Relationship Of Sociodemographic Factors Research Articles

Examining the relationship of sociodemographic factors, neighborhood cohesion and abnormal sleep duration among U.S. foreign-born subpopulations in the National Health Interview Survey

BackgroundLimited studies have examined the relationship of neighborhood cohesion and sleep duration between U.S. foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsWe conducted a multinomial logistic regression using the 2013-2018 National Health Interview Survey on U.S. foreign-born adults ≥18 (N = 27,253). The outcome variable, sleep duration, was categorized as short sleep (≤6 hours), normal sleep (7 to 8 hours), and long sleep (≥9 hours). Neighborhood cohesion was categorized using tertiles (low, medium, high) from self-reported Likert scores. Our model included sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, marital status), socioeconomic status (i.e., education, employment status), health risk behaviors (i.e., body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status), ethnic identity (i.e., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central or South American, other/multiple Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic/Latino), and acculturation factors (i.e., years lived in the U.S.; the language of interview).ResultsParticipants reporting low and medium neighborhood cohesion compared to high neighborhood cohesion had 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.33-1.58) and 15% (95%CI:1.05-1.26) increased odds of short sleep (≤6 hours), compared to normal average sleep. Mexican participants had decreased odds of experiencing short sleep (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.82, 95%CI:0.73-0.92), while Puerto Ricans had increased odds of experiencing short sleep (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI:1.03-1.51) compared to non-Hispanics/Latinos.ConclusionNeighborhood cohesion was associated with increased odds of short sleep duration. Social determinants, acculturation, and behavioral risk factors in the context of neighborhood cohesion are critical to understand U.S. foreign-born Hispanic/Latino sleep duration, as these factors may negatively synergize to exacerbate risk, worsening mental and physical health outcomes.

Relationship of socio-demographic factors, knowledge, attitude, and food consumption behavior among vocational high school students during COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia

Background: Maintaining a nutritious eating behavior for school children is one of the important health issues to be carried out during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The roles of parents, teachers, and health workers are necessary for school children. Objective: This study aimed to determine socio-demographic factors, knowledge, attitude, and food consumption behavior among vocational high school students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Municipality of Sleman, Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional design was employed among 84 students selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected in September 2021 using validated questionnaires. Chi-square test and multi logistic regression were used to examine associations between independent variables and food consumption behavior. Results: The majority of the respondents were females (94%), and the range of age of all the respondents was 15-18 years old. The multi logistic regression showed that the students who had low family income (Adj. OR = 4.38, 95% CI = 1.26-15.19), poor knowledge (Adj. OR = 8.39, 95% CI = 2.10-33.52), and had no roles of parent (Adj. OR= 5.45, 95% CI = 2.37-23.43) statistically significantly had poor food consumption behavior. Conclusion: The main variables that significantly influenced food consumption behavior in vocational high school students were level of knowledge, family income, and the role of parents. This study may serve as input for public health decision-makers to improve health promotion to the students in the school.

The relationship of socio-demographic factors and patient attitudes to connected health technologies: A survey of stroke survivors.

More evidence is needed on technology implementation for remote monitoring and self-management across the various settings relevant to chronic conditions. This paper describes the findings of a survey designed to explore the relevance of socio-demographic factors to attitudes towards connected health technologies in a community of patients. Stroke survivors living in the UK were invited to answer questions about themselves and about their attitudes to a prototype remote monitoring and self-management app developed around their preferences. Eighty (80) responses were received and analysed, with limitations and results presented in full. Socio-demographic factors were not found to be associated with variations in participants' willingness to use the system and attitudes to data sharing. Individuals' levels of interest in relevant technology was suggested as a more important determinant of attitudes. These observations run against the grain of most relevant literature to date, and tend to underline the importance of prioritising patient-centred participatory research in efforts to advance connected health technologies.

The Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in Young Patients of Our Community.

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory, demyelinating syndrome of the central nervous system (CNS) which affects the spinal cord and optic nerves. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical appearance of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease in young children in our communityMaterials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was done in the neurology departments of the Combined Military Hospital & Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi for six months from April 2020 to September 2020. Eighty people between the ages of 18 and 45 with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder participated in this prospective research. The patient's demographic profile includes information such as age, gender, length and kind of sickness, and symptoms. The relationship of socio-demographic factors was assessed with the involvement of more than one organ system at the time of presentation.ResultsThe final study comprised of 80 patients of whom 31 (38.5 percent) were men and 49 (61.25%) were women. Fifty-four (67.5%) patients were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis while 26 (32.5%) had neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Most of the patients presented with sensory symptoms followed by visual disturbances. Twenty-nine (37%) had involvement of more than one system while 51 (63%) had involvement of only one system at the time of presentation. Female gender and having a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis had a statistically significant relationship with involvement of one than one system.ConclusionsIn individuals with MS and NMO, motor, sensory, and visual symptoms were often observed at the time of presentation. Involvement of one than one system at the time of presentation was fairly common among these patients and females and patients having a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis were more at risk of involvement of more than one system.

Relationship of socio-demographic factors with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia

Relationship of socio-demographic factors with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia

Nutritional Habits and Obesity: A Case Study among Pakistani Universities Students

Objectives: To investigate the obesity intensity and relationship of socio-demographic factors like gender, residential area (Rural/Urban), Hostelite/Non-Hostelite on the nutritional habits and body mass index (BMI) among different public universities students of Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted for mentioned objectives from 10 Nov to 10 Dec 2017. Total of 442 students from five different public sector universities participated in the survey from age group 19 to 24 years. Results: Out of total 442 participants, 65.4% of participants were from urban areas and 34.6 % belong to rural areas of country. Regarding BMI; 261 (59.0%) were with Normal BMI, 113 (25.6%) were Underweight, 60 (13.6%) were Overweight and 8 (1.8%) were Obese. Statistical analysis done by using Chi-square test, which revealed positive correlation between nutritional habits and area of residence (P=0.035, Chi Value=8.627), while less convincing evidence in case of BMI and area of residence (P=0.603, Chi Value=1.855).Interdependence was observed in case of BMI and gender (p-value=0.010 (<0.05) whereas no significance relation was observed between nutritional habits and Hostelite/ Non-Hostelites (p-value=0.109 (>0.05). Conclusion: BMI calculation and statistical results revealed that significant proportion of students was in underweight (25.6%) and overweight (13.6%) category. Chi-square test validated that students from rural areas are more vegans as compared to urban areas. Applied statics confirmed the significant relationship between gender and BMI which revealed that more female students were underweight while more male were overweight. Urban areas subjects were under weight as compared to rural areas. There is dire need of nutritional education and awareness campaigns regarding healthy nutrition among students.

Diet-related chronic disease in the northeastern United States: a model-based clustering approach.

BackgroundObesity and diabetes are global public health concerns. Studies indicate a relationship between socioeconomic, demographic and environmental variables and the spatial patterns of diet-related chronic disease. In this paper, we propose a methodology using model-based clustering and variable selection to predict rates of obesity and diabetes. We test this method through an application in the northeastern United States.MethodsWe use model-based clustering, an unsupervised learning approach, to find latent clusters of similar US counties based on a set of socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental variables chosen through the process of variable selection. We then use Analysis of Variance and Post-hoc Tukey comparisons to examine differences in rates of obesity and diabetes for the clusters from the resulting clustering solution.ResultsWe find access to supermarkets, median household income, population density and socioeconomic status to be important in clustering the counties of two northeastern states. The results of the cluster analysis can be used to identify two sets of counties with significantly lower rates of diet-related chronic disease than those observed in the other identified clusters. These relatively healthy clusters are distinguished by the large central and large fringe metropolitan areas contained in their component counties. However, the relationship of socio-demographic factors and diet-related chronic disease is more complicated than previous research would suggest. Additionally, we find evidence of low food access in two clusters of counties adjacent to large central and fringe metropolitan areas. While food access has previously been seen as a problem of inner-city or remote rural areas, this study offers preliminary evidence of declining food access in suburban areas.ConclusionsModel-based clustering with variable selection offers a new approach to the analysis of socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental data for diet-related chronic disease prediction. In a test application to two northeastern states, this method allows us to identify two sets of metropolitan counties with significantly lower diet-related chronic disease rates than those observed in most rural and suburban areas. Our method could be applied to larger geographic areas or other countries with comparable data sets, offering a promising method for researchers interested in the global increase in diet-related chronic disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-015-0017-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Attitudes to aging in midlife are related to health conditions and mood.

Health is an important aspect of individuals' lives as they age. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of sociodemographic factors, diagnosed chronic health conditions, and current depression with attitudes to aging in midlife. A cross-sectional baseline analysis was conducted on the first 300 participants from the Canterbury Health, Ageing and Life Course study in New Zealand, a stratified randomized community longitudinal study of adults recruited between 49 and 51 years. Attitudes were measured using the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ) and analyzed with a range of prevalent diagnosed chronic conditions, current depression, and sociodemographic variables. Individuals perceived their physical aging more negatively after a diagnosis of hypertension, arthritis or asthma. Diagnosed lifetime depression and anxiety, and current depression, showed strong relationships with attitudes to aging across domains. After controlling for sociodemographic factors and current depression, individuals with diagnosed hypertension, arthritis, asthma, lifetime depression or anxiety continued to report significantly more negative attitudes to aging. Current depression showed the strongest associations with attitudes to aging and mediated relationships of health on attitudes to aging. Physical and mental health are related to attitudes to aging. Most chronic conditions examined are significantly associated with attitudes toward aging in the physical change domain. Diagnosed lifetime depression and anxiety, and current depression, are negatively related across attitudinal domains. Individuals can feel positive about aging while experiencing poorer health, but this is more difficult in the presence of low mood.

Resilience in Older Adults Living in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Areas

Background: Possessing high levels of resilience may be one factor that helps older adults adjust to the hardships associated with aging. Residing in a rural, urban, or suburban location may impact the resilience level of older adults.Purpose: First, to determine if resilience levels vary in older adults living in rural, urban, or suburban areas. Second, to determine if the relationships of socio-demographic factors (age, income, education, marital and employment status), social networks, health status, and resilience vary with the location in which older adults live.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 277 registered voters aged 65 years or over who lived in rural, suburban, or urban locations in New York State. The instruments used were the Resilience Scale, the SF-12v2, and the Lubben Social Network Scale-revised.Results: No differences were found in resilience levels across the three locations. In regression analysis, stronger family networks, lower household income, and good mental and physical health status were found to be significantly associated with high resilience levels.Conclusion: The location in which older adults reside did not affect resilience levels. Strong social ties and good mental and physical health were associated with resilience. The surprising association with resilience was low income. Mental health status was most strongly associated with resilience in older adults. Screening older adults for resilience levels and intervening when low levels are identified by implementing strategies to build resilience may be clinically relevant; however further research is needed.

Variation in subjective oral health indicators of 65-year-olds in Norway and Sweden

Objective. Guided by the conceptual framework of Gilbert and co-workers, this study assesses satisfaction with oral health as reported by 65-year-olds in Sweden and Norway, the relationship of socio-demographic factors, clinical and subjective oral health indicators with satisfaction of oral health, and the consistency of those relationships across countries. Material and methods. In 2007, standardized questionnaires were mailed to all the residents in two counties in Sweden and three in Norway who were born in 1942. Response rates were 73.1% (n=6078) in Sweden and 56.0% (n=4062) in Norway. Results. Totals of 76.8% of the Swedish and 76.5% of the Norwegian participants reported satisfaction with oral health. Corresponding figures for toothache were 48.1% (Sweden) versus 51.5% (Norway), and for temporomandibular joint symptoms, 10.9% (Sweden) versus 15.1% (Norway). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects who perceived they had bad health, smoked daily, had missing teeth, experienced toothache, had problems with chewing, bad breath, and oral impacts were less likely than their counterparts in the opposite groups to be satisfied with their oral health status. The corresponding odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 0.08 (problems chewing) to 0.2 (oral impact). No statistically significant two-way interactions occurred and the model explained 46% of the variance in satisfaction with oral health across the two countries (45% in Sweden and 47% in Norway). Conclusions. The oral condition of 65-year-olds in Norway and Sweden produced impacts in oral symptoms, functional limitations, and problems with daily activities that varied to some extent. Satisfaction with oral health varied by socio-demographic factors and subjective oral health indicators. A full understanding of the oral health and treatment needs of 65-year-olds cannot be captured by clinical measures alone.

The relationships of sociodemographic factors, medical, psychiatric, and substance-misuse co-morbidities to neurocognition in short-term abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals

Co-morbidities that commonly accompany those afflicted with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) may promote variability in the pattern and magnitude of neurocognitive abnormalities demonstrated. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of several common co-morbid medical conditions (primarily hypertension and hepatitis C), psychiatric (primarily unipolar mood and anxiety disorders), and substance use (primarily psychostimulant and cannabis) disorders, and chronic cigarette smoking on the neurocognitive functioning in short-term abstinent, treatment-seeking individuals with AUD. Seventy-five alcohol-dependent participants (ALC; 51 ± 9 years of age; three females) completed comprehensive neurocognitive testing after approximately 1 month of abstinence. Multivariate multiple linear regression evaluated the relationships among neurocognitive variables and medical conditions, psychiatric, and substance-use disorders, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Sixty-four percent of ALC had at least one medical, psychiatric, or substance-abuse co-morbidity (excluding smoking). Smoking status (smoker or nonsmoker) and age were significant independent predictors of cognitive efficiency, general intelligence, postural stability, processing speed, and visuospatial memory after age-normed adjustment and control for estimated pre-morbid verbal intelligence, education, alcohol consumption, and medical, psychiatric, and substance-misuse co-morbidities. Results indicated that chronic smoking accounted for a significant portion of the variance in the neurocognitive performance of this middle-aged AUD cohort. The age-related findings for ALC suggest that alcohol dependence, per se, was associated with diminished neurocognitive functioning with increasing age. The study of participants who demonstrate common co-morbidities observed in AUD is necessary to fully understand how AUD, as a clinical syndrome, affects neurocognition, brain neurobiology, and their changes with extended abstinence.

Sociodemographic risk factors of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women: results from a population-based study of Swedish women, The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study

Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a common health problem in menopausal women. According to The Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III, MS includes the combination of three or more of the following risk factors: abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, high blood pressure, high serum triglycerides and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol.Objectives To assess the prevalence of the MS in middle-aged women, and the relationships of sociodemographic factors to the MS.Methods This analysis covers 10 766 women born between December 2, 1935 and December 1, 1945, living in the Lund area of Sweden by December 1, 1995.Results We found that 11.6% of women with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 56.9 ± 3.06 years had MS. Women with MS were older and had higher scores for body weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, pulse rate, pulse pressure, serum triglycerides and total serum cholesterol (p < 0.001 for all) compared to the control group. More MS women were smokers, less often consumers of alcohol, and less qualified. In addition, they had low-intensity physical activity at leisure time (p < 0.001) and high-intensity physical activity at work (p = 0.009). Premenopausal women and those treated with hormones had less MS (p < 0.001). Education, physical activity at leisure time, moderate intensity of physical activity at work, alcohol intake and smoking had strong association with MS but work status, household status and dietary habits had no significant association with MS.Conclusions Sociodemographic features may contribute to MS. Hence, prevention of MS should encompass sociodemographic features.