Gender Relations Research Articles

Critical Discourse Analysis of Gender-Based Violence in English Media and Conversations

Globally prominent and inexhaustible, gender and patriarchy have a well-established ambivalent effect on people's lives as well as the norms of society. Gender-dominated society persists despite efforts to eradicate it, and men are typically the ones who commit it in intimate contexts. This study utilizes the “Socio-Cognitive Approach” and “Critical Discourse Analysis” to look at how gender-based violence is represented in English-language media and discourse. Despite international efforts to eliminate it, gender-based violence goes on to occur, indicating a gap to fill on how it is common and sustained in the media and in everyday discourse.The study is about a great deal of vital social problems, including how gender limitations are introduced and shaped in “discourse and the media”. This researcher poses some questions:What are the different shapes and expressions of it?What social, cultural, and personal elements play a role in it? What are the social, medical, and psychological repercussions? This research hypothesizes the following:Women who confront economic obstacles have poor academic access; Patriarchal power relations can normalize and justify such gender relations; Various elements, encompassing individual and cultural groups contribute to establish male-dominated aspects of gender. Additionally, the influence of these factors can be easily commented upon by effective social practices at distinct stages. The study makes use of Norman Fairclough's “Critical Discourse Analysis” model and Teun A. van Dijk's “Socio-Cognitive Approach” to analyze twenty-one spoken texts given by Oprah Winfrey, UN representatives, and “#MeToo activists”. The results support each of the frameworks and show the importance of cultural, systemic, and societal activities by highlighting the role of social cognition and intertextuality as basic discourse items.

Forbidden, yet common: Female genital cutting among the Oromo in central Ethiopia.

This article answers the question 'why female genital cutting (FGC) has remained common among the Oromo in central Ethiopia when it is legally forbidden.' Primary data for this article were generated through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data were gathered from online and archives in the research site. Our findings indicate that the government tries to use legislative and health approaches in its efforts to terminate FGC. However, it has survived over time because of the strong resistance that the community in the research area wages against the intervention efforts. The very reason behind the resistance to end FGC is a patriarchal value that shapes gender relations, women's sexuality, and behaviors. The community gives precedence to the socio-cultural values of FGC over its criminalization and the stated negative health effects. Paradoxically, women are at the forefront in promoting FGC, for they believe that FGC shapes the sexual behavior of the girls and defines the gender identity of their daughters. The women take the prime responsibility to raise and mold the girls into ideal female behavior.

Real Marriages, Fake Marriages, and Marriages for Fun

Abstract This essay addresses the topic of “true marriage” by referring especially to a historiographical tradition that in Italy has examined the impact of the norms of the Council of Trent on the sacrament, measuring the effectiveness of their application in the early modern age. After a survey of the studies that, over the course of the 20th century, have observed the nuptial institution from the perspective of social, legal, and cultural history, a series of cases preserved in the Archives of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith are analyzed. These include a register dedicated to “matrimonia ficta” (fake marriages) involving a diverse set of situations, documented between the late sixteenth and the late eighteenth centuries, in which a wedding-like ritual was enacted, sometimes with both parties being aware of the fictitious nature of the ceremony but more often with one being kept in the dark, to achieve a union that appeared to be a marriage, at once bypassing and moving within the rules. Two cases from the fonds of the Inquisition of Siena complete the body of documents analyzed, paying particular attention to the meaning assigned “from below” to gestures (such as ring exchange or kissing) and to gender relations in the ritual performance.

Putting Down Markers: Women and Gender in South African Feminist Scholarship, c. 1980-1990

abstract Forty years since the publication of Belinda Bozzoli’s “Marxism, feminism, and South African studies,” its influential contribution to an emergent South African feminist scholarship is evident. The South African academy experienced transformations and contestations in the 1970s regarding Marxist theory and social history, impacting the feminist analyses of women and gender in South Africa. We argue that Bozzoli’s interventions contributed to an intellectual genealogy examining women’s lived experiences, gender relations, racial domination, and political economy. Our discussion centers on major debates and themes in these studies, notably working-class conditions and employment, domestic labour and ideologies of domesticity; feminism and women’s resistance; sexuality and the state; and the statuses of white women. Although we reference some important works in the 1970s that Bozzoli and other commentators drew on, we primarily concentrate on the 1980s, when a wider variety of research on women’s and gender studies appeared. We conclude in 1990, when the government lifted banning orders on political organisations. Many of these academic conversations were intertwined with struggles against the apartheid state. Scholars involved in feminist research prompted new directions in South African studies and contributed to women’s and gender studies becoming established as a field of inquiry.

Adâbî Ijtimâ’î dalam Penafsiran Ayat Gender Perspektif Muhammad Abduh

The soil retaining wall is one of the reinforcements used to prevent landslides on the slope. Starting from the argument presented by Amina Wadud and Zaitunah Subhan, that one of the causes of gender bias is the dominance of men in an interpretation. So it can be assumed that the majority of male interpreters only make their experience as a single standard.However, this study shows that Muhammad Abduh's interpretation provides a balanced value in viewing gender relations verses. Thus, it comes to the argument that the social reality of society has a significant influence on a person in interpreting the Qur'an. The alarming political and societal situation encouraged Abduh to make a breakthrough and change in upholding justice. The times had a significant impact on the roles of women and men in the domestic and public spheres. This makes the interpretation of gender also undergo adjustments. This study will dissect Muhammad Abduh's thoughts on gender relations contained in his magnum opus, Tafsîr al-Manâr. The themes taken are: The Degree of Women, Women's Testimony, Polygamy, and Nusyûz Wife. In this research, the author applies a qualitative method with a pure literature study. Through analysis with adâbî ijtimâ'î theory, it can be concluded that Muhammad Abduh had a progressive view of women in Islam. He believed that women and men have equal value before God, with equal rights and obligations.

Green Human Resource Management in South Asia: Through the Lens of Bibliometric Analysis, Theories and Operational Functions

This study explores core principles and emerging trends in green human resource management (GHRM), with a focus on the South Asian context. Using the PRISMA framework, a review of 69 publications from 2001 to 2023 was conducted to examine the intersection of environmental management and human resource practices. The review reveals a growing interest in GHRM since 2015 but highlights a significant gap in addressing sociocultural nuances specific to South Asia. The analysis covers various GHRM operational functions, including green recruitment, procurement, maintenance and development, and it provides a comprehensive overview of key research areas and theoretical frameworks. Despite increased research activity, a lack of focus on sociocultural issues such as gender, diversity and industrial relations in South Asia is evident. Findings suggest a need for further research to address these gaps and to understand institutional challenges in implementing GHRM practices. An integrated approach and collaboration with external stakeholders are recommended to advance GHRM in emerging economies.

Transforming Gender Relations through Digital Financial Inclusion in India

This article provides a brief overview of digital financial inclusion for marginalised and vulnerable populations, particularly women. The focus is on understanding the status and how digital financial inclusion for women is critical for achieving gender parity, their empowerment and overall gender equality. The article assesses the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), which claims to promote financial inclusion and gender equality by extending and expanding affordable access to financial services such as bank accounts, remittances, credit, insurance and pensions. The framework of intersectionality is used to theorise digital financial inclusion and its implications for marginalised and vulnerable sections of society, followed by policy recommendations.

Internalised misogyny and intragroup discrimination: a critical discourse analysis of anti-gender equality comments on Nigerian female blogs

ABSTRACT This study examines the discursive structures and strategies used by Nigerian female blog users to legitimise gender inequality. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of 253 comments from five Nigerian-authored blogs, the study complicates celebratory approaches that conceptualise digital spaces as places for marginalised women to fight against sexism since they unravel ideological conceptions within female ‘counter-publics’ that rationalise un-equal gender relations. This refutes the belief that the struggle against gender discrimination only involves binary categories such as ‘men versus women’ or ‘women versus patriarchy’, spotlighting the self-limiting role of women in gender activism. The study demonstrates that understudying intra-group discrimination helps to understand and define inequality within specific contexts. Specifically, othering, classifying and categorising are inherent meaning-making traits that define intra-group dynamics and must be embraced and studied as contextual peculiarities that aid the understanding of given socio-cultural practices. This research underscores the usefulness of CDA in unpacking the intersections of culture, ideology, identity and language within multi-layered counter-public discourse, highlighting implications in social justice campaigns and the attainment of gender parity.

Revisiting the Concept of Gender Contract

ABSTRACT All societies have some sort of social consensus or agreement that steers the relations between genders, and which shapes how gender relations are lived and organized, as well as the sociocultural norms and expectations for different genders. The concept of gender contract has been used since the 1980’s to understand and analyse these sets of implicit and explicit rules that govern the relations between genders. However, even though the concept has been widely used, the concept itself has not been a focus of research. Therefore, in this article, we conduct a systematic literature review of the research and conceptual understandings regarding gender contracts. From the studies included in the systematic literature review, we ask: What kinds of gender contracts does the body of research present? What do the gender contracts govern? We also pay attention to issues and developments that have the potential for change in gender contracts. Finally, we note the silences and absences in the research literature, revealing what kind of topics remain hidden, under-studied, or not studied at all.

Systematic review of studies about the use of language with sexist connotations in fairytales and nursery rhymes of Early Childhood

The use of language through popular children's fairytales and nursery rhymes expresses ideas about what is expected of girls and boys based on the gender. These literary studies are consequences of the oral poetic tradition and cultural aspects of different contexts and times. Likewise, it is possible to demonstrate how such productions come to show traditional beliefs and customs related to the feminine and masculine ideal that, at the same time, stand as a social value. This is why the aim of this study is to identify the use of language with sexist connotations, such as gender roles and gender stereotypes, in nursery rhymes and fairytales. For this purpose, a systematic review has been carried out following the methodology PRISMA 2020 Statement, using high impact databases such as Eric, Scopus and Google Scholar. Also, Artificial Intelligences were included in the systematic review: Consensus IA, Elicit.org and Copilot. The analysis of the scientific production based on the use of language with sexist connotations in nursery rhymes and fairytales in Early Childhood education has been identified a total of 22 documents. The results show that the gender relations represented in children's fairytales and nursery rhymes from a perspective of inequality that favours the figure of traditional male dominance, as opposed to the submission of women, reiterated in the oral and written tradition. This is clear evidence of the social separation of male and female roles, which constitutes a challenge for current education, that of influencing children's nursery rhymes and fairytales to overcome these traditional gender stereotypes.

The Relationship of Age, Gender, and Socio-Economic Factors with Patients Anxiety Levels (A Review of Early Adult Patients at the Gusti Hasan Aman Oral and Dental Hospital, Banjarmasin)

ABSTRACT The definition of dental anxiety is fear of dental procedures. The prevalence of dental anxiety was found to range from 5.7% to 20.2% across all age groups and was closely related to sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. For patients between the ages of 18 and 40, dental anxiety can be the result of traumatic formative experiences involving dental and oral care. To analyze the relationship of sociodemographic factors which include age, gender, and socioeconomic the level of patient anxiety about treatment at the dentist based on early adulthood at RSGM Gusti Hasan Aman Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. The investigation employed a cross-sectional, analytic observational design. According to the research criteria, the sample size was calculated using the correlative analytic formula, which yielded 85 respondents. This study utilized the Kleinknecht DFS (Dental Fear Survey) to assess the anxiety level of early adult patients in the field of dental care. This questionnaire consists of 20 questions grouped into three dimensions: avoidance of dental appointments, patient's physiological reactions, and stimulation of specific dental anxiety. There is a correlation between sociodemographic factors and dental anxiety at the Gusti Hasan Aman General Hospital in Banjarmasin, as demonstrated by a significance level of 0.05 for the Spearman test. Sociodemographic factors which include age, gender, and socio-economic relationship with the level of dental care anxiety in early adult patients. Keywords: Dental Anxiety, Sociodemography, Early Adulthood, Gender, Socieconomic

Social norms relating to gender and dating and relationship violence in English secondary schools: exploring student, staff and parent/carer accounts

Social norms relating to gender and dating and relationship violence in English secondary schools: exploring student, staff and parent/carer accounts

Globalization and changing gender norms: A comparative study of working women in Japan, Singapore, and India

Globalization's impacts on gender roles in Asia remain inadequately understood despite extensive scholarship on women's empowerment worldwide. This comparative study investigates how increasing integration into the global economy shapes gender norms and labor force gender gaps in Japan, Singapore and India. Quantitative analysis of World Bank indicators over 1990-2020 reveals divergent patterns; while female labor participation rates converge towards egalitarian norms in Japan and Singapore (rising from 48.89% to 49.29%, and 51.34% to 60.01% respectively), India exhibits persistence of gaping gender imbalances, only narrowing from 32.7% to 32.9% over thirty years. These macro-level trends provide impetus for follow-up qualitative phenomenological study through 1) ethnographic observations of professional women in Tokyo, Delhi and Singapore and 2) in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 60 total working women (n=20 per site) across corporate, service and informal sectors. Thematic analysis of narratives will elucidate common and distinctive mechanisms by which global and local forces interact to moderate traditional patriarchal attitudes and yield varied empowerment outcomes for Asian women. Blending macro-statistical and ground-level qualitative approaches enables holistic understanding of globalization's socioeconomic influences on renegotiating gender relations in context. Findings will inform theory and practice on global forces, development and women's welfare in late modernity.

The Effects of Feminism in Pride and Prejudice: A Pragmatic Study

This study identifies how a feminist perspective has the potential to critique certain aspects of the work "Pride and Prejudice." By analyzing the way Austen deals with her even-spirited heroine, critiques gender roles through the narrative presentation, and offers marriage as a necessary compromise showcasing the unsatisfactory life of women, the study provides pertinent findings to explicate possible reasons for the narrative portrayal of Elizabeth's journey. The findings of the study suggest the feminist interpretation of "Pride and Prejudice" outlines some compelling critiques, including the representation of a woman who is often contradictory and not portrayed in the best light. Elizabeth Bennet can be seen as deeply flawed, and yet her story is intended to be empowering. Austen employs a narrative that draws a great deal of attention to the subject of gender relations and the various functions of its females as they strive to find an assertive place within a mostly patriarchal society. However, this narrative representation is problematic in part because her exploration of these gender relations often dwells on ceremony and the active subjection to male prerogatives—an active choice rather than an oppressive paradigm. What emerges from this is a commentary on the individuality of love through Elizabeth’s story, as well as a skeptical reflection on marriage as an institution and its corrosive potential in colonizing relations. The jumping-off point for this critique, however, is the agency Elizabeth must carry within the narrative, where she must mature and thus foretell the corruptions that will occur if she were to refuse this traditional patriarchal paradigm. Generally, feminist theory in language and literature assumes that women are subordinated, excluded, and often objectified, and it believes that the two incompatible ideologies have no right, class, or sex barriers. Instead, feminists contend that the two discourses are promoted due to certain interest groups' desire, and particularly the benefit of males, which requires power to keep this social system-like hierarchy. Undeniably, we can expect feminist theory beyond the geopolitical boundary. As such, this paper can critically and prudently bring another literary work from another era to feminist discussion, which lets us dig deeper into a woman's perspective.

Mujeres en el espacio marino Relaciones de género y división sexual del trabajo durante el ciclo pesquero industrial en las costas tarapaqueñas en el Norte de Chile (1950-1990)

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las relaciones género y la división sexual del trabajo en el contexto de industrialización de la pesca en el puerto de Iquique, situado en la zona norte de Chile, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Para ello, se revisaron fuentes bibliográficas y documentales, además de llevar a cabo entrevistas en profundidad a informantes claves de la zona. Los resultados evidencian cómo se articula la agencia que, mediante estrategias de resistencias, tensionan las estructuras de dominación en un espacio laboral marcado por jerarquizaciones entre los géneros. Este fenómeno se visualiza en la transición que realizan las mujeres desde el ámbito privado (familiar) al espacio público de producción, dando lugar a una serie de transformaciones en la representación de los roles de género que se desarrollan en el espacio vinculado a la pesca, tanto artesanal como industrial.

On the gendering of the early American electric car

The role of gender relations in shaping technological transitions is widely acknowledged but remains understudied. This study uses historical data to analyze the gendering of early 20th century American cars and its consequences. Previous research has argued that early electric vehicles were construed as a women’s car, contributing to its demise. Other work has questioned to what extent automotive preferences were gendered. The results of this study suggest a partially new interpretation. Early advertisements for electrics targeted business and family men, challenging the view of cars as “adventure machines”. However, as electrics declined, producers turned to feminization to survive competition from gasoline cars, a response to declining market shares, rather than the opposite. This made electric cars part of a conservative separate spheres gender ideology. The results stress the co-construction of gender and technology and how gendering processes can create powerful lock-in effects and barriers to (sustainability) transitions.

Analisis Multi Peran Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Slogoretno Kecamatan Jatipurno Kabupaten Wonogiri

<p><em>Housewives</em><em> who participate as workers will experience multiple roles in their lives. The involvement of women in the workforce has the consequence of limiting time in work and family life. Understanding the balance of roles is essential because it can give rise to positive and negative impacts from these multiple roles. This research aims to describe and analyze the roles of housewives and gender relations in the family. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The process for determining informants was carried out purposively with the criteria of coming from a complete farming family (husband and wife) and the wife taking part in instant herbal medicine processing so that 22 informants consisting of the Slogoretno Village Head (1 person), a housewife and her husband (10 pairs), chairman of the family welfare empowerment (PKK) of Slogoretno Village (1 person). Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, employing Miles and Huberman’s interactive analysis and Harvard gender analysis methodologies. Data validity uses triangulation of sources and methods. The results obtained in this research are that the multi-role forms carried out by housewives, especially in farming families, are divided into 7 roles, namely the roles of mother, wife, worker, relative, and roles in domestic, community, and individual activities. The gender dynamics established often involve patterns of cooperation in role division and decision-making, affecting access, control, and benefits related to resources. In Slogoretno Village, the division of roles within farming families reveals that wives and husbands primarily handle reproductive tasks, while productive and social roles are typically shared.</em><em></em></p>

“Life is for the living”: Surveillance and gender freedom in the refugee camp’s non-place in Sulaiman Addonia’s Silence Is My Mother Tongue

ABSTRACT While most contemporary refugee fiction explores the difficulties of relocation to the industrialized Global North, Sulaiman Addonia’s autobiographically inspired Silence Is My Mother Tongue gives a new direction to the African refugee novel with its gendered exploration of life in an Eritrean refugee camp in Sudan. In that non-place governed by silence and similitude, where both time and law are suspended, the teenage girl Saba and her mute queer brother Hagos paradoxically gain voice and agency. This article demonstrates how the siblings’ growing resistance against the camp’s state of exception is aimed less at the absent sovereign’s necropolitics than at the way in which the refugee community itself uses the camp’s panoptic surveillance to enforce traditional gender norms. In Addonia’s unique refugee novel, the camp becomes a most unusual feeding ground for gender identities and relations that circumvent the community’s patriarchal and heteronormative traditions.

Merging Narrative and Landscape: Margaret Atwood’s Narrative Techniques in “Stone Mattress” to Write Back Against the Masculine Tradition of Silencing and Exploitation

ABSTRACT This article engages with ecological and moral debt, exploitation and oppression in the Anthropocene, from a literary and a feminist point of view in Margaret Atwood’s short story “Stone Mattress” (2014). In investigating human-nature and gender relations in the context of the Anthropocene, she establishes a parallel between the female subject and the ecosystem, particularly of the Arctic. In Atwood’s text the Arctic landscape becomes transformed from place into subject, and it is allowed a separate integrity as the metaphorical link between ice/cold and evil women is evoked by portraying Verna, her female protagonist, as a femme fatale, the ultimate embodiment of the Arctic. As a way of embedding the Arctic landscape in her narrative, Atwood infuses the text with the language of geology. In order to highlight the function of the stromatolite as the organizing image for the story, I rely on the close reading of the text, on feminist literary theory and feminist ecocriticism. This article seeks to excavate the layers of abuse, exploitation, privilege and entitlement enjoyed by patriarchy, exposed as debt by the female protagonist, and as well as to investigate Atwood’s narrative techniques to write back against the masculine tradition of silencing and exploitation.

“Vaccines protect both you and your newborn:” A discourse analysis of risk and uncertainty in information about vaccination in pregnancy

Health governance during pregnancy is grounded in cultural norms about good mothering, which centre around self-sacrifice and perceived conflicts between maternal and fetal bodies. Nonetheless, many health choices in pregnancy should have mutual benefits and risks for maternal and fetal bodies, including vaccination during pregnancy. This manuscript presents results from a discourse analysis of 440 texts about vaccines that are recommended in pregnancy in Canada, including inactivated influenza, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular-pertussis, and COVID-19 vaccines. Texts include publicly available online information (e.g., webpages, printouts, posters, videos, and other materials) developed by various authoritative institutions (e.g., public health services, professional organizations, vaccine manufacturers). This study contributes to feminist and risk theorist critiques of public health discourse by exploring how texts deploy emotionally laden technical discourses that govern pregnant individuals towards divergent goals. Specifically, they are governed towards socially desirable health decisions (e.g., vaccination acceptance) and towards agonizing over decision-making as “good mothers.” I analyze how texts pursue this divergent governance in three ways, by deploying discourses that reify conflict between maternal and fetal bodies, organizing the work of making choices around gendered power relations, and activating emotions around mothering responsibilities. My analysis compares how such governance differs across products by available evidence and by the intended purpose of vaccination to protect maternal and/or fetal bodies. I conclude by discussing the value of combining governmentality and cultural approaches to risk theory to understand how the interface of public health and mothering discourses reproduce power relations, and suggest recommendations on how to lessen that reproduction.