deeply understand how the interlayer interaction acts on controlling the structural and electronic properties of shifted patterns of bilayer phosphorene. A comprehensive first-principles study on the bilayer phosphorene through relative translation along different directions has revealed that there is a direct correlation between the potential energy surface and the interlayer equilibrium distance. The shorter the interlayer distance, the lower the potential energy surface. The shifted patterns with the most stable state, the metastable state, and the transition state (with energy barrier of ∼1.3 meV/atom) were found associated with the AB, the Aδ, and the TS stacking configurations, respectively. The high energy barriers, on the other hand, are ∼9.3 meV/atom at the AA stacking configuration along the zigzag pathway, ∼5.3 meV/atom at the AB′ stacking configuration along the armchair pathway, and ∼11.2 meV/atom at the AA′ stacking configuration along the diagonal pathway, respectively. The character of electronic bandgap with respect to the shifting shows an anisotropic behavior (with the value of 0.69–1.22 eV). A transition from the indirect to the direct bandgap occurs under the shifting, implying a tunable bandgap by stacking engineering. Furthermore, the orbital hybridization at the interfacial region induces a redistribution of the net charge (∼0.002–0.011 e) associated with the relative shifting between layers, leading to a strong polarization with stripe-like electron depletion near the lone pairs and accumulation in the middle of the interfacial region. It is expected that such interesting findings will provide a fundamental reference to deeply understand and analyze the complex local structural and electronic properties of twisted bilayer phosphorene and will make the shifted patterns of bilayer phosphorene promising for nanoelectronics as versatile shiftronics materials.

Problems encountered in the translation of Tshivenḓa into English: a case of musanda language terminologies and expressions

Translators encounter challenges when translating terminologies and expressions of the musanda royal language from Tshivenḓa into English. For this reason, it is important to investigate the obstacles Tshivenḓa translators encounter when translating expressions into English. It is commonly believed that there is generally a lack of equivalent terms for Tshivenḓa when translating them into English. The aim of this article is to investigate how cross-cultural practices shape translation in relation to musanda terminologies and expressions. Thus, it is important to come up with translation techniques that could be adopted to overcome these obstacles. Unstructured face-to-face interviews were used as data collection tools for this study. The participants were 18 language practitioners, members of the royal families and postgraduate students from the University of South Africa, University of Limpopo and University of Venda who were selected purposively. This study used the qualitative research approach. The Skopos theory was applied in understanding translating the musanda variety into English. This theory was useful because it looks at translation with a purpose. Textual analysis was used as a data analysis method. The qualitative findings show that language practitioners, members of the royal families and postgraduate students encounter difficulties in translating musanda terminologies and expressions from Tshivenḓa into English.

One-dimensional synthetic waterborne phononic crystals

Underwater acoustics has wide applications in underwater communication, underwater positioning, underwater navigation, and so on. Inspired by the concept of topological physics, the study of topological states in waterborne phononic crystals provides a brand-new way for innovatively controlling underwater waves, which has both basic research value and important application prospects. In this work, we design a one-dimensional bilayer iron grid waterborne phononic crystal to realize a synthetic two-dimensional Dirac point by considering the relative lateral translation between the two layers as a synthetic dimension. Through changing the relative lateral translation, the double degenerate band opens a gap, which is characterized by the valley Chern number. As the band gap opens, closes and reopens, the bulk band undergoes a band inversion, that is, a topological phase transition from one valley topological phase to another. At the interface formed by two phononic crystals with distinct valley topological phases, the valley Chen number ensures the deterministic existence of the interface state. Experimental measurements are in good agreement with numerical simulations, both showing the bulk bands of waterborne phononic crystals at different valley topological phases and the interface state dispersion between them. The waterborne phononic crystal proposed in this work has a simple structure. With the help of the concept of synthetic dimension, it provides an effective way to study the topological properties of high-dimensional systems in low-dimensional real space systems, and gives new ideas for designing topological functional underwater acoustic devices. In addition, we can expand the real space system to two or even three dimensions, and introduce more synthetic dimensions to study the topological states and associated transport characteristics of higher-dimensional systems.