Relative Importance Of Motives Research Articles

Multiple Motives for Adventure Sport Revisited: A Multi-Activity Investigation

The growing popularity of adventure recreation highlights the need to understand its participants and the individual characteristics of these activities in order to target health and well-being outcomes through adventure leisure pursuits. While exploratory qualitative studies have questioned the centrality of risk and thrill in adventure recreation, these studies often involved small sample sizes and amalgamated diverse adventure activities. The current study investigated adventure recreation motives via semi-structured interviews with a large sample (n = 84) of expert participants across six distinct air, land and water-based adventure activities (e.g., wingsuit BASE jumping, freeriding, downhill mountain biking, big-wave surfing). Seven themes (underpinned by 12 subthemes) emerged during thematic data analysis as key adventure recreation motives: holistic living, emotional diversity, competence, social connectedness, nature experience, agency, and optimal mental states. Although all themes were present across each adventure activity, data illustrated differences in the relative importance of motives across activities. Findings suggested that (1) adventure recreation and associated motives are more heterogeneous than currently conceptualized, and (2) adventure recreation motives should be more broadly conceptualized beyond hedonic motives (e.g., risk and thrill-seeking) to encompass more diverse eudaimonic motives.

The roles of motivation, anxiety and learning strategies in online Chinese learning among Thai learners of Chinese as a foreign language

The impact of motivation, anxiety and learning strategies on the achievement of foreign language proficiency has been widely acknowledged in the context of traditional offline classroom settings. However, this issue has not been extensively documented in relation to online learning, which has become the predominant form of language learning during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study was conducted to investigate the relative prediction of motivation, anxiety and learning strategies for second language achievement among 90 Thai adult learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) who took online Chinese courses. The participants completed a questionnaire dealing with motivation, anxiety, learning strategies, and their Chinese proficiency was measured by self-report and a Chinese vocabulary size test. A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed two major findings. First, anxiety emerged as the most stable factor for the participants' CFL achievement, followed by learning strategies and motivation. Second, motivation, anxiety and learning strategies only significantly predicted the participants' self-rated Chinese language proficiency, but not their performance on the Chinese vocabulary size test. The overall results indicate the relative importance of motivation, anxiety and learning strategies to Chinese language learning in the online environment and suggest different measures of CFL achievement may lead to different research findings. The general findings were of theoretical and pedagogical significance for understanding and addressing individual differences factors in online language learning.

Exploring residential solar PV and battery energy storage adoption motivations and barriers in a mature PV market

Previous studies show that in a mature solar photovoltaic (PV) market, the choice to accept or reject PV is closely related to battery adoption decision. This study presents the results of a survey (n = 604) conducted to investigate the household characteristics and relative importance of motivations and barriers in home battery and PV adoption decisions in South East Queensland (Australia). The research further compares the attitudinal similarities and differences among distinct groups of households based on the technology use and adoption timing. The findings demonstrate that earlier and later adopters of PV, as well as non-adopters, have relatively similar sociodemographic attributes, whereas battery users epitomise the traditional characteristics of innovators. Lower electricity bills and interest in the system are found to be the most critical factors in PV uptake. The main barriers to adoption are the system cost, followed by the anticipation of buying a more affordable PV system and battery at the same time. Similar to the purchase of PV, financial factors led by the initial costs drive the battery adoption decision. However, noneconomic factors matter more to those who have already adopted the storage system. This study reveals that the choice to install PV could adversely affect the uptake of batteries for at least a period. Furthermore, the influence of informal channels (peer effects) is deemed least important in the uptake of both systems.

Relative importance of motivation, store patronage, and marketing efforts in driving cross-buying behaviors

ABSTRACT This study identifies the extent to which cross-buying behaviors can be attributed to consumer motives, store patronage, and marketing efforts. Their explanatory power is empirically examined using a panel survey and purchase history data for fashion products of 3,052 customers patronizing an online shopping mall. Motivation explains merely 4% of the variation in the number of product categories purchased during the study period, surpassed by the variation explained by store patronage (8%) and marketing efforts (38%). These results suggest that, while motivation may be a necessary antecedent for cross-buying, it is insufficient as a ‘standalone’ driver, as behavior is largely driven by customers’ responses to marketing efforts.

Why different motives matter in sustaining online contributions

Organizations are using voluntary services of contributors on the Internet to increase the value they provide to customers. To sustain such sites, administrators need to encourage repeated contributions from individuals. This study draws upon the volunteer process model to develop a mid-range theory of sustained online contribution behavior at product review sites. I test this theory using a survey of 235 contributors, and their contribution and social network data at Amazon.com. The results support hypotheses on the positive influence of the understanding and social-adjustive motive toward specific others in sustaining two aspects of repeated contribution behavior: contribution frequency and contribution volume. The negative influence of the altruistic and social-adjustive motive toward general others on contribution volume suggests a theoretical extension. This study offers an approach to understanding the relative importance of motives in sustaining repeated contribution behavior in online contexts.

Smoking motives of daily and non-daily smokers: A profile analysis

BackgroundNon-daily or intermittent smoking is becoming common, but little is known about smoking patterns of intermittent smokers (ITS). This study assesses differences in the profile of smoking motives of non-daily, ITS and daily smokers (DS). MethodsParticipants were 218 DS and 252 ITS (152 converted ITS [CITS], who previously smoked daily, and 80 native ITS [NITS] who did not), not currently quitting, recruited by advertisement. ITS were defined as smoking 4–27 days per month; DS as smoking daily, 5–30 cigarettes per day. Participants completed the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), yielding scores for 13 different motives. The within-profile standard deviation expressed profile scatter (differentiation among motives), and profile shape was assessed on scores standardized for within-profile mean and standard deviation. ResultsThere was no difference between ITS and DS on profile scatter. ITS and DS differed in the shape of the standardized score profile, with DS scoring higher on Tolerance, Craving, Automaticity, Loss of Control and Behavioral Choice motives, and ITS scoring higher on Cue Exposure, Weight Control, and Positive Reinforcement motives. CITS did not differ from NITS in profile scatter or profile shape. ConclusionITS differ from DS in the relative importance of motives, with ITS emphasizing motives associated with acute, situational smoking, and DS emphasizing dependence-related motives. Among ITS, history of daily smoking did not influence the profile of motives.

An analysis of motives for western FDI in Turkey

The factors which motivate Western MNEs to engage in FDI in Turkey by means of both wholly-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures are investigated for a sample of 98 firms. The highest ranked motives for FDI in Turkey are principally concerned with gaining a presence in new markets and enabling faster market entry. A parsimonious set of motives for the sample studied is provided by means of factor analysis. Hypotheses are tested on the relationship between the relative importance of motives and a number of characteristics of the sample. The relative importance of the motives is found not to vary with ownership pattern (wholly-owned subsidiary or joint venture), to vary to a moderate extent with the country of origin of the investment and the mode of entry (acquisition or greenfield), and to vary most with size of the investment and industry of the investment.

Expansion within the Single European Market:a motivational structure

This paper considers the motivational context in which internationalization occurs. The paper considers the recent research of Pellegrini (1994) and Williams (1992a, 1992b) and addresses the fundamental question concerning the nature of internationalization raised by Brown and Burt (1992). The paper reports on, and uses findings from, a survey carried out in July 1993 which focused on retail expansion within the Single European market (SEM). The relative importance of motivations is considered in the context of retailers' attitudes to the SEM. These results are placed in the context of previous research findings and the theoretical literature on international retailing. On the basis of UK retailers' attitudes to expansion in the SEM and in the light of previous research work, this paper discusses the positions adopted by retailers in relation to internationalization. A matrix representing these positions is proposed and discussed.