Traditional Relationship Research Articles

Perceptions of a faculty-trainee group mentorship program, the mentorship families program, in a residency training program: results from a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundIn residency programs, the availability of faculty mentors for traditional dyadic mentorship relationships may be limited. Few frameworks exist for mentorship programs with a combined faculty and peer mentorship approach. The authors developed the Mentorship Families Program (MFP), a faculty-resident group mentorship program within a psychiatry residency program to meet the need for mentorship for a large cohort of residents. A cross-sectional survey was used to evaluate the impact of the MFP after its first implementation year.MethodsEleven mentorship families were created with 11 faculty members and 45 residents; each mentorship family consisted of one faculty member and 4–5 residents. A cross-sectional survey characterized the one-year perceived impact (2021–2022) of the MFP on resident and faculty mentoring experiences, with questions about the content, frequency, and quality of the MFP meetings and the strengths and areas of improvement for the MFP. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative feedback; directed content analysis was performed on open-ended feedback.ResultsTwenty-seven residents (60%) and 8 faculty members (73%) responded to the survey. 70% of mentorship families met at least once. The MFP helped foster resident-faculty connections and provided an environment to gain career advice. However, residents and faculty reported challenges with scheduling meetings and a lack of meeting structure as barriers to effective engagement with the MFP. Most residents recommended that other training programs implement a program like the MFP as it offered multidimensional opportunities for connections between residents and faculty.ConclusionsA faculty-resident group mentorship program like the MFP can be implemented in residency training programs when traditional one-to-one faculty mentorship is often limited.

‘Bapedi A Re Boeleng Setṧong’ - Consequences of Undermining Ancestral Beliefs with Regards to the Concept of ‘Mohlobolo’ from Bapedi People’s Cultural Perspective

There appears to be an increasing interest in the integration of the concept ‘mohlobolo’ and traditional wedding ceremony (monyanya) in the Bapedi society, and this revives and strengthens Bapedi people’s traditional relationship with the ancestral realm. Strengthening interactions of ancestors of both families (bride and groom) through the significance role played by ‘mohlobolo’ has been a common practice for ages in the Bapedi society, but some families deliberately ignore this practice as the consequence of being mesmerized by external theological beliefs and modern technologies. There has been unsatisfactory integration of the concept ‘mohlobolo’ and traditional wedding ceremony even though Bapedi cultural heritage and identity advocates its use, and significant meaning stating that it strengthens the marriage relationship and preserves Bapedi people’s cultural wedding practice. Amongst Bapedi people, teamwork is preferable to get everyone involved and to facilitate ancestor veneration. This paper has its goal a drive to recognize ancestral beliefs as the foundation of a happy family and the creation of spiritual and religious values within Bapedi people’s cultural context. To address the objectives of this study, the following primary research questions were considered: 1) What are the consequences of undermining the pivotal role played by the concept ‘mohlobolo’ in traditional Bapedi wedding ceremonies? and 2) why are innocent children and grandchildren suffering because of the ignorance and negligence by their parents and grandparents? The primary sources for data collection include observations and oral interviews that were conducted through face-to-face interaction. The interviews were aimed at eliciting first-hand information on the knowledge of the subject matter. The secondary sources included among others, materials such as journal articles, books and theses, and of course personal experience. The results have shown that in the Bapedi society, some families are disintegrated as the consequence of undermining the pivotal role played by the concept ‘mohlobolo’. There appears to be unpleasant marriage relationship in some families; female partners cannot procreate, etc. It was concluded that ‘mohlobolo’ serves as the eternal bond between the families and the ancestors of the two families that are coming together through the bride and bridegroom.

Bioethics and Controversies in the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Cosmetic Surgery

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have become an essential part of modern medicine and surgery in recent years. Potential cosmetic surgery patients can visualize possible outcomes of a surgical procedure with the swipe of a finger and get a quote for surgical treatments without leaving their homes. Most of these AI tools use high-quality 2D or 3D photographs, as well as sensitive personal data regarding medical history and other important parameters, which certainly raise concerns about the bioethical aspects, accountability, and personal data protection. This article points out the key ethical principles and issues that may arise in the implementation of these tools, especially in facial cosmetic surgery. It discusses the possible pre-programmed bias and other considerations and controversies that can lead to unintentional violation of sensitive information and resulting legal issues. A search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science, using a combination of keywords related to “cosmetic surgery” and “artificial intelligence,” such as “bioethics,” “AI preprogrammed bias,” and “AI liability.” The search was focused on published articles in the past 5 years to point out the recent trends and opinions among plastic cosmetic surgeons about the use of AI in the field. The main potential issues associated with the use of AI in plastic cosmetic surgery were summarized as “Possible pre-programmed Bias,” “Key ethical principles” and “Other considerations and controversies,” such as compromised traditional patient-clinician relationships, including loss of empathy and patient-centered care. Further considerations include the potential dehumanization of health care, AI-generated threats to patients’ safety and efficacy, and limited liability. The current experts’ opinions regarding the use of AI in cosmetic surgery and health care seem to be very controversial despite the increase in its use and the recent improvements in the quality and versatile facets of AI tools and their implementation. There are supporters and opponents, whose common goal remains to be the quality of care, patient safety, and bioethics, including data protection and liability. Artificial intelligence technologies can potentially improve patient care by supporting surgeons without having to replace them. Strict regulations are crucial for any kind of AI technology, especially the one involved in direct patient care, such as cosmetic surgery.

Gamified Digital Mental Health Interventions for Young People: Scoping Review of Ethical Aspects During Development and Implementation.

Young people are particularly at risk of developing mental health problems, a challenge exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital tools such as apps and chatbots show promise in providing accessible, cost-effective, and less stigmatized ways of strengthening their mental health. However, while these interventions offer benefits, they extend mental health measures beyond traditional therapeutic settings and relationships, which raises ethical concerns due to the absence of established guidelines and regulations. This is particularly notable for technologies incorporating serious gaming elements. In addition, adolescents are in a sensitive and at times vulnerable phase, which shows great potential for the effective use of preventive and sensitizing mental health measures. Considering the lack of an integration into existing mental health structures among many young users, ethical considerations become crucial. This scoping review aims to build a knowledge base on the ethical aspects of developing and implementing gamified digital mental health interventions for young people. We conducted a search on research articles and conference papers from 2015 to 2023 in English, German, and Spanish. We identified 1815 studies using a unique combination of keywords in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. After removing duplicates (741/1816, 40.8%), we included a total of 38 publications in this review following a double screening process. This review found that ethically relevant aspects were discussed with regard to (1) research ethics, (2) ethical principles (including privacy, accessibility, empowerment and autonomy, cultural and social sensitivity, and co-design), (3) vulnerable groups, and (4) social implications (including implementation using facilitators in specific social contexts, relationship with other therapeutic options, economic aspects, and social embeddedness of technologies). This scoping review identified a prevailing limited interpretation of "ethics" as research ethics across the included publications. It also shows a lack of discussion on the social embeddedness of technologies and that co-design is frequently viewed in instrumental terms and vulnerability is mostly addressed pragmatically. Through providing concrete examples of how mental health researchers and game designers thus far have addressed and mitigated ethical challenges in specific interventions, this review illustrates how ethical issues do or do not prompt diverse reflections, mitigation strategies, and actions. It advocates for ethics to be integrated as an ongoing practice throughout all stages of developing and implementing serious game elements in mental health interventions for young people.

SMEs’ digital maturity: analyzing influencing factors and the mediating role of environmental factors

PurposeThis study investigates the relationships among various dimensions influencing the digital maturity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A novel variable, namely SMEs' dependence level on environmental factors, is introduced to broaden the scope beyond traditional linear relationships, providing insights into the multifaceted nature of SME digital maturity.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs correlation and regression analyses to unravel significant correlations and explore the impact of predictors on the dependent variable. The interconnectedness of Technology, Product, Organization, People, Strategy and Operations is scrutinized, revealing their collective influence on SMEs' digital maturity. Importantly, the absence of multicollinearity issues is confirmed, validating the reliability of the study’s results. The regression models demonstrate robust explanatory power, with the inclusion of a mediator significantly enhancing overall model performance.FindingsThe findings highlight the interconnected nature of key dimensions, emphasizing the collective influence of Technology, Product, Organization, People, Strategy and Operations on SMEs' digital maturity. Analysis of variance results further support the effectiveness of these predictors in capturing variability in the dependent variable. Beta values provide insight into the distinct contributions of each predictor, emphasizing their individual impacts on SMEs' digital maturity.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field by emphasizing the need for more holistic models and methodological advancements to understand the complex dynamics that shape SMEs' digital maturity. By introducing the novel variable of SMEs' dependence level on environmental factors, the research expands the conceptual framework, offering a fresh perspective on the multifaceted nature of SME digital maturity. The study’s originality is underscored by robust statistical analyses and an exploration of relationships among key dimensions. The comparison and contrast of findings with existing literature further enhance the study’s unique contributions to the field.

Caring for White Supremacy: The Case of Kyle Rittenhouse

In August 2020, then 17-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse shot three White men in Kenosha, Wisconsin, during protests that followed the police murder of Jacob Blake. After the shooting, myriad forms of care unfolded in support of Kyle Rittenhouse. In recent years, scholarship on care and care ethics has sought to “trouble” care, pushing beyond the traditional boundaries of care, considering forms of care that lie outside of traditional caring relationships, and bringing into view care that does not result in a universal good. In this article I add to this recent engagement by calling for greater attention to the ways in which care (re)produces systems of violence. Namely, using the events surrounding the trial of Kyle Rittenhouse, I document the networks of support and resource flows that cared for Kyle Rittenhouse before, during, and following his trial. Ultimately, I argue that care, although often framed as a transformative force, plays a role in the ongoing production of White supremacy.

Exploring friends with benefits: a review of research and insights from the Polish context

Introduction and Objective :"Friends with benefits" relationships (FWBR) are becoming increasingly common. Defined as friendships involving sexual activity without romantic commitment, FWBRs blur the boundaries between friendship and romance. The aim of this article is to gather the most up-to-date information on "friends with benefits" relationships.Review Methods: A review of studies available on the PubMed platform (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was conducted, including articles with free full-text access that used the keywords: “friends with benefits relationship”, “friends with benefits,” "FWB," and "FWBR."Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Many individuals involved in friends with benefits relationships establish their own rules, and one surprising trend is the frequent observance of sexual exclusivity. Research on the prevalence of FWBRs has focused largely on students in the USA, but there is limited data on FWBRs in Poland, where they appear to be rising in popularity, influenced by dating sites and population migrations. Studies indicate that men, residents of larger cities, and less religious individuals are more likely to participate in FWBRs.Summary: FWBRs offer a unique dynamic where individuals can avoid the emotional commitments and negative traits of traditional romantic relationships. However, these relationships also present challenges, such as differing expectations between the partners and the societal stigma that may be associated with them.

Entangled Independence: From Labor Rights to Gig "Empowerment" Under the Algorithmic Gaze

This study offers a critical analysis of how the Indian gig platform, Urban Company (UC), mobilizes the promise of empowerment to assemble, discipline and algorithmically entangle its gig labor force. Much of the scholarship on gig work has described how the (mis)classification of gig workers as independent contractors allows gig corporations to abdicate their employment responsibilities, thereby disentangling the traditional employer-employee relationship. By contrast, UC promises to invest in it's Indian gig workforce, with offerings such as health insurance and financial loans to counter the enduring socio-economic precarity of the Indian labor market. However, through a critical content analysis of UCs' public media, we find that UC's organization of such ''social security'' benefits rests on an insidious system of algorithmic evaluation and classification. Access to benefits is conditional, determined by the platform's algorithmic control mechanisms, which classify workers as worthy or unworthy on a shifting basis. Mobilizing Agre's analysis of business discourses of ''empowered work'', we highlight how UC's algorithmic classification of workers creates a system of ''conditional empowerment.'' This system reflects a critical shift in the labor process, from rights-based labor regimes to a neoliberal social order where individuals must constantly prove their worth.

Rheumatology in the digital health era: status quo and quo vadis?

Rheumatology faces a critical shortage of health-care professionals, exacerbated by an ageing patient population and escalating costs, resulting in widening gaps in care. Exponential advances in digital health technologies (DHTs) in the past 5 years offer new opportunities to address these challenges and could contribute to overall improved health care. However, keeping pace with innovations and integrating them into clinical practice can be challenging. This Review explores the transformative potential of DHTs for rheumatology in reshaping the entire patient pathway and redefining the roles of patients and providers, and discusses the potential barriers to DHT integration. Key technologies, such as large language models, clinical decision-support systems, digital therapeutics, electronic patient-reported outcomes, digital biomarkers, robots, self-sampling devices and artificial intelligence-based scribes, can be implemented along the patient pathway. A digital-first hybrid stepped-care patient pathway could combine in-person and remote care, enabling personalized and continuous monitoring through a digital safety net. The potential benefits and risks of transforming the traditional patient-provider relationship into a digital health triad with technology are discussed. Collaborative efforts are needed to navigate the evolving digital health landscape and harness the potential of DHTs to improve rheumatology care.

An optimized method for dose-effect prediction of traditional Chinese medicine based on 1D-ResCNN-PLS.

We introduce a one-dimensional (1D) residual convolutional neural network with Partial Least Squares (1D-ResCNN-PLS) to solve the covariance and nonlinearity problems in traditional Chinese medicine dose-effect relationship data. The model combines a 1D convolutional layer with a residual block to extract nonlinear features and employs PLS for prediction. Tested on the Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction datasets, the model significantly outperformed conventional models, achieving high accuracies, sensitivities, specificities, and AUC values, with considerable reductions in mean square error. Our results confirm its effectiveness in nonlinear data processing and demonstrate potential for broader application across public datasets.

Transforming the Patient-Provider Relationship Through Digitalized Peer Support in Japan

ABSTRACT The recent explosion in online dissemination of health-related information, and its availability to more and more people around the world, has led to a situation in which both healthcare providers and patients are accepting new roles. This paper examines the transformations toward new roles for healthcare professionals and patients, with a focus on Japan, based on the assumption that one of the driving forces accelerating these changes may be the digitalization of patient peer support. The methods used in this study were: 1) questionnaires and interviews with patients and healthcare providers asking about their participation in peer support and the effectiveness of its implementation; and 2) observations, questionnaires, and interviews with three patient groups about the experience of digitalizing peer support (via implementation of peer support in a virtual reality space). Analysis of the data showed that peer support by patient groups has both challenges and benefits, and that peer support in virtual spaces has certain positive effects. The empowerment of patients through digitalized peer support is transforming the relationship between healthcare providers and patients, changing it from a traditional asymmetrical relationship (in which the healthcare professionals are in a dominant position) to a cooperative relationship on a more equal footing.

The breakthrough of oxide pathway mechanism in stability and scaling relationship for water oxidation.

An in-depth understanding of electrocatalytic mechanisms is essential for advancing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The emerging oxide pathway mechanism (OPM) streamlines direct O-O radical coupling, circumventing the formation of oxygen vacancy defects featured in the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) and bypassing additional reaction intermediates (*OOH) inherent to the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM). With only *O and *OH as intermediates, OPM-driven electrocatalysts stand out for their ability to disrupt traditional scaling relationships while ensuring stability. This review compiles the latest significant advances in OPM-based electrocatalysis, detailing design principles, synthetic methods, and sophisticated techniques to identify active sites and pathways. We conclude with prospective challenges and opportunities for OPM-driven electrocatalysts, aiming to advance the field into a new era by overcoming traditional constraints.

Study on the influence law of flooding phenomenon in the killing operation of empty wells

Flooding in the process of well killing in empty wells results in a waste of kill fluid and increases the time of well killing, which is not conducive to its smooth operation. To address this problem, a large-size vertical visualization experimental device was designed and constructed, falling experiments were performed on kill fluid under different apparent gas velocities, apparent liquid velocities, and kill-fluid viscosities, and the gas–liquid two-phase migration state at the injection point during the process of flooding was analyzed in this study. Commonly used critical gas velocity models of flooding were compared, considering the influence of fluid properties and rheological parameters on the critical gas velocity. A combination of dimensionless numbers was used to fit the experimental data, and a model of the critical gas velocity of flooding was established. The comparison results showed that the prediction accuracy of the relationship in this study was higher than that of the traditional relationship, with an average error of 9.89%. The influence of different parameters on the critical gas velocity of flooding was analyzed, and the key parameters for well killing in empty wells were optimized, providing a theoretical basis for empty well killing operations.

Perceived usefulness of sex and relationship education sources among sexual minority men

ABSTRACT Intimacy and relationships are important to sexual minority men, yet traditional sex and relationship education from sources such as schools and families may lack perceived usefulness. Consequently, sexual minority men may seek information from alternative sources, but little research has explored the usefulness of these alternatives. A national survey of sexual minority men in Australia (n = 936, Mage = 38.9) evaluated the usefulness of seven sources of information: school programmes, family, peers and friends, social media and the Internet, popular culture, pornography, and official information sources. Five topics were examined for each source: sexual and reproductive physiology, HIV/STI prevention, relationship skills, consent and needs negotiation, and sexual and intimate behaviours. Participants rated the sources as minimally to moderately useful. Official information sources were rated most useful, followed by peers and friends, social media and the Internet, popular culture, pornography, school, and family. Older men found most sources less useful than younger participants. Perceived usefulness varied across topics (e.g. popular culture and peers and friends rated most useful for relationship skills). These findings underscore the limited relevance of conventional sex and relationship education for sexual minority men and highlight the need for enhanced education programmes.

Regulating Local Coordination Sphere of Ir Single Atoms at the Atomic Interface for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Single-atom catalysts dispersed on an oxide support are essential for overcoming the sluggishness of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the durability of most metal single-atoms is compromised under harsh OER conditions due to their low coordination (weak metal-support interactions) and excessive disruption of metal-Olattice bonds to enable lattice oxygen participation, leading to metal dissolution and hindering their practical applicability. Herein, we systematically regulate the local coordination of Irsingle-atoms at the atomic level to enhance the performance of the OER by precisely modulating their steric localization on the NiO surface. Compared to conventional Irsingle-atoms adsorbed on NiO surface, the atomic Ir atoms partially embedded within the NiO surface (Iremb-NiO) exhibit a 2-fold increase in Ir-Ni second-shell interaction revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), suggesting stronger metal-support interactions. Remarkably, Iremb-NiO with tailored coordination sphere exhibits excellent alkaline OER mass activity and long-term durability (degradation rate: ∼1 mV/h), outperforming commercial IrO2 (∼26 mV/h) and conventional Irsingle-atoms on NiO (∼7 mV/h). Comprehensive operando X-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopies, along with pH-dependence activity tests, identified high-valence atomic Ir sites embedded on the NiOOH surface during the OER followed the lattice oxygen mechanism, thereby circumventing the traditional linear scaling relationships. Moreover, the enhanced Ir-Ni second-shell interaction in Iremb-NiO plays a crucial role in imparting structural rigidity to Ir single-atoms, thereby mitigating Ir-dissolution and ensuring superior OER kinetics alongside sustained durability.

Is My Doctor Human? Acceptance of AI among Patients with Breast Cancer.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important in society, and medicine can benefit from its advantages. What scenario can we envision when AI becomes as powerful and accurate as human physicians? How will the traditional patient-doctor relationship be affected by AI? Will patients come to trust and accept AI-assisted healthcare as much as their human counterparts? Our research team has been working on applications of AI in plastic surgery for more than 4 years. Between 2020 and 2024, AI algorithms were developed by the authors and applied on patients for symmetry evaluation after breast cancer surgery. Patients were aware of being evaluated with images for AI model training and assessment. Feedback was reported, and a survey was carried out among patients who underwent evaluation by our team. Among patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical reconstruction, 65% of patients reported very high levels of comfort with AI, given that it was mediated by a human doctor. Patients stated that nondoctor-mediated AI in medicine would greatly reduce trust. The influence of AI on the patient-doctor relationship is an important aspect that will greatly affect medicine. In this preliminary work, patients showed high levels of trust and comfort with the use of AI in healthcare, despite stating that they knew little about AI. Patients insisted that the mediation of a human doctor is key for acceptance. Currently, little is known about the acceptance of AI in medical roles among patients.

Decoding Inflation and Unemployment: Exploring the Phillips Curve’s Insights on Short-Term and Long-Term Economic Dynamics

The purpose of this study is to analyse the short-term and long-term economic dynamics based on the Phillips Curve regarding the relationship between inflation and unemployment. The analysis results show that there is an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment when viewed from the Phillips Curve model in the short-term. The concept of the Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU) and the Non-Rapid Inflationary Unemployment Rate (NAIRU) emphasizes that the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the long term will weaken due to people's inflation expectations. The results of the study also show that globalization and rapid technological developments are increasingly blurring the traditional relationship between inflation and unemployment, and the importance of adaptive monetary and fiscal policies. The results of this study provide insight for policymakers to formulate more effective strategies to manage inflation and unemployment.

Analytical and descriptive study of the production behavior for pilot multi-stages hydraulic fracturing wells in southeast Iraq

The hydraulic fracturing technique is a widely used technique worldwide, making it interesting to study. This technique was applied for the first time in Iraq on a tight carbonate reservoir in the Halfaya oil field. In this field, the oil production rates, and flowing pressure were low during production periods reflecting a problem for the development plan designed to increase production using a hydraulic fracture technique. Initially, the hydraulic fracture well showed high oil-producing rates, but then, quickly experienced a high decline failing to keep a stable production rate. To address this problem, it is important to describe and analyze the behavior of pilot hydraulic fracturing wells during their production period, study the inflow performance relationship (IPR), and determine the optimum wellhead pressure above the bubble point pressure (Pb) to avoid loss of lifting energy. Furthermore, it identifies the allowable flow rate to keep stable production, investigates the effect of selecting internal tubing size, and reveals a future production procedure for hydraulic fracture wells. This study reveals that the transient inflow performance relationship observed in the production history of hydraulic fracture well in the tight carbonate reservoir and traditional inflow performance relationship concepts are not applicable. The optimum wellhead pressure for stability in production for Wells w-5 and w-55 is determined to be 750 and 580 psi with optimum rates of 800 and 450 Bbl/D, respectively. The results also showed that producing at a high flow rate may cause a depletion in the fracture potential storage without giving an opportunity for a reservoir to compensate for the produced fluid into fracturing potential storage. The internal tubing size has a passive effect on the hydraulic fracture well, as an increase in size causes an unstable flow zone. Lastly, future production procedures emphasize keeping wellhead pressures stable or increasing them if they drop. This can be accomplished by re-adjusting the choke size according to any changes observed.

Comparative analysis of developing traditional and platform employment relations

Platform employment covers an increasing proportion of the population. What are its modern features? What are the common features and differences compared to traditional employment? What changes are possible and necessary in the future? The purpose of this article is to determine the directions of their evolution in traditional and platform forms of interaction based on a comparative analysis of developing the relations between employees and employers. Research methodology: institutional and post–Keynesian approaches, theories of personnel management – concepts of scientific management, administrative, human resources and relations, behavioral, human. The methods used are comparative analysis, statistical data processing and interviews. This made it possible to define criteria for comparing traditional and platform employment relationships. These include the legal status of performers, social guarantees, labor incentives, and institutional forms of protection. A common feature is the convergence of forms of regulation of the types of employment under consideration. The difference lies in a greater flexibility and riskiness of platform employment compared to traditional employment. This determines the attractiveness of interaction with labor digital platforms (LDP) which is a new kind of social institutions involved in the process of expanding social responsibility. The implementation of modern theories of personnel management in the traditional sector of the economy has led to forming a new type of an employee. Its LDF are growing creativity, initiative, and risk-taking. The number of people interested in self-provision of works and services is increasing. The shopping centers have created additional opportunities for this. The trends in the development of traditional and platform employment coincide. For platform employment, the deadlines for their implementation are shorter. To solve the social problems of individuals, it is necessary to preserve institutional approaches to employment relations. The article offers practical recommendations to resolve this contradiction in each of the criteria for comparing traditional and platform employment.

A look at the possible impact of Apple's new policy on third-party apps and the data food chain of iOS users

The research presents and discusses that Apple's new policy of applying the privacy application framework "App Tracking Transparency" to Apple's IOS14 system has implications for third-party companies in the data food chain as well as users. Users has paid attention to private information including consumption habits, spending power, product preferences, price sensitivity. We found that Apple's new Privacy Application Framework gives Apple absolute dominance in the data food chain of smart media users, Apple and the Apple ecosystem, third-party application platforms, and downstream marketing companies that provide data mining analysis for third-party applications, changing the traditional equal relationship between third-party application platforms and their direct access to user data.