Relative Contribution Of Depression Research Articles

Comorbid psychiatric disease significantly mediates increased rates of alcohol use disorder among patients with inflammatory and pigmentary skin disorders: a case-control study in the All of Us Research Program.

Dermatologic diseases have a well-documented association with depression and anxiety, which are in turn often comorbid with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Nonethleess, the relationship between dermatologic disease and AUD, and the relative contribution of depression and anxiety, are poorly understood. Here, we utilize the National Insittutes of Health All of Us Research Program to investigate the association between inflammatory and pigmentary dermatologic diseases with AUD. Furthermore, we investigate whether comorbid depression and anxiety mediates this relationship. We employed a matched case-control model with multivariable logistic regression. We also employed a mediation analysis. We found an increased odds of AUD among patients with atopic dermatitis, acne/rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation). This was partially mediated by anxiety and depression, especially for diseases with a significant cosmetic component. Overall, these findings highlight the profound psychological and physical health effects that inflammatory and pigmentary disease can have on patients, both independently and in combination with comorbid psychiatric disease.

Depression during the menopause transition: impact on quality of life, social adjustment, and disability.

The impact of depression on quality of life (QOL) and social support has neither been well characterized in clinical samples of women with perimenopausal depression (PMD) nor have the relative contributions of depression and other menopausal symptoms (e.g., hot flushes) to declining QOL been clarified. In this study, we compared QOL measures, social support, and functional disability in PMD and non-depressed perimenopausal women. We evaluated women aged 40-60years who presented with menstrual cycle irregularity, elevated plasma FSH levels, and met criteria for perimenopause. A structured clinical interview was administered to determine the presence or absence of major and minor depression. Outcome measures included the Quality of Life Enjoyment Scale Questionnaire, the Sheehan Disability Scale, the Global Assessment of Functioning, the Social Adjustment Scale, and the Duke Social Support Index. Kruskal-Wallis tests and ANOVAs were used to compare outcome measures. Ninety women with PMD and 51 control women participated in this study. Women with PMD reported significantly decreased QOL, social support, and adjustment and increased disability compared with non-depressed perimenopausal women. Neither perimenopausal reproductive status alone nor the presence of hot flushes had a significant negative impact on QOL measures. PMD is accompanied by significant reductions in QOL, social support, and disability similar to depression in women at other stages of life. PMD may also contribute to decreased QOL in community- or clinic-based samples of perimenopausal women. It remains unclear whether the clinical characteristics we identified reflect pre-existing risk factors for depression during the perimenopause or the effects of a current depression. Future clinical and treatment studies in perimenopausal women should distinguish depressed women when outcome measures include QOL.

Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations in a Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans

The relative contributions of depression, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and dementia to the risk of potentially preventable hospitalizations in older adults are not well understood. To determine if depression, CIND, and/or dementia are each independently associated with hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs) and rehospitalizations within 30 days after hospitalization for pneumonia, congestive heart failure (CHF), or myocardial infarction (MI). Prospective cohort study. Population-based sample of 7,031 Americans > 50 years old participating in the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2008). The eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and/or International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) depression diagnoses were used to identify baseline depression. The Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and/or ICD-9-CM dementia diagnoses were used to identify baseline CIND or dementia. Primary outcomes were time to hospitalization for an ACSC and presence of a hospitalization within 30 days after hospitalization for pneumonia, CHF, or MI. All five categories of baseline neuropsychiatric disorder status were independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization for an ACSC (depression alone: Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 1.18, 1.52; CIND alone: HR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.41; dementia alone: HR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.55; comorbid depression and CIND: HR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.20, 1.69; comorbid depression and dementia: HR: 1.66, 95%CI: 1.38, 2.00). Depression (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.84), comorbid depression and CIND (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.40, 2.81), or comorbid depression and dementia (OR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.35) were independently associated with increased odds of rehospitalization within 30 days after hospitalization for pneumonia, CHF, or MI. Depression, CIND, and dementia are each independently associated with potentially preventable hospitalizations in older Americans. Older adults with comorbid depression and cognitive impairment represent a particularly at-risk group that could benefit from targeted interventions.

Health-Related Quality of Life ‘Well-Being' in HIV Distal Neuropathic Pain is More Strongly Associated with Depression Severity than with Pain Intensity

Despite modern antiretroviral treatment, HIV-associated distal neuropathic pain (DNP) remains one of the most prevalent and debilitating complications of HIV disease. Neuropathic pain is often accompanied by depressed mood, and both pain and depression have been associated with decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL) well-being. The relative contribution of depression and pain to worse life quality has not been addressed, however, even though a better understanding might sharpen intervention strategies. We used the Medical Outcomes Study HIV (MOS-HIV) Health Survey and the Beck depression inventory-II and linear regression models to investigate HRQOL well-being in HIV-infected patients with DNP (n = 397) participating in an observational cohort study at six U.S. sites (CNS HIV Antiretroviral Treatment Effects Research Study, CHARTER). For this sample of patients with HIV DNP, severity of depressed mood was more highly correlated with HRQOL well-being than was pain intensity. These results suggest that interventions to improve HRQOL well-being in individuals with HIV-associated DNP may need to address not only pain intensity but mood state as well.

The relationship among depression, subjective cognitive impairment, and neuropsychological performance in multiple sclerosis

The aim of this study was to examine, within the context of a treatment study, the relative contributions of depression and neuropsychological performance on patient ratings of cognitive functioning in a cohort of 58 moderately-depressed multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. All participants were randomized to one of three 16-week conventional treatments for depression. Assessments were conducted pre and post-treatment using: (1) Cognitive Function subscale of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) to evaluate subjective cognitive impairment (SC), (2) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and (3) a neuropsychological index score (NP). Prior to treatment, 8% of the variance in SC was explained by NP, whereas 14% of the variance was explained by BDI, above and beyond NP. At post-treatment, patients were classified as ‘responders’ (BDI<11) and ‘nonresponders’ (BDI≥11). Among those participants classified as ‘responders’, NP accounted for 39% of the variance in SC, and BDI did not significantly predict SC. The results of this study suggest that depression may influence subjective reports of cognitive impairment, but these reports may not be reliably related to objective neuropsychological performance. Furthermore, patients may be more accurate reporters of their cognitive impairment after successful treatment for depression, suggesting that depression decreases the accuracy of patient reported cognitive impairment.

Quality of life in brain tumor patients: the relative contributions of depression, fatigue, emotional distress, and existential issues.

Neuropsychiatric problems, and how they interact to impact on quality of life (QOL) in brain tumor patients, are generally poorly understood. The objectives of this study were: (1) to document the prevalence of depression, fatigue, emotional distress, and existential issues in a sample of brain tumor patients (2) to examine the interconnectedness of these problems, and (3) to explore their relationship with disease-related variables and QOL. This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey of 73 patients with primary brain tumors who presented to a neurological clinic at a tertiary cancer centre for ongoing care. Data for 60 participants (29 women, 31 men) who completed validated questionnaires were retained for analysis. Results showed that there was a high burden of depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (mean score 11.1, SD 7.4), with 38% of the sample scoring in the clinically depressed range. Overall QOL scores for this sample were similar to a reference sample of brain tumor patients. The scores on the existential subscale of the McGill Quality of Life questionnaire were comparable to those of a reference sample of cancer patients receiving ongoing care (mean score 7.2; SD 1.7). Fifty per cent of the sample could be classified as struggling with existential issues. Although scores reflecting depression, fatigue, emotional distress, and existential problems were interrelated, the presence of depressive symptoms was the single most important independent predictor of QOL in this cohort of brain fumor patients. Implications for treatment are discussed.

Relation of Depression and Dysfunctional Career Thinking to Career Indecision

Depression and dysfunctional career thinking were investigated as components of the state of career indecision. The participants were 215 undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology course at a large southeastern university. The Career Decision Scale was used to measure career indecision, whereas the Beck Depression Inventory and Career Thoughts Inventory were used to measure depression and dysfunctional career thinking respectively. The relative contribution of depression, dysfunctional career thoughts, and selected control variables were ascertained through hierarchical regression. Results support the existence of dysfunctional career thoughts as a significant component of career indecision. Depression associated significantly with career indecision yet captured no significant independent variation in the regression model. Implications for career assessment and career counseling are discussed.

An Examination of the Relative Contribution of Depression versus Global Psychopathology to Depressive Attributional Style in a Clinical Population

Research attempting to validate a depressive attributional style using depressed patients as subjects has generally been supportive of such a style. It would seem important to evaluate the relative contribution of global psychopathology versus depression to such an attributional style. The present study has done so. Results provide support for a depressive attributional style in clinically depressed patients and further suggest that such a style is a function of depression per se and not of general pathology.