Related Properties Research Articles

On typologically relevant properties of Andic verbal grammatical systems

Despite the fact that Andic languages ( East Caucasian) are widely recognised as agglutinating, their verbal systems barely demonstrate any agglutinating properties. The most important characteristics of these systems are the incomplete orthogonality of grammatical categories and the related properties of semantic non-additivity or morphological idiomaticity. In terms of morphotactic structure, different Andic systems can be either morphotactically complex or simplex. The difference is related to the intensity of fusional processes in the system. The relationship between the structures of semantic and formal oppositions in such systems is opaque. Many formatives in formally additive systems exhibit morphomic properties, and their decreased combinatorial potential is manifested in the hierarchical structure of the paradigm. From a typological perspective, such peculiarities are not unexpected for systems expressing predominantly TAM meanings. The paper proposes a number of diachronic considerations to explain the observed characteristics of the systems. Non-orthogonality and semantic non-additivity can be explained by asynchronous grammaticalization, which prevents the formation of orthogonal categories with additive means of expression and is related to different stability of meanings in the system and different rates of their diachronic renovation. Morphomic and hierarchical structures in the paradigm arise due to layering and grammatical drift leading to polysemic and heterosemic meaning structures of markers.

Oral Hygiene, Dietary Habits, and Saliva Properties in Relation to the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index of Dental Students: A Pilot Study

Background and Objectives: Caries development is associated with poor oral hygiene, inadequate dietary habits, quantitative and qualitative food content, and a high level of bacterial plaque. Physical and chemical changes in saliva composition and particularly changes in its buffering capability play a significant role in caries development. This study aimed to determine the predictors of poor oral health among a sample of second-year dental students. Materials and Methods: The oral health of students was estimated with clinical examination and the DMFT index. The interview included questions about demographics status (gender, age), a dietary habits questionnaire, questions about oral hygiene, and a demonstration of tooth brushing technique. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected to measure buffering capacity and pH. Results: Almost half of the students have a low level of caries experience (46.7%), followed by a slightly smaller number having a medium level (41.3%), while one in eight students (12.0%) demonstrates a high level of caries experience. Male students have a statistically higher DMFT index 5.7 ± 1.2 than female participants 4.5 ± 0.5 (p = 0.036). Significant predictors for the DMFT index score in students were milk [β-coefficient = −0.338, p = 0.011] and yoghurt [β-coefficient = 0.284, p = 0.040] consumption. All students brushed their teeth two or more times during the day, usually after waking up before breakfast and before bedtime. Most students (85.3%) apply the proper tooth brushing technique, with female students applying it more frequently (p = 0.038). The mean salivary pH was 6.9, while the mean buffer capacity was 5.8. Female respondents have a statistically lower buffer capacity (5.8 ± 0.5) than male respondents (6.1 ± 0.4) (p = 0.047). Conclusions: Dentistry students are introduced to good oral hygiene habits, especially female students, while dietary habits should be improved. However, one in eight dental students is at high caries risk. By assessing the level of caries experience, targeted strategies can be developed to promote, maintain, and enhance oral health among dental students.

Effect of different sintering process on mechanical properties and microstructure of TiB2‐TiN‐based cermet material

AbstractTiB2‐TiN‐NiTi cermet material was prepared by spark plasma sintering technology (SPS). The effects of the sintering process on their relative density, mechanical properties, and microstructure were studied with 74TiB2‐20TiN‐6NiTi as the composition system. The results showed that TiB2‐TiN‐based cermet material with the best mechanical properties was prepared under the sintering temperature of 1650°C and the holding time of 5 min. The relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness are 97.7%, 762.7 MPa, 5.5 MPa·m1/2, and 18.47 GPa, respectively. However, if the holding time keeps for 3 min under the sintering temperature of 900°C and then 5 min under the sintering temperature of 1650°C, the relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of TiB2‐TiN‐based cermet reach 99.1%, 931.3 MPa, 5.8 MPa·m1/2, and 19.15 GPa, respectively. In comparison, they have been greatly improved by 1.4%, 22.1%, 5.5%, and 3.7%, respectively. The final holding time can also affect the mechanical properties of TiB2‐TiN‐based cermet material. When it is higher than 5 min, it will cause irregular growth and abnormal growth of grains, which can decrease the flexural strength of TiB2‐TiN‐based cermet material.

Incorporating Cattle Manure Improves Hydraulic Properties and Enhances Infiltration Rates of Low‐Infiltrability Saline‐Sodic Soils

ABSTRACTDrylands present a significant challenge to global agricultural production, especially in dryland saline‐sodic soils, which are marked by poor structure and low infiltrability. Enhancing the infiltration capacity of these soils is crucial for enhancing soil health and optimizing land‐use efficiency. However, few studies have been conducted to improve soil physical structure and enhance water infiltration and storage capacity in saline‐sodic soils through agricultural waste. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cattle manure amendments in improving water infiltration and related soil properties in dryland saline‐sodic soils. Our results show that mixing cattle manure into the topsoil soil significantly enhances infiltration rates, with the initial and the stable infiltration rates increasing on average by 64.5% and 52.1%, respectively, over the three‐year study period. These improvements are associated with a reduction in bulk density and soil compressive strength by 6.9% and 101.9%, respectively, as well as increases in total porosity, non‐capillary porosity, and soil organic matter by 6.6%, 24.7%, and 8.7%, respectively. In contrast, cattle manure mulching in the topsoil has no significant impact on infiltration and soil properties. Structural equation models reveal that soil water content, non‐capillary porosity, and total porosity are the primary properties influencing the stable infiltration rates, whereas total porosity, soil compressive strength, and non‐capillary porosity are key factors affecting the initial infiltration rate. Our findings demonstrated that incorporating cattle manure into the soil can effectively enhance the soil porosity properties, infiltrability, and organic matter content of saline‐sodic soils. These findings highlight the potential of cattle manure to improve soil physical properties and enhance water infiltration in low‐infiltrability saline‐sodic soils, offering a theoretical basis for addressing this issue in semiarid regions.

Deep learning of spectra: Predicting the dielectric function of semiconductors

Predicting spectra and related properties such as the dielectric function of crystalline materials based on machine learning has a huge, hitherto unexplored, technological potential. For this reason, we create an database of 9915 dielectric tensors of semiconductors and insulators calculated in the independent-particle approximation (IPA). In addition, we present the family of machine learning models, a series of graph attention neural networks (GAT) trained to predict the dielectric function and refractive index. yields accurate prediction of spectra of semiconductors using only their crystal structure. Smooth, artifact-free curves are obtained without these properties being enforced by penalties. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The Iron Spin Transitions in Hydrous Fe3+‐Bearing Bridgmanite and Its Geophysical Properties in the Lower Mantle

AbstractHydrous Fe3+‐bearing bridgmanite (Bdg) is potentially a critical water host in the lowermost mantle. The spin transition behaviors of such materials are pivotal for understanding geophysical heterogeneity in the deep Earth but are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spin transition and related geophysical properties of Fe3+ with associated H defects [Fe3+‐H] at high P‐T conditions using first‐principles simulations. Our calculations predict that the presence of hydrogen reduces the onset pressure of the spin transition of Fe3+ in Bdg, leading to higher fractions of low spin Fe3+. Along standard geotherms, spin transition is predicted to remain incomplete even at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB), and lateral temperature variations would significantly affect the proportions of high and low spin Fe and related properties like elasticity. The thermoelastic property of hydrous Fe3+‐bearing bridgmanite exhibit stronger softening anomalies at the lower mantle conditions compared to dry system, which potentially enhancing the seismic detectability of the hydrous Bdg in the deep earth. Density profile of hydrous Fe3+‐bearing bridgmanite indicates that the [Fe3+‐H] defect modestly increases the system's density, but much less than that caused by incorporating an equivalent amount of iron alone. This is crucial for understanding regions like Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs), which exhibits large velocity drops but only minor density changes. The co‐adsorption of Fe and H allows for the introduction of Fe to induce velocity drops without the concomitant sharp increase in density, as pure iron would, thus enabling Fe‐H enrichment as a potential source of LLSVPs.

Preparation and properties of Ni-SiO2 superhydrophobic coating by brush plating on inner wall of pipeline

Coal is easy to stay on the inner wall of the pipeline during transportation. In order to solve this problem, it is usually necessary to improve the hydrophobicity of the inner wall of the pipeline. In this study, 45 # steel, which is wear-resistant and has good machinability, is used as the matrix for coal pipeline. Ni-SiO2 composite coatings were prepared on the inner surface of 45 # steel pipelines using a novel brush plating tool, and the hydrophobicity of the coatings were evaluated. Firstly, a series of four-factor and three-level orthogonal tests were conducted to investigate the impact of brush plating working voltage (12V, 14V, 16V), nanoparticle concentration (1g/L, 2g/L, 3g/L), brush plating duration (2min, 3.5min, 5min), and bath temperature (25 ℃, 35 ℃, 45 ℃) on the hydrophobicity of the composite coating. Subsequently, optimum process parameters were determined. Then 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane was used to modify the coating surface in order to further improve its hydrophobicity. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrum analyzer (EDS), optical contact angle measuring instrument, white light interferometer, Vickers hardness tester, scratch tester, friction and wear meter and electrochemical workstation were used to evaluate the coating's related properties. The experimental results show that the Ni-SiO2 nano-composite coating has a higher angle (135°) when the operational voltage of brush plating is 14V, the amount of nanoparticles is 3g/L, the brush plating time is 2min, and the bath temperature is 35 ℃. The concentration of nanoparticles is the biggest factor affecting the hydrophobicity through orthogonal test analysis, so the control variable method is used to further study the influence of the concentration of nanoparticles on the comprehensive performance of the coating. It was found that with the increase of nanoparticle concentration, surface quality and comprehensive performance of the coating showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the surface of the coating was rougher when the nanoparticles were added at 4g/L, and the maximum porosity was 31.34%. At this time, the contact angle of the super hydrophobic coating has reached 150.1°, which has reached the super hydrophobicity, and the coating has good hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

Relationship of Dose and Signal Enhancement Properties of Gadoquatrane, a New Tetrameric, Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent, Compared With Gadobutrol: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Adults.

To investigate the signal-enhancement properties of the tetrameric gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadoquatrane in relation to the administered dose and compare its properties to those of a standard dose of gadobutrol, as a representative of the currently established macrocyclic GBCAs for magnetic resonance imaging. In this randomized, single-blind, 4 × 4 crossover study, 43 healthy adults (19-50 years of age) received 3 single IV injections of gadoquatrane (0.01, 0.03, and 0.06 mmol gadolinium/kg body weight) and 1 injection of gadobutrol (0.1 mmol gadolinium/kg body weight) in randomized sequence with 1-week washout periods between administrations. The relative signal enhancement (RSE) was determined in predefined areas of interest in magnetic resonance image sets of the head-neck region. RSE-vs-dose curves (dose-response curves) were established by linear regression, and comparator-equivalent doses were determined by Bayesian inverse regression analysis. Further, 3 blood samples were taken after each injection for pharmacokinetic analyses, and safety data were assessed. The RSE increased with gadoquatrane dose. A linear function adequately fitted this relationship. In line with the more than 2-fold higher r1 relaxivity of gadoquatrane per gadolinium ion, gadobutrol-equivalent RSE was achieved with gadoquatrane at less than half the gadolinium dose and less than one eighth of the molecule dose.Administration of gadoquatrane and gadobutrol resulted in very similar dose-normalized gadolinium concentrations in plasma, indicating that the pharmacokinetic profiles are essentially the same. Both contrast agents were well tolerated. Adverse events were rare and not dependent on the dose administered. Gadoquatrane has the potential to be an effective GBCA that can be used at substantially lower doses in clinical routine than the currently established macrocyclic GBCAs.

Possible origin of Mars-crossing asteroids and related dynamical properties of inner main-belt asteroids

Context. The orbital element distribution of the inner main belt (IMB) provides clues to the origin of the main-belt asteroids. Mars-crossing asteroids (MCAs) and near-Earth objects (NEOs) can provide some references to validate and improve theoretical models of the IMB evolution. Aims. With the updated Asteroid Families Portal database, we analyzed the distribution of orbital elements and the dynamic completeness limit of IMB asteroids. By incorporating larger and more diverse datasets, the study seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the IMB and MCAs origin and evolution. Methods. We fitted the completeness-limit magnitude for the IMB. The size frequency and albedo distribution were used to analyze the family characteristics. The role of chaotic effects in the dynamic evolution of IMB and MCAs is further quantified by simulations. Results. An albedo analysis showed that some halo asteroids may have originated from family asteroids, whereas the remaining non-family asteroids (14%) are likely to be members of a potential ghost family. We estimated the chaotic diffusion of asteroid orbits considering 1M/2A mean motion resonance. The eccentricity diffusion rate is estimated to be 0.45 and the inclination diffusion rate is 0.4 for resonant asteroids. The loss rate of MCAs IIMC(17.6) = 24.13 Myr−1, while the loss rate of the IMB asteroids due to the chaotic diffusion is 0.2648 Myr−1, which represents only 1.1% of MCAs. This indicates that chaotic diffusion has a limited capacity to replenish MCAs. However, for the large MCAs, a loss rate of IIMC(12) = 0.2646 Myr−1 was observed. This suggests that the large MCAs (H < 12) are in the dynamic equilibrium, primarily evolving through chaotic diffusion.

Influence of strain and point defects on the electronic structure and related properties of (111)NiO epitaxial films

Influence of strain and point defects on the electronic structure and related properties of (111)NiO epitaxial films

Triaxial compression and shear strength characteristics of two-stage concrete: an experimental study

The research necessity stems from the need to understand and evaluate the performance of Two-Stage Concrete (TSC) under triaxial compression conditions, as prior studies have predominantly focused on uniaxial and biaxial testing of conventional concrete (CC). This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into the triaxial compressive strength and related mechanical properties of TSC, addressing a critical gap in the existing body of literature. Three different mixtures were prepared, including one CC and two TSC variants with varying cement content. The results and behavior of these mixtures were compared to assess their performance. Findings reveal that TSC, particularly those types with finer aggregates, demonstrates superior shear strength, achieving up to 52.4 MPa under dry conditions, in contrast to the 48.38 MPa observed in CC. Furthermore, TSC exhibits remarkable stress tolerance, withstanding up to 82.04 MPa, significantly outperforming CC, which withstands only 69.61 MPa under similar conditions. This behavior can be attributed to the higher coarse aggregate content, the increased interaction and contact points between coarse aggregates, the improved bonding between them, and the inherent properties of the grout. TSC also maintains a higher modulus of elasticity and internal friction angles, indicating superior deformation behavior and shear resistance. Additionally, TSC shows greater resilience to moisture, suggesting its potential suitability for use in variable moisture environments. These properties highlight the strength of TSC for high-load applications and its suitability for infrastructure prone to environmental fluctuations.

Quickly obtaining densely dispersed coherent particles in steel matrix and its related mechanical property

Quickly obtaining densely dispersed coherent particles in steel matrix and its related mechanical property

Regenerative Material for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Damage: Synthesis and Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(glycolic acid) Composite Matrices

Currently, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation are used to alleviate pain associated with joint cartilage disorders. Hyaluronic acid injections are known not only for their pain-reducing effects but also for stimulating cartilage regeneration. In this study, a regenerative biomaterial platform comprising poly (glycolic acid) mesh and cross-linked hyaluronic acid was developed for the repair of degenerated joint cartilage following microfracture and subchondral bone stimulation. For this purpose, in the first stage, hyaluronic acid gels cross-linked with butanediol diglycidyl ether, containing a concentration of 23 mg/mL, were prepared. The residual butanediol diglycidyl ether cross-linker in the obtained gels was below 1 ppb. The pH value was determined to be 6.95 ± 0.2, and the osmolality was 361.3 ± 2.9 mOsm/kg. The injection force and related rheological properties were investigated. In the second stage, the cross-linked hyaluronic acid gels were impregnated into poly (glycolic acid) meshes, evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and characterized chemically. Finally, the composite matrices were recellularized with chondrocytes, and cell viability analysis was conducted using Alamar Blue. The Alamar Blue results and scanning electron microscopy images of the composite structure consisting of poly (glycolic acid) mesh and cross-linked hyaluronic acid indicated that the structure supports chondrocyte viability.

Assessing grain boundary variability through phase field crystal simulations

Characterization of grain boundaries (GBs) typically focuses exclusively on ideal minimum-energy structures, thus offering a limited perspective on the potential structural diversity and related property variations of GBs. In this study, phase field crystal (PFC) simulations are employed to systematically explore alternative GB states through γ-surface sampling. A large number of tilt and twist GBs are examined in both fcc and bcc bicrystal structures. It is demonstrated that identifying variants in GB structure necessitates considering a set of microscopic degrees of freedom (DOF), comprising the components of relative crystal translation, in addition to the GB's five macroscopic DOF. Taking GB energy and excess volume as examples of key GB properties, a significant spread in GB energy is revealed, stemming from variations in the microscopic DOF, while maintaining constant macroscopic DOF. In addition, the significant variations found in GB excess volume and energy when GB variants are considered challenge the common assumption of a strong correlation between them. Taken together, the findings underscore the importance of recognizing a range of GB structures and properties for each macroscopic GB configuration, rather than relying on singular ideal minimum-energy GB structures, as is usually done. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Inspecting the structural stability, magneto-opto-electronic, and transport characteristics of half-metallic ferromagnets double perovskite oxide (Sr2MoSbO6): A DFT study

The structural, elastic, mechanical, electronic, thermoelectric, and magnetic properties of the double perovskite Sr2MoSbO6 have investigated in this manuscript using Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof Generalized Gradient Approximation (PBE-GGA) with an enhanced Trans Blaha modified Becke Johnson potential (TB-mBJ) approach. Through electro-magnetic and elastic exploration, we have determined that this compound is semiconductor, ferromagnetic, and brittle. Strong hybridisation between the Mo and Sr-d orbitals was seen in the Density of states (DOS) results, which, according to their relative quantities, supports the two states' ionic nature. The Mo atoms contribute significantly to the overall magnetic moment, which is 3.0 μB in total. The semiconducting nature of Sr2MoSbO6 is confirmed by the calculation of the overall electronic parameters. Calculations of thermodynamic parameters for temperature ranges of 0–1200 K and pressure ranges of roughly 0–30 GPa show good agreement between theoretical and experimental data. The DFT Boltzmann transport equations have been used to compute thermoelectric properties in relation to temperature and chemical potential. The p-type character of Sr2MoSbO6 is identified by positive values of the Seebeck coefficient. The power factor (PF), Seebeck coefficient (S), figure of merit (ZT), electrical conductivity, and lattice thermal conductivity were also calculated. It was discovered that this perovskite had a merit figure that was almost equal to one, a very high Seebeck coefficient, and strong electrical conductivity—all of which are consistent with its semiconductor nature. These findings suggest a substance with a great deal of promise for thermoelectrical uses. The results are taken into consideration for future experiments and may be future candidates for spintronics applications.

Oxidation effects on the optical and electrical properties of MoS2 under controlled baking temperatures

As silicon-based semiconductor technology scales down to the nanoscale, it encounters significant physical limitations, including reduced electron mobility, short-channel effects, and increased heat generation, which hinder device performance and reliability. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), offer great potential with superior electrical properties at the nanoscale, but the issue of excessive heat generation in highly integrated circuits persists. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the thermal durability of MoS2 under various heating conditions and its impact on physical properties and device performance. In this study, we systematically investigated the oxidation behavior and related physical property variations of CVD-grown MoS2 monolayers by baking them at different temperatures. It was clearly revealed that high-temperature baking induces p-doping and structural deformation, significantly altering optical and electrical properties. Despite the degradation in device performance, reduced interfacial Coulomb scattering was observed, suggesting potential for improved device stability. This study underscores the importance of understanding thermal stability to accelerate the development of 2D semiconductors for next-generation electronic devices.

AI-Powered Biodiversity Assessment: Species Classification via DNA Barcoding and Deep Learning

Only 1.2 million out of an estimated 8.7 million species on Earth have been fully classified through taxonomy. As biodiversity loss accelerates, ecologists are urgently revising conservation strategies, but the “taxonomic impediment” remains a significant barrier, limiting effective access to and understanding of taxonomic data for many researchers. As sequencing technologies advance, short DNA sequence fragments increasingly serve as DNA barcodes for species identification. Rapid acquisition of DNA sequences from diverse organisms is now possible, highlighting the increasing significance of DNA sequence analysis tools in species identification. This study introduces a new approach for species classification with DNA barcodes based on an ensemble of deep neural networks (DNNs). Several techniques are proposed and empirically evaluated for converting raw DNA sequence data into images fed into the DNNs. The best-performing approach is obtained by representing each pair of DNA bases with the value of a related physicochemical property. By utilizing different physicochemical properties, we can create an ensemble of networks. Our proposed ensemble obtains state-of-the-art performance on both simulated and real datasets.

Modeling spider silk supercontraction as a hydration-driven solid-solid phase transition

Spider silks have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional mechanical properties, which include a unique combination of high strength, ultimate strain, and toughness. A notable characteristic of spider silk, still debated from both mechanical and functional viewpoints, is supercontraction–a pronounced contraction of up to half its original length when an unconstrained silk thread is exposed to a wet environment. We propose a predictive model for the hygro-thermo-mechanical behavior of spider silks, conceptualizing this phenomenon as a solid–solid phase transition, similar to the glass transition in rubber, but driven by humidity. As wetting increases, the system undergoes a transition, at the network scale, from a hard, highly crystalline, dry state–where the material behavior is governed by stiff chains elongated along the fiber axis–to a soft, amorphous, wet state, regulated by a rubber-like response. We model these states using a two-well free energy function dependent on molecular stretch, with transition energy modulated by humidity. Based on the methods of Statistical Mechanics, we deduce that supercontraction can be interpreted as a solid–solid phase transition. We elucidate the important role of thermal fluctuations. In particular, the decrease of the critical humidity needed for supercontraction as temperature grows results as an effect of entropic stabilization of the softer rubbery phase. Our model quantitatively predicts the observed experimental behavior, capturing the temperature dependence of humidity-induced supercontraction effects and related cooperative properties.

Effect of heat treatment and electromagnetic forming on springback and related properties of 7075 aluminum alloy sheet

Effect of heat treatment and electromagnetic forming on springback and related properties of 7075 aluminum alloy sheet

Some Topological Properties on The Cartesian Product of Fuzzy b-Metric Space

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of the Cartesian product of two fuzzy b-metric spaces with related properties. We have introduced the property that the Cartesian product of two complete fuzzy b-metric spaces is a complete fuzzy b-metric space in terms of the product t-norm (.), as well as the minimum t-norm (Λ). The properties of convergent and Cauchy sequence are introduced by using this concept.