Relative Signs Research Articles

Cubic interactions for massless and partially massless spin-1 and spin-2 fields

We perform a complete classification of the consistent two-derivative cubic couplings for a system containing an arbitrary number of massless spin-1, massless spin-2, and partially massless (PM) spin-2 fields in D-dimensional (anti-)de Sitter space. In addition to previously known results, we find a unique candidate mixing between spin-1 and PM spin-2 fields. We derive all the quadratic constraints on the structure constants of the theory, allowing for relative “wrong-sign” kinetic terms for any of the fields. In the particular case when the kinetic terms in each sector have no relative signs, we find that the unique consistent non-trivial theory is given by multiple independent copies of conformal gravity coupled to a Yang-Mills sector in D = 4. Our results strengthen the well-known no-go theorems on the absence of mutual interactions for massless and PM spin-2 fields.

Early prediction of placenta accreta spectrum by evaluation of risk factors and ultrasound

IntroductionWe explored the predictive utility of clinical risk factors and first-trimester pregnancy ultrasound signs for severe placenta accreta spectrum.Material and methodsPatients with placenta accreta spectrum treated in our institution between March 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022 were analyzed. The patients were divided into those with mild and those with severe conditions. Univariate analysis was used to determine the clinical risk factors and first trimester ultrasound signs associated with severe placenta accreta spectrum. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn and the areas under the curves calculated.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed significant between-group differences between the groups in the number of cesarean sections, scar pregnancy, low gestational sac position, abnormal placental position, focal exophytic mass and abnormal placental lacunae in placental parenchyma (p < 0.05). The number of cesarean sections and first trimester ultrasound signs predicted severe placenta accreta spectrum, with areas under the curves of 0.66 and 0.75. When the number of cesarean sections was combined with low gestational sac position, the placenta position and related ultrasound signs, the areas under the curves for predicting severe placenta accreta spectrum were 0.78, 0.73, and 0.89, respectively.ConclusionsClinical risk factors and first-trimester ultrasound signs predicted severe placental accreta spectrum and their combinations had even greater clinical utility.

Statistical-Mechanics Analyses on Thermodynamics of Protein Folding Constructed by Privalov and Co-Workers.

Privalov and co-workers estimated the changes in hydration enthalpy and entropy upon ubiquitin unfolding and their temperature dependences denoted by ΔHhyd(T) and ΔShyd(T), respectively, from experimentally measured enthalpies and entropies of transfer of various model compounds from gaseous phase to water. We calculate ΔHhyd(T) and ΔShyd(T) for ubiquitin by our statistical-mechanics theory where molecular and atomistic models are employed for water and protein structure, respectively. ΔHhyd(T) and ΔShyd(T) calculated are in remarkably good agreement with those estimated by Privalov and co-workers. By examining relative magnitudes and signs of the changes in a variety of constituents of ΔHhyd(T) and ΔShyd(T), we confirm that the hydrophobic effect is an essential force driving a protein to fold. Detailed and comprehensive explanations are given for our claim that the prevailing views of the hydrophobic effect are not capable of elucidating its weakening at low temperatures, whereas our updated view is. We find out problematic points of the changes in enthalpy and entropy upon protein unfolding denoted by ΔH°(T) and ΔS°(T), respectively, which are measured using the differential scanning calorimetry at low pH, suggesting a theoretical method of calculating ΔH°(T) and ΔS°(T) at pH ∼ 7.

Incidence and risks of excessive distension absorption in hysteroscopic surgery using 5% mannitol solution: a retrospective descriptive study

ObjectiveTo clarify the incidence of excessive distension absorption in hysteroscopic surgery using 5% mannitol solution, evaluate the associated risks, and help to establish a safe fluid deficit threshold for such complication.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.SettingAcademic medical center.PatientsTen thousand six hundred ninety-three patients underwent inpatient hysteroscopic surgery with 5% mannitol perfusion using a monopolar electrosurgical instrument from Jan. 2015 to Sep. 2020.Intervention(s)None. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital.Measurements and main resultsA fluid deficit of more than 1000 mL was defined as the diagnostic criteria for excessive distension absorption. The overall incidence of excessive distension absorption in this study was 0.46% (49/10693). The incidence was 2.57% (16/623) for transcervical resection of fibroid (TCRF), 2.36% (9/381) for retained products of conception (RPOC) removal, 1.20% (6/501) for hysteroscopic uterine septum resection (HSR), 0.48% (4/828) for transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE), and 0.53% (14/2621) for transcervical resections of adhesion (TCRA). Excessive distension absorption could occur within seven minutes in HSR. Among the patients diagnosed with excessive distension absorption, 30.77% (12/39) exhibited signs or symptoms related to circulation overload with a fluid deficit under 2500 mL, and 10.26% (4/39) developed pulmonary edema.ConclusionExcessive distension absorption could happen in all kinds hysteroscopic surgical treatment including RPOC removal and TCRA which were rarely reported. The overall incidence of excessive distension absorption could be low. But it would be five times higher in certain procedures such as TCRF, RPOC removal and TCRA. Resection using a needle electrode in HSR and TCRA may contribute to the short time development of excessive distension absorption. 30.77% of the patients could not tolerate the fluid deficit of less than 2500 mL which was set as a threshold for isotonic distending media and presented with circulation overload related signs or symptoms.

Determination of the Relative Sign of the Higgs Boson Couplings to W and Z Bosons Using WH Production via Vector-Boson Fusion with the ATLAS Detector.

The associated production of Higgs and W bosons via vector-boson fusion is highly sensitive to the relative sign of the Higgs boson couplings to W and Z bosons. In this Letter, two searches for this process are presented, using 140 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The first search targets scenarios with opposite-sign couplings of the W and Z bosons to the Higgs boson, while the second targets standard model-like scenarios with same-sign couplings. Both analyses consider Higgs boson decays into a pair of b quarks and W boson decays with an electron or muon. The data exclude the opposite-sign coupling hypothesis with a significance beyond 5σ, and the observed (expected) upper limit set on the cross section for vector-boson fusion WH production is 9.0 (8.7) times the standard model value at 95% confidence level.

Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease-Pathogenesis, Preclinical Animal Models, and Treatments.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a rapidly growing ocular surface disease with a significant socioeconomic impact that affects the patients' visual function and, thus, their quality of life. It is distinguished by a loss of tear film homeostasis, leading to tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities, with all of these playing etiological roles in the propagation of the vicious DED circle. While current treatments primarily focus on reducing tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, increasingly more attention is being placed on tackling the underlying inflammation that propagates and potentiates these factors. As such, preclinical models are crucial to further elucidate the DED pathophysiology and develop novel therapeutic strategies. This review outlines the role of inflammation in DED, highlighting related signs and diagnostic tools before focusing on relevant preclinical animal models and potential therapeutic strategies to tackle DED-associated inflammation.

Review of Association Between Urinary Tract Infections and Immunosuppressive Drugs after Heart Transplantation.

Management of infections in heart transplant recipients is complex and crucial. In this population, there is a need for a better understanding of immunosuppressive trough levels (C0), infectious complications, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The purpose of this review was to understand the association between immunosuppressive trough levels and UTIs after heart transplantation. A review of scientific literature (n= 100) was conducted based on the topic of interest by searching PUBMED.Gov (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Web of Science, and Scopus. The analysis of bacterial pulmonary infection required the occurrence of new or deteriorating pulmonary infiltrates and the development of organisms in cultures of sputum specimens. The diagnosis of UTIs was based on the result of related signs, pyuria, and a positive urine culture. The incidence of UTIs was reported as 0.07 episodes/1000 regarding heart transplantation days. An eightfold increase in the rate of rejection was noted in heart transplant recipients with higher variability in tacrolimus C0. There are associations between C0 of immunosuppressive drugs and clinical presentation of infection complications. Recipients with a low metabolism of immunosuppressive drugs are more susceptible to infectious complications. Attention to the biology of herpes viruses, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus after heart transplantation are important, in which some of them are the most common pathogens responsible for UTIs. Pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus affect all transplant recipients. Pneumonia due to bacterial, viral, protozoa, and fungal infections, in addition to UTIs, are more specific reported types of infections in heart transplant recipients. Bacterial infections produced by extensively drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and non-fermenting gramnegative bacteria were reported to increase after transplantation.

Initial signs in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: time for an expanded triad?

Background and objectiveMisdiagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) contributes to delayed treatment and potentially higher mortality. The symptomatology in patients with rAAA is complex and challenging, 25–50% presumably fulfill the criteria of the standard triad of signs (STS). The objective was to determine the initial signs registered for patients with verified rAAAs, and to investigate if an expanded diagnostic triad could increase the diagnostic accuracy.MethodsA population-based study was conducted among all patients presenting with verified rAAAs in Stockholm County, Sweden, from January 2010 to October 2021. Patients were identified with ICD code 171.3 (rAAA). The STS was defined as (1) abdominal pain, (2) syncope and (3) the finding of a pulsatile abdominal mass, the prevalence of STS was investigated. An expanded triad included similar and related signs commonly registered for patients with rAAA, and was referred to as the modified abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture signs (MARS). The MARS-signs encompassed (1) the registered pain-associated symptoms or signs, (2) all hypovolemic associated signs, and (3) pulsatile abdominal mass and/or ultrasound finding, and the prevalence was similarly investigated. Finally, the STS and MARS were compared to evaluate the usefulness and performance of the MARS-score.ResultsA total of 216 patients were identified. The majority were men (77%) with a median age of 78 years. The dominating symptom was abdominal pain (84%), followed by dizziness (50%). Few patients presented with three STS (13%), two STS were found in 37% and one STS in almost half of the patients (41%). By contrast, when applying MARS 35% presented with the complete expanded triad, 47% with two and 17% with one. Comparison of accuracy favored MARS (13 vs. 35% with 3 signs, P < 0.001 for STS vs. MARS) (2 or 3 signs, 48 vs. 82% STS vs. MARS, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe expanded MARS-signs could aid in easier and faster identification of rAAA patients, thus facilitating the first step with accurate diagnosis into the lifesaving rAAA care chain. Supportive diagnostic mnemonics and tools are especially important when targeting fatal diagnoses such as rAAA. Further studies are needed to investigate the implementation of the MARS-signs in various clinical settings.

О метаморфозах категориального аппарата и праве обладания цифровым финансовым активом и цифровой валютой

The scientific article is devoted to two interrelated problems: the lack of unity of the categorical apparatus, as well as the emergence of a new right – the right to own a digital object. The analysis of the conceptual apparatus used by the legislator, in particular the concept of the node of the information system, allows us to assert that the terms not always used correctly reflect the essence of the legal phenomenon and correspond to the categorical apparatus already formed in the doctrine and legislation. In this case, the substitution of the concepts of the subject and the object of law is established, where the object of law is endowed with a set of duties. A study of legislation on digital financial assets and digital currency allowed us to conclude that a new right has been consolidated – the right to own a digital object. The right of possession is compared with other powers (the right of possession, the right of holding) and other rights having both an absolute and relative nature. It is proved that the right of possession is characterized by absolutely relative signs. Its content is a truncated right of ownership (without the element of actual possession); the rights of use and disposal. The object of the right of possession can only be intangible objects. It has been proven that a digital currency, like a digital financial asset, has a property right in its content.

Temperature controls the relation between soil organic carbon and microbial carbon use efficiency.

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an important variable mediating microbial effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) since it summarizes how much carbon is used for microbial growth or is respired. Yet, the role of CUE in regulating SOC storage remains debated, with evidence for both positive and negative SOC-CUE relations. Here, we use a combination of measured data around the world and numerical simulations to explore SOC-CUE relations accounting for temperature (T) effects on CUE. Results reveal that the sign of the CUE-T relation controls the direction of the SOC-CUE relations. A negative CUE-T relation leads to a positive SOC-CUE relation and vice versa, highlighting that CUE-T patterns significantly affect how organic carbon is used by microbes and hence SOC-CUE relations. Numerical results also confirm the observed negative SOC-T relation, regardless of the CUE-T patterns, implying that temperature plays a more dominant role than CUE in controlling SOC storage. The SOC-CUE relation is usually negative when temperature effects are isolated, even though it can become positive when nonlinear microbial turnover is considered. These results indicate a dominant role of CUE-T patterns in controlling the SOC-CUE relation. Our findings help to better understand SOC and microbial responses to a warming climate.

GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IDEOLOGICAL SEMIOLOGY BASED ON ROLAND BARTHES’ SEMIOLOGICAL THEORY

This article presents a semiological analysis of ideology on the basis of R. Barthes’ semiological theory. The subject of the study is ideology as a semiological system. R. Barthes begins to consider his semiological theory by distinguishing between primary or “natural” semiology and secondary or mythological semiology. Primary semiology represents “natural” language as a simple jumble of senses, concepts and signs. In its turn, mythology is a secondary semiology, which is superstructured over “natural” language. R. Barthes introduces the concept of ideology through the exposure of mythology. In this context, special attention is paid to the semiological system of mythology, on the basis of the analysis of which ideological semiology is derived. The peculiarity of R. Barthes’ consideration of semiology lies in the definition of the signified, the signifier and the sign in relation to the “natural” and mythological semiological systems. The methodology of this study is based on R. Barthes’ semiological theory. C.G. Jung’s psychoanalytical theory and A.F. Losev’s phenomenological theory are applied to the analysis of social mythology. In turn, the social theories of K. Marx, F. Engels, V.I. Lenin and L. Althusser are used to analyze ideology. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the construction of ideological semiology. The hypothesis of the study is that ideology is a semiological system of the third order, which is based on the decomposition of mythological semiology. For “natural” semiology, the signified is a sense, the signifier is a concept, and the sign includes the signified and the signifier in their unity. In mythological semiology, the signified is a form, the signifier is a concept, and the sign is a meaning. Ideological semiology is superimposed over mythological semiology just as mythological semiology is superimposed over “natural” semiology. The main conclusion of this study is that ideology overcomes and unmasks mythology and returns concrete-historical reality in contrast to mythology, which passes off the real for the eternal and metaphysical. As a consequence of the destruction of mythological semiology, a new ideological semiology is formed. The authors’ special contribution is the substantiation and derivation of the semiological system of ideology, in which the signifier is a symbol, the signified is an interest of a social group, and the sign is reality.

YELLOW RoUTIne prospective cohort study protocol: insight in the dynamics of bacteria in the elderly bladder

BackgroundAsymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) – the presence of bacteria in urine without urinary tract infection (UTI) related signs & symptoms (S&S) – is common in the elderly bladder and is not considered pathogenic for UTI. We hypothesise that colonisation with non-uropathogenic bacteria could protect the bladder from invasion of more harmful bacteria. The exact role and dynamics of bacteriuria in the relation to the development of a UTI is still unknown. We aim to provide insight into the course of bacteriuria in the elderly bladder and its relation to UTI in frail older adults.Methods and analysisA prospective observational cohort study is being conducted in Dutch nursing homes (NHs) between February 2024 and December 2025. Urine samples and case report forms (CRF) on UTI-related S&S will be collected from each consenting NH resident every 3 months for a follow-up period of 18 months. Whenever a UTI-suspicion occurs in between the 3 monthly time points, additional data and a urine sample will be collected. Urine samples undergo several urinalyses (e.g. dipstick and bacterial culture). Additional molecular analysis will be conducted on a selection of cultured Escherichia coli (E. coli) for virulence genes.Primary analyses will be conducted between residents with and without ASB at each time point. The primary outcome is UTI incidence during follow-up. In secondary analyses we will also take into account the low versus high presence of virulence genes of the E. coli.DiscussionThe combination of high ASB prevalence and a reduced ability of frail older adults to express UTI-related S&S may lead to UTI misdiagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic use. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the dynamics and role of bacteriuria in the elderly bladder and their potential protective effect on the development of UTI.The study findings with comprehensive analysis of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data could set the fundamental base for future guidelines and studies, and contribute to improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment of UTI in frail older adults, in addition to contributing to antibiotic stewardship in NHs.

Radiological abnormalities of the cervicothoracic vertebrae in Warmblood horses with primary neck-related clinical signs versus controls.

Radiological observations at the cervicothoracic junction in horses with or without related clinical signs have not been comprehensively described. The aim was to evaluate the seventh cervical (C7) to second thoracic (T2) vertebrae in horses with neck-related clinical signs (neck pain and/or stiffness, neck-related forelimb lameness, or general proprioceptive [spinal] ataxia) and control horses. This prospective analytical cross-sectional study included 127 control horses and 96 cases, examined using standardized clinical and radiological protocols. Univariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify factors associated with radiological abnormalities. Severe modeling of the articular processes at C7-T1 was more likely in cases compared with controls, OR, 4.25; CI, 1.04-17.36; P=.04. Cases were more likely to have spondylolisthesis at C7-T1 than controls, OR, 3.61; CI, 1.75-7.44; P<.001. There was a lack of uniformity of disc space width at C6-C7, despite normal alignment of the vertebrae, in five (5.2%) cases and no control horses. Discospondylosis was seen in 9 (9.4%) horses at C7-T1 and 10 of 64 (15.6%) at T1-T2. The sagittal ratio for T1 was smaller for horses with neck-related forelimb lameness (P<.0002), neck pain/ stiffness (P=.04), or neurological cases (P<.001) than controls. The prevalence of radiological abnormalities at C7-T1 and T1-T2 highlights the importance of careful evaluation of the cervicothoracic junction in horses with neck-related signs.

Clinical profile in relation to age and gender of patients with temporomandibular disorders: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe present study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).MethodsA total of 3362 TMD patients were included. Each participant had complete medical records according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). The clinical characteristics including symptoms and signs in relation to age and gender were analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of the patients seeking care was 29.89 ± 13.73Y, and 68.6% of patients were aged 16–35 years. The female-to-male ratio of patients was 2.2: 1, and the average age of males was significantly lower than that of females. The prevalence of clicking symptoms decreased with age, while the prevalence of pain symptoms and limitations in jaw movement increased with age. Females were more likely to have limitations in jaw movement than males. Among the patients with pain, the average visual analogue scale (VAS) was 2.96 ± 1.23. The average VAS score of acute TMD patients (≤ 3 months) was significantly higher than that of chronic TMD patients (> 3 months).ConclusionsThe majority of TMD patients seeking care were young people. The number and average age of female patients was higher than the males. Female patients were more likely to have limitations in jaw movement than males.

A Study of the Clinical Profiles of Patients With Hepatorenal Syndrome.

Background and objective Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)is a systemic disorder that affects both the kidneys and the liver. HRSrefers to the occurrence of kidney failure in individuals with advanced liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and ascites, without any underlying kidney disease. The interplay of systemic and portal hemodynamics causes severe constriction of blood vessels in the kidneys, which defines HRS. The study aims to illuminate the demographic profiles, etiology, and outcomes of patients with HRS. Material and methods The study was designed as a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based observational studyconducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre in Pimpri, Pune. The study period spans from September 2022 to June 2024. Before commencement, approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee, and informed written consent was secured from all participating patients. The sample size consists of 100 patients diagnosed with HRS, selected from the general medicine outpatient department, wards, and ICU of Dr. D.Y. Patil Hospital and Research Centre. A comprehensive clinical history was recorded for all patients, focusing on the symptoms of cirrhosis and HRS, followed by a thorough examination for related signs and symptoms. Results Among the 100 patients included in this study on HRS, 25% (N=25) fell within the age range of 18-30 years, and 76% (N=76)were identified as male. Alcoholic cirrhosis accounted for 78% (N=78)of cases, with hepatitis B infection being the subsequent leading cause. The mortality rate was 12% (N=12)while the survival rate was 88% (N=88). Conclusion This study provides insights into the demographic profile, etiology, and outcomes of HRS. The results of this study contribute valuable insights into the complex nature of HRS, highlighting the importance of early detection and monitoring to optimize patient care.

An integration of µXRF and X-ray microdensitometry records in dendrochronology

X-ray based microdensitometry is conventionally used to produce climate-related tree-ring records. Micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) applications represent another growing area of interest and opportunities in dendrochronology. This paper demonstrates a method to correctly juxtapose and precisely synchronise the densitometry and µXRF profiles. Among µXRF variables, full fluorescence spectrum (FFS) corresponds distinctly well with the microdensitometry-based wood density variations. Accordingly, the FFS provides the most applicable variable to integrate the µXRF and density profiles. The method proposed here can be used to demonstrate the strength and sign of µXRF variables and wood density relations. Moreover, the µXRF based records can be readily compared to density variables, such as the latewood maximum density, which is demonstrated in this paper.

Safety evaluation of LIMAN technology based curcumin formulation through single dose and repeated dose administration in rodents and rabbits

Curcumin is well known for its diverse health benefits based on the traditional and current scientific evidence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety of Maxicuma® made by using proprietary LIMAN technology that involves encapsulation of 40% curcuminoids with lipid matrix. The safety profile was studied with single dose and repeated dose oral administration of Maxicuma® in both rodents and non-rodents. The toxicity study was conducted at a range of 0.5 to 10 gm curcumin equivalent to human dose per day. None of the tested doses in any of the species produced treatment related clinical signs of toxicity with respect to haematology and blood chemistry parameters and mortality. Moreover gross and histopathological findings did not show any remarkable and treatment related changes. The treated animals exhibited normal weight gain and comparable feed intake. Based on the obtained results Maxicuma® up to 220 mg/kg oral dose could be considered as safe, tolerated and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose in rabbits.

Spontaneous pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum and cervical subcutaneous emphysema secondary to the Macklin effect in dogs with no clinical signs: 12 cases

Pneumomediastinum denotes the presence of gas within the mediastinum and generally occurs by leakage of air from an aerated viscus that traverses or abuts the mediastinal plane. The Macklin effect has been described in several veterinary studies and describes gas tracking along the perivascular interstitium following alveolar rupture causing interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum and subsequently cervical subcutaneous emphysema. This retrospective case series describes incidental spontaneous pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum and cervical subcutaneous emphysema secondary to the Macklin effect in dogs with no related clinical signs. Twelve dogs were identified from the author’s institution, of which 75 % were Sighthounds (Greyhounds, Whippets or Lurchers). Pulmonary interstitial emphysema had a predominantly paravascular distribution, although in some cases a parabronchial distribution was also identified. We conclude that incidental pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum and secondary cervical subcutaneous emphysema can be incidental, presumed secondary to the Macklin effect and that Sighthound breeds may be overrepresented.

ARPES detection of superconducting gap sign in unconventional superconductors

The superconducting gap symmetry is crucial in understanding the underlying superconductivity mechanism. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has played a key role in determining the gap symmetry in unconventional superconductors. However, it has been considered so far that ARPES can only measure the magnitude of the superconducting gap but not its phase; the phase has to be detected by other phase-sensitive techniques. Here we propose a method to directly detect the superconducting gap sign by ARPES. This method is successfully validated in a cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ with a well-known d-wave gap symmetry. When two bands have a strong interband interaction, the resulted electronic structures in the superconducting state are sensitive to the relative gap sign between the two bands. Our present work provides an approach to detect the gap sign and can be applied to various superconductors, particularly those with multiple orbitals like the iron-based superconductors.

Study of scalar nonstandard interaction at the Protvino to super-ORCA experiment

In this paper we have studied the phenomenon of nonstandard interaction mediated by a scalar field (SNSI) in the context of P2SO experiment and compared its sensitivity with DUNE. In particular, we have studied the capability of these two experiments to put bounds on the diagonal SNSI parameters, i.e., ηee, ημμ, and ηττ and studied the impact of these parameters on the determination of neutrino mass ordering, octant of θ23 and CP violation (CPV). In our analysis we find that, the parameter Δm312 has a nontrivial role if one wants estimate the bounds on ημμ and ηττ assuming SNSI does not exist in nature. Our results show that sensitivity of P2SO and DUNE to constraint ημμ and ηττ are similar whereas the sensitivity of DUNE is slightly better for ηee. We find that the mass ordering and CPV sensitivities are mostly affected by ηee compared to ημμ and ηττ if one assumes SNSI exists in nature. On the other hand, octant sensitivity is mostly affected by ημμ and ηττ. These sensitivities can be either higher or lower than the standard three flavor scenario depending on the relative sign of the SNSI parameters. Regarding the precision of atmospheric mixing parameters, we find that the precision of θ23 deteriorates significantly in the presence of ημμ and ηττ. Published by the American Physical Society 2024