Relationship In Indonesia Research Articles

Defense Policy: A Look at Bilateral Cooperation

Indonesia's friendship with Russia has existed for more than seven decades. As a country with the second largest military force in the world, Russia has always been willing to assist Indonesia in realizing the country's defence and security. The article aims to review Indonesia's cooperative relationship with Russia, especially in defence. Using the literature study method, an understanding is produced that to realize the independence of defence equipment, the Indonesian government needs to increase defence cooperation with the Russian government. At least several reasons are behind it. First, historically, Indonesia's relationship with Russia has been very close. Russia positions Indonesia as a strategic partner. This condition allows Russia to not easily impose an embargo on weapons and weapon parts to Indonesia. Second, from an economic perspective, the price of weapons sold by Russia is relatively cheaper with the same quality and reliability, even more so than weapons from other country manufacturers. And third, there is a Russian commitment to transfer technology to support the independence of Indonesia's defence equipment

Analysis of Viewers Reception of Toxic Relationships in Posesif, an Indonesian Film

The film "Posesif" tells the story of the unhealthy relationships experienced by teenagers. Unhealthy relationships in Indonesia often occur both verbally and physically. The film "Posesif" narrates the relationship between two teenagers that starts sweet and happy but gradually turns into an unhealthy relationship involving physical violence. This research aims to find and analyze the reception of toxic relationships as viewers perceive after watching the film "Posesif". The theories used in this research are mass communication, film, reception analysis, and interpersonal communication. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using Stuart Hall's reception analysis. This study's data collection techniques included in-depth interviews using semi-structured interviews with seven informants, observation, and document studies. The results of this study indicate that five informants were categorized as dominant-hegemonic, two informants fell into the negotiated position, but no informants were categorized as oppositional positional. According to the informants, the film "Posesif" has successfully represented unhealthy relationships, although some informants felt that the ending of the film "Posesif" was unsatisfactory.

Analysis Of The Effect Of Tax Revenue On Economic Growth In Indonesia

Taxes play an important role as one of the main sources of income for the country. The main objective of state financial policy in the field of domestic revenue is to explore, encourage and develop sources of revenue from within the country so that the amount increases in line with development needs. This research uses a quantitative descriptive research type. The data used is in the form of a Time Series (time series) spanning 33 years, with a research time range of 1990-2022, with the Indonesian observation area. The research method uses the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) least squares method and the Error Correction Model. Error Correction Model (ECM). Research Results Income Tax Revenue (PPH) has a positive and significant influence on the long-term relationship with gross domestic product (GDP), and has a positive and significant influence on the short-term relationship. Value added tax (VAT) has a positive and significant influence on the long-term relationship with gross domestic product (GDP), and has a positive and significant influence on the short-term relationship. Excise revenue (PC) has a positive and significant influence on the long-term relationship with gross domestic product (GDP), and has a positive and significant influence on the short-term relationship. Import duty receipts (PBE) have a positive and significant influence on the long-term relationship with gross domestic product (GDP), and have no influence on the short-term relationship in Indonesia throughout the 1990-2022 period.

Politics and Pluralism: Analyzing State Official Tafsir and Interfaith Discourse in Indonesia

This research aims to explore the Tafsir produced by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, specifically focusing on the potential politicization of the Qur’an, particularly in the narrative of inter-religious relationships in Indonesia. The study underscores the crucial role of Tafsir in shaping societal perceptions of religious pluralism in the country. In this context, a significant question arises concerning the extent to which the interpretations generated through the state's political mechanisms contribute to the discourse on religious pluralism. To address this inquiry, the critical discourse analysis approach by Norman Fairclough is employed, encompassing three dimensions: text analysis, discursive practices, and social practices. The analysis focuses on the Tafsir produced in 1980 by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs titled "Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya." The research reveals that the narrative regarding inter-religious relationships in Indonesia within the official Tafsir is not solely connected to the state's role through the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. It is also influenced by various factors such as the socio-religious context and the role of Mufassir (mufasir). This situation is reflected through three patterns of state affirmation: Affirmative-Accommodative, Affirmative-Permissive, and Affirmative-Disruptive. The substantial contribution of this research lies in enhancing the understanding of the intricate relationship between religious exegesis, state politics, and radicalism in Indonesia. This opens avenues for further reflection and debate in scholarly literature, particularly regarding the impact of state involvement in the Qur’an interpretation process on the narrative of inter-religious relationships in Indonesia.

The Folk Belief and Cultural Heritage in the Syncretic Theravada Buddhism : The Cases of Human-Spirits Relationship in Indonesia, Cambodia and Myanmar

This sociological study of religion attempts to explain the relationship between humans and spirits in the syncretism of Theravada Buddhism tradition with case studies in Indonesia, Cambodia, and Myanmar. In these countries, before the influence of the Indian Dharmic Religion, people practiced Theravada Buddhism side by side with folk beliefs. This study uses the theory of correlational theology from Paul Tillich as the search for common ground in reflection of the syncretic folk belief of worshipping Danghyang among Javanese people in Indonesia, Neak Ta among Khmer people in Cambodia, and Nat among Burmese people in Myanmar. The method used literature research and field observations in three countries in 2020. The results of this study are in the exploration of doctrinal concepts from religious texts and the acculturation practices on cultural heritage between the folk belief with the view of wholeness theology in Theravada Buddhism cosmology. Humans live in harmony with other creatures in this world according to the law of attachment and reciprocity, or Paticcasamuppada, consisting of 31 realms of existence. In the context of the three countries, these spirits articulate three relations: the relationship between guardian spirits and the people, the relationship between the deceased spirits and the living, and the relationship between spirits and the social environment, as in line with spiritual ecology (215 words)

Energy and Economic Growth Nexus: A Long-run Relationship in Indonesia

Energy plays an important role in economic growth in which it affects total factor productivity (TFP). Energy conservation efforts to address global climate change may adversely affect economic growth, particularly in the long run. This study analyses the short- and long-run relationship between energy consumption (both non-renewable (NREC) and renewable (REC)) and economic growth in Indonesia within the period of 1985 to 2019. Using the vector-error correction model (VECM), the paper discovered a short-run unidirectional causality from NREC and REC to economic growth. Economic growth in Indonesia is dependent on energy consumption. The finding proves the growth hypothesis in the energy and economic growth nexus (EGN). In the long run, only NREC has a unidirectional causality to economic growth, while REC is independent. REC supports the neutrality hypothesis rather than the growth hypothesis. The neutrality of REC in promoting economic growth in the long run indicates that Indonesia remains highly dependent on NREC to generate economic growth. Consequently, lowering NREC will adversely affect economic growth both in the short and long run. Nevertheless, Indonesia has signed a commitment to reduce carbon emissions vis a vis NREC in the context of climate change. The findings suggest that Indonesia should conduct energy transition toward REC, while conserving NREC in addition to accumulating physical and human capital to sustain high economic growth in the long run.

A Cointegration and Causal Analysis of the Government Revenue and Expenditure Relationship in Indonesia

This study aims to discuss the causal analysis of government revenues and expenditures in Indonesia in light of the fact that Indonesian fiscal policy significantly relies on government finance. Therefore, it can lead to fragile macroeconomic conditions. In addition, to illustrate this occurrence, the researchers used Granger causality method on data from 1971 to 2021 provided by the World Bank. This paper's findings indicate that in Indonesia, the long run or equilibrium relationship between government revenue and government expenditure goes from government expenditure to government revenue. In addition, this conclusion demonstrates that government expenditures affect government revenue.

Domestic Migration and Integration of Religious Diaspora: Global experiences can benefit the shaping of internal relationships in Indonesia

Many Balinese Hindus have migrated to East Kalimantan for official assignments, as part of transmigration programs, and for advancing economic opportunities, thus initiating a domestic Balinese diaspora. This diaspora maintains its identities and practices, as in Bali, and seeks to replicate Balinese symbols and practices when connecting with other Hindu communities from different cultures and traditions. This article sheds light on “Bali-centrism” and “quasi-exclusiveness” when the Balinese diaspora interacts with non-Balinese Hindus within East Kalimantan. The authors argue that Bali-centrism and Balinization might alienate and socially exclude non-Balinese Hindus from mainstream Hindu development. To cope with the grief of losing Hindu ‘friends’ from another tradition, a mindset shift is required. Furthermore, with the relocation of the Indonesian capital city from Jakarta to Nusantara, the influx of various ethnic and religious groups, including Hindu adherents, would be unavoidable, although admittedly it is impossible to know at this juncture about the eventual admixture of administration, commerce and culture that the city would comprise. The authors propose a “salad bowl” concept to build Hindu communities in a multicultural state with its new capital city. To augment understanding of the multiplicity of components and attributes influencing a diasporic community, the authors have drawn from applicable, non-religious diasporic experiences as well as from the historical manoeuvring of different religious groups globally; this knowledge may help researchers and community development practitioners understand the prevalence of bonding issues and interaction by sects within all religions.

Dinamika Hubungan Indonesia-Australia: Studi Kasus Kepentingan Australia dalam Konflik Timor Timur

Judging from the historical aspect, Indonesia-Australia relations have a fairly strong amity and enmity side, with a more prominent aspect of enmity. Indonesia's relationship with Australia has had its ups and downs due to notable differences in terms of economic conditions, population, ethnicity, culture and religion. The interests between the two countries also often rub against each other, which also affects the harmony of relations between the two countries. Some cases mainly prevent the two countries from fighting for economic resources. From Operation Seroja onwards, Indonesian military forces were involved in the massacre of East Timorese civilians. The forms of violence committed are very diverse, from forced searches to the number of murder cases to attract international attention. In the 1998 referendum process, Australia was involved as a party involved. Australia in relation to East Timor (post-refrendum East Timor) indirectly applied its hegemony to support Australia's political and economic interests. In the concept of regional security, Australia has a veiled political interest of making East Timor a buffer zone in addition to the economic interests of oil and gas resources in the Timor Pass. The article, written using qualitative methods, aims to provide an overview of the interests of Australia, Indonesia and East Timor in the conflict that occurred in the aftermath of the East Timor inetgration until after the 1998 referendum.

Revisiting the Phillips curve for Indonesia: What can we learn from regional data?

This study seeks new empirical evidence of the Phillips curve in Indonesia, an emerging and geographically diversified economy. There are three important contributions from this research. First, applying panel econometric method to exploit regional variation, the study resolves the issue of using on-target national inflation rates that potentially causes weakening inflation-output link. Second, the research examines the relevance of mining industry for output gap measurement at regional level. Third, it highlights the differences in the Phillips curve between the west and east regions owing to their different underlying economic structures. Our estimation using regional data support the validity of the Phillips curve relationship in Indonesia. Backward-looking inflation expectations, exchange rate dynamics and international prices also significantly affect inflation. In addition, the effect of output gap on inflation is larger if the mining sector is excluded from output gap measurement. Finally, we find apparent differences between the west and the eastern regions in the slope of Phillips curve, as well as in the degree of inflation persistence and exchange rate pass-through. The results are robust to alternative specification. Our study adds significantly to the empirical literature on the Phillips curve and have meaningful policy implications.

Sengketa Laut China Selatan yang Bersinggungan Dengan Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif Indonesia di Utara Kepulauan Natuna, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

The purpose of this research is to describe China's unilateral claims in the South China Sea through the nine-dash line map that intersects with Indonesia's EEZ in accordance with UNCLOS 1982 where Indonesia finally took a stand on China's unilateral claims in the South China Sea in the northern sea of Natuna. It is hoped that this research can be useful as a basis for the development of science, especially in the field of international maritime law. This research uses a normative legal research method with statue approach and a case approach where various literature is related as secondary data that will strengthen the research arguments. Indonesia's relationship with China is heating up because China's unilateral claim in the waters of the South China Sea through a nine-dash line map is intersecting with the territory of Indonesia's maritime zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia in the Northern Natuna Islands of Riau Islands Province which has been recognized according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. The results showed that the nine-dash line claims by China did not comply with UNCLOS 1982, a misunderstanding between Indonesia and China led the two countries to mediate and requested that China respect the provisions of international law, especially UNCLOS 1982 as the world maritime constitution.

The unexpected consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on maritime crime: Evidence from Indonesia and Nigeria

The economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating. Job losses, negative growth rates, and increased poverty have all followed rising infection rates. The economic costs have been especially challenging for many piracy-prone countries. The international monetary fund anticipates sizable unemployment increases in many Indo-Pacific countries. Deeper and more durable economic damage may materialize in some West African countries. Often, negative economic shocks produce surges in crime, both on land and at sea. The present study evaluates the effects of COVID-19 on maritime pirate attacks in two countries, Nigeria, located in the Gulf of Guinea, and Indonesia, located in the Indo-Pacific. We employ monthly and quarterly data on government measures to prevent infection, sea-piracy incidents, and economic conditions to explore whether the subsequent economic fallout produced more maritime crime. We do not find clear evidence of this relationship in Indonesia. However, COVID-19-induced stringency measure does appear to have increased sea-piracy incidents in Nigeria.

Assessing public perception of various human-wildlife relationships in Indonesia using a webinar series pre-registration form

Throughout history, humans shared habitats and resources with animals, making human-wildlife interactions (HWI), including conflict, inevitable. Understanding issues before mitigating them is one important aspect of conservation. This study assessed 1,613 registrants’ data on public perception of HWI through a computer-mediated communication (CMC) platform by conducting registration surveys for webinar series that discussed relevant HWI cases in Indonesia. Among all the results from five studies, a finding shows there is a consistency of perceptions toward certain animal groups in the context of HWI. Moving forward, this cost-effective method can be replicated to gather public perceptions on conservation issues, allowing conservationists to plan a better urban outreach activity.

Inter-Religious Mate Selection Negotiating Process Relationship in Indonesia

This research explores the process of inter-religious mate selection and the important role of third parties as social forces in the process among individuals in urban areas in Indonesia. The scope is sociology of family using hybrid typology for the process and Kalmijn (1998) for the third parties. The article enriches those elaborated by Netting (2010), Tsutsui (2013) and Casier et al. (2013) on combination of traditional and love mate selection process, and Kalmijn (1998), Connolly (2009), Yahya and Boag (2014) on the third parties in intermarriage. A qualitative field research with snowball method by doing retrospective interviews in greater Jakarta is conducted among 4 individuals from Islam and Christian. The period of research is from the year 2018-2021. It is revealed that all of the individuals going through the hybrid mate selection process which starts from the love typology and ends in the traditional typology. The process begins with individual choosing his/her mate on his/her own and in the end only able to get married by approval of his/her family. It is revealed individuals’ capability to negotiate his/her standpoint to preserve the relationship until succeed to marry, with several and multilayer third parties specially his/her conjugal family and the state. The process reflects the existence of inter-religious tolerance. A mate selection theoretical contribution on how hybrid process and negotiating with the third parties as social forces also applies in inter-religious context, are also elaborated.

Reconceptualizing Legal Arrangement on the Doctor-Patient Relationship in Indonesia

The doctor-patient relationship in Indonesia has changed. In the past, patients were inferior to doctors, but over time the relationship has put the two in a more balanced position. This article aims to examine the legal substance in regulating doctor-patient relationships in Indonesia. The arguments presented in this study demonstrated the increase in the number of civil lawsuits or complaints/criminal lawsuits has a substantial impact on legal resolution shifting. Although the law placed the legal relationship among two parties as mere contract-civil relationship, the criminalization is increasingly favored in recent years. As a recommendation, future law-making process needs to comprehensively consider medical science as the basis to lay the legal foundation in regulating doctor-patient relationships.

Isolasi atau Integrasi Sosial: Peran Kualitas Pertemanan dalam Menunjang Kepuasan Hidup Dewasa Muda Lajang di Indonesia

Marriage is a normative practice in Indonesia. As a result, many view marriage as a social achievement rather than a personal choice. This attitude could impact the psychological well-being of single individuals as they receive marriage pressures and associated stigma from their communities. This quantitative study aims to explore the role of friendship quality on life satisfaction among non-dating unmarried young adults in Indonesia. Friendship Quality Scale (FQS) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were employed to measure the quality of friendship and the life satisfaction of 121 unmarried young adults who is not in a romantic relationship in Indonesia (Mage = 29.98; SD = 3.849), as approached through purposive sampling. Result of this study confirmed a significant contribution (49.4%) of friendship quality to the life satisfaction of male participants, but the results among the females was found insignificant.

Legal Protection for Indonesian Freelance Workers in Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Work Creation: Analysis of Changes in Legal Protection for Freelance Workers in Indonesia after the Omnibus Law

This research aims to review the legal protection for freelancers in Indonesia, stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. In-Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Freelance Employment in Indonesia is claimed not to have a clear legal umbrella. The problems examined in this research include the form of freelance legal relations in Indonesia? And the legal protection for freelancers in Indonesia in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation? This research uses normative methods with a statute, case, and historical approach. The results showed that freelance legal relationships in Indonesia were divided into two categories: freelancers who entered into work agreements through platforms that acted as intermediaries and freelancers who entered into work agreements directly without intermediaries. Previously, there were only additional regulations in the form of Kepmenakertrans No. 100 of 2004 concerning the Provisions for the Implementation of a Work Agreement for a Specific Time, and no specific regulation has been found in Law no. 13 of 2013 concerning Manpower. After the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and also Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning Specific Time Work Agreements, Transfer, Working Time and Rest Time, and Termination of Employment, the legal status of freelance workers in Indonesia has a clear legal umbrella, which is classified as a specific time work agreement (PKWT). This finding also answers the concerns of previous researchers who stated that there is no legal protection for freelancers in Indonesia.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA TIMOR LESTE DAN AUSTRALIA TERKAIT PEREBUTAN SUMBER DAYA MINYAK DAN GAS PADA SENGKETA CELAH TIMOR (TIMOR GAP)

In this journal, the author will explain on the Timor Gap in which there is involvement between East Timor and Australia. This research will explain the relationship between the two countries during the dispute, Indonesia's relationship as a country that is also involved, as well as the concept of diplomacy used to resolve this conflict. As well as triggering conflicts between countries that can grip the international world, sovereignty is said to have always been part of an international issue, since sovereignty is really crucial for a country. Moreover, in the Timor Gap dispute there are contested resources that are oil and gas that are very profitable for the prosperity and well-being of the country. The natural wealth that settles in the Timor Sea makes countries around the East East participate in the utilization of these resources, thus giving cooperation between each country because of its involvement. Thus, the focus of the discussion in this journal will show how the relationship built between the two countries concerns the struggle for natural resources in the Timor Gap. This research also uses a qualitative approach as a research method and is supported by the data that has been collected.

Heavy metal contamination in water, sediments and Planiliza subviridis tissue in the Donan River, Indonesia

Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are pollutants that are toxic, difficult to decompose and accumulate in biota. One of the biota that lives in the waters is mullet fish. This fish is demersal, has a relatively long life period, has a specific tolerance to the aquatic environment and highly consumable in Indonesia. Therefore need to know the metal content of Cd and Pb in water, sediments and mullet fish and their relationship in Indonesia. The study used a survey method with purposive random sampling at four stations, three replications. The study was conducted from June to November 2019. Analysis of data was descriptive, F-test and correlation. The results showed that the heavy metal content of Cd and Pb between stations in the water media, sediment and in mullet fish there was a significant difference. The highest Cd and Pb were showed in station III, coming from the oil industry, domestic waste and transportation activities. The heavy metal content of Cd and Pb in water, sediment and mullet fish (Planiliza subviridis) in the Donan River, Cilacap shows results exceeding the allowed threshold and danger to human health.

Kapasitas Bisnis Pemerintah Desa dalam Perspektif Business-Government Relationship Pasca Implementasi Otonomi Desa di Indonesia (Kasus di Kabupaten Banyumas)

The Indonesian Governments policies after the implementation of village autonomy are directed to villages business development. Village governments duties and functions are not only related to administrative matters anymore, but also in operation of villages business. This shows that there is a developing business commitment in Indonesia. The research result shows that the Business-Government Relationship in Indonesia has changed from one way to mutual interaction, as shown with the development of Public Sector Entrepreneurship and business commitment in village government environment. Both factors evidently improve the capacity of business, which begins to be developed by the Indonesian Government at all levels. The development of Public Sector Entrepreneurship is shown with the business creativity, business cooperation, and professionalism of village government in governments business management. Meanwhile, local governments business commitment is shown with support of policies, funding and human resources in governments business management. Governments business capacity is shown with efficiency, effectiveness and economy (value for money) achieved by governments business unit. In Indonesia, particularly in Banyumas Regency, village autonomy has given opportunity for the development of Business-Government Relationship at local level.