Relative Dominance Research Articles

Influence of language dominance on crosslinguistic and nonlinguistic interference resolution in bilinguals

Abstract We examined how relative language dominance impacts Spanish–English bilinguals’ crosslinguistic and nonlinguistic interference resolution abilities during a web-based Spanish picture-word interference naming task and a subsequent spatial Stroop paradigm, and the relationship between the two. Results show the expected interference and facilitation effects in the online setting across both tasks. Additionally, participants with greater English dominance had larger within-language, Spanish facilitation and marginally larger crosslinguistic (English to Spanish) interference effects reflected on accuracy performance. Similarly, participants with greater English dominance had larger nonlinguistic congruency facilitation effects. Our results are in line with other studies finding a relation between linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive control. Correlated reaction time performance between the linguistic and nonlinguistic paradigms suggests that overcoming crosslinguistic interference may be partly based on cognitive control processes used outside of language. Modulations by language dominance underline the importance of accounting for relative language proficiency in bilinguals’ two languages when studying bilingualism.

Analysis of Weed Vegetation on Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa) Plant in Koya Village, South Tondano District

Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main food commodity in Indonesia, because most of the Indonesian population's staple food is Paddy Rice. Demand for Paddy Rice continues to increase from time to time along with population growth. The aim of this research is to determine the types and control of weeds in lowland Paddy Rice plants (Oryza sativa). This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a survey method directly observing weeds in the Paddy Rice planting area in Koya village, South Tondano subdistrict. The results of research on the density, dominance, and frequency of weed types in lowland Paddy Rice plants in Koya Village, South Tondano District show that there are 4 types of weeds in lowland Paddy Rice plants in Koya Village, namely Panicum repens, Fimbristylis litotoralis, Cyperus rotundus, and Pistia stratiotes. P.repens is a grass weed, F.litoralis and C.rotundus are a weed, and P.stratiotes is a broadleaf weed. The type that has the highest relative density (KR) is P. repens, namely 3.33%, followed by F. litoratlis, namely 26.67%, and the lowest is C. rotundus and P. stratiotes, namely 20.0%. Relative Dominance Value The highest (DR) was found in the weed type P. stratiotes, namely 51.56%, then followed by C. rotundus, namely 19.27%, F. litoralis, namely 15.10%, and the lowest, P. repens, namely 14.06%. The highest relative frequency (FR) was in P. repens and C. rotundus, namely 33.33%, followed by F. litoralis, namely 22.22% and the lowest was P. stratiotes, namely 11.11%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are 4 types of weeds in lowland Paddy Rice plants in Koya Village, South Tondano District with the highest weed dominance index value, namely P. stratiotes, namely 27.55787; Weed control can be done chemically, biologically, mechanically and physically.

Invasive Amaranthus retroflexus obtains a competitive advantage over native A. tricolor under the addition of A. retroflexus leaf litter

AbstractThere is a scarcity of research examining the influences of the addition of leaf litter from invasive plants on their own growth performance, particularly in the context of their own competitive advantage when co‐cultured with native plants. This study aimed to examine the influences of the addition of a gradient of the invasive plant Amaranthus retroflexus L. leaf litter (ARLL) on its competitive advantage. An indoor planting experiment was conducted to analyze the competitive advantage of A. retroflexus with three forms of incubation conditions, that is, A. retroflexus in the monoculture, A. tricolor L. in the monoculture, and A. retroflexus co‐cultured with A. tricolor. The addition of a low amount of ARLL was found to significantly enhance the competitive ability to obtain sunlight of both Amaranthus plants. The leaf photosynthetic capacity of A. tricolor and the growth competitiveness of A. retroflexus were found to be greater in the co‐culture than in the monoculture. The competitive ability to obtain sunlight, the relative competitive intensity, and relative dominance of A. retroflexus were found to be stronger than those of A. tricolor regardless of the amount of ARLL and the form of incubation condition. Consequently, A. retroflexus can obtain a competitive advantage over A. tricolor under the addition of a gradient of ARLL. Accordingly, the stronger competitive advantage of A. retroflexus may facilitate its invasion process.

Species Diversity and Food Potential of Orangutans in Genting Tanah Village Forest

The aim of the research is to determine the diversity of vegetation in the forests of Genting Tanah Village which has the potential to feed orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio). The research method is an inventory of sample plots. Data were analyzed quantitatively by calculating the Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance and Diversity Index values. The choice of orangutan food is determined by comparing it based on literature regarding orangutan food. The research identified 67 types of vegetation belonging to 44 families. At tree level there are 20 types of vegetation, with Shorea teysmanniana Dyer being the most important with an Importance Value Index of 78.06%. At pole level there are 32 species, with Combretocarpus rotundatus Miq. has the highest Important Value Index of 74.43%. Genting Tanah village forest also has 40 species of saplings and 41 species of undergrowth. Mallotus muticus Mull. has the highest Importance Value Index of 55.78% in the sapling group, while Hypolytrum nemorum Vahl has the highest Importance Value Index of 21.24% in the seedling and undergrowth group. The species diversity index at the seedling level of 3.24 is considered high, while the species richness index is low at the tree level and moderate at the pole level. Based on the 67 species identified, there are 34 species that have the potential to be a source of orangutan’s food.

ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE FOREST VEGETATION ON MOLAS BEACH, BUNAKEN DISTRICT, MANADO CITY

The lack of scientific information about the current condition of the mangrove ecosystem on the Molas beach in the Bunaken District of Manado City is an important reason to conduct a study related to the analysis of mangrove forest vegetation. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of mangroves and to find the Important Value Index (INP) of mangroves on the Molas beach in the Bunaken District of Manado City. Data collection was conducted using the line transect method with plots at only one observation station, which was then analyzed to determine the Importance Value Index (INP). Based on the observations, it was found that four types of mangroves were present at the research location. The dominant mangrove species are Bruguiera Cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Aegiceras cosniculatum, and Ceriops tagal. The substrate condition, which is dominated by muddy sand, and the water quality parameters that affect mangrove growth generally still meet the standards for mangrove growth. The species Ceriops tagal has the highest values of Relative Density, Relative Frequency, and Relative Dominance, resulting in the highest INP. Meanwhile, the lowest INP was found in the species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in the tree category

Spatial multi-attribute decision making: An axiomatic incomplete preference information coverage model

In addressing the spatial multi-attribute decision making with conflicting incomplete preference information, this study presents an axiomatic preference information coverage model, which can determine the group’s collective stance without distorting individual’s original spatial preferences. First, with a Preference Information (PI) set to encapsulate the incomplete spatial preference information, we extend existing additive spatial value function with a stochastic weight space to assign utilities to alternatives. Dominance relations among pairwise alternatives based on expected utility maximization inform the alternatives priority sequences. Within this context, a novel preference information measure is introduced, serving as the basis for defining the coverage degree associated with alternatives priority sequences relative to the PI. In alignment with the axiomatic foundations governing coverage degree and the principle of maximizing this metric, a dominant rule is formulated to dictate the hierarchy among alternatives priority sequences. The model’s applicability is demonstrated via a numerical example, followed by simulation analyses that probe the influence of different PIs on coverage degree.

A dynamic-ranking-assisted co-evolutionary algorithm for constrained multimodal multi-objective optimization

Constrained multimodal multi-objective optimization problems (CMMOPs) are characterized by multiple constrained Pareto sets (CPSs) sharing the same constrained Pareto front (CPF). The challenge lies in efficiently identifying equivalent CPSs while maintaining a balance among convergence, diversity, and constraints. Addressing this challenge, we propose a dynamic-ranking-based constraint handling technique implemented in a co-evolutionary algorithm, named DRCEA, specifically designed for solving CMMOPs. To search for equivalent CPSs, we introduce a co-evolutionary framework involving two populations: a convergence-first population and a constraint-first population. The co-evolutionary framework facilitates knowledge transfer and sustains diverse solutions. Subsequently, a dynamic ranking strategy is employed with dynamic weight parameters that consider both dominance and constraint relationships among individuals. Within the convergence-first population, the weight parameter for convergence gradually decreases, while the constraint parameter increases. Conversely, in the constraint-first population, the weight parameter for constraints gradually decreases, while the convergence parameter increases. This approach ensures a well-balanced consideration of convergence and constraints within the two distinct populations. Experimental results on the CMMOP test suite and the real-world CMMOP test scenario validate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic-ranking-based constraint handling technique, demonstrating the superiority of DRCEA over seven state-of-the-art algorithms.

Light affects the resistance of native plant communities to Solidago canadensis with low invasion degrees

Light is an important factor for plant growth, and native plant communities are frequently invaded by alien plants to varying degrees. However, little is known about the effect of lighting on the resistance of native plant communities to alien plants with different degrees of invasion. We assessed the interactive effects of light condition and invasion degree on the growth of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis, the characteristics of the native plant communities and the invasion success of S. canadensis through both a field survey and greenhouse experiment. The field survey data showed that shading decreased the biomass of both S. canadensis and the native plant communities. However, it improved the relative dominance and thus, the invasion success of S. canadensis under the low and moderate invasion degrees but not at the high invasion degree. The data of the greenhouse experiment also showed that the native plant communities under shade were more susceptible to invasion by S. canadensis than the unshaded communities, particularly under the low and moderate invasion degree. In summary, we found that shading can weaken the resistance of native plant communities to alien plant invasions when there is a minimal invasion degree. These results underscore that managers need to be more attentive to the invasion of S. canadensis in sheltered environments. These findings provide a scientific reference to manage and control invasion by S. canadensis.

Troubling rurality and rural schooling: a qualitative meta-synthesis of research in rural schools in three European national school systems

ABSTRACT This qualitative meta-synthesis collects and analyses the multiple and many-faceted understandings, experiences, practices, and school to community or individual relationships described in qualitative research on rural education and schooling in three European national contexts (Sweden, Northern Ireland, and Spain). Our aim was to generate and present a simplifying analytic synthesising narrative about the politics, practices and outcomes for and in schools in rural areas. In all three countries, the lack of specific relevance of the school to its community through the curriculum is palpable. Instead, the curriculum tends to be performative and to transmit primarily ‘official metro-centric knowledge’, rather than a more local culturally sensitive knowledge with intrinsic value to local communities. That said, the relationship between rural schools and the communities they serve, and the space and place they occupy, still has the potential to be important, meaningful, powerful and disruptive toward dominant power relations and official knowledge.

Multicentennial cycles in continental demography synchronous with solar activity and climate stability

Human population dynamics and their drivers are not well understood, especially over the long term and on large scales. Here, we estimate demographic growth trajectories from 9 to 3 ka BP across the entire globe by employing summed probability distributions of radiocarbon dates. Our reconstruction reveals multicentennial growth cycles on all six inhabited continents, which exhibited matching dominant frequencies and phase relations. These growth oscillations were often also synchronised with multicentennial variations in solar activity. The growth cycle for Europe, reconstructed based on >91,000 radiocarbon dates, was backed by archaeology-derived settlement data and showed only a weak correlation with mean climate states, but a strong correlation with the stability of these states. We therefore suggest a link between multicentennial variations in solar activity and climate stability. This stability provided more favourable conditions for human subsistence success, and seems to have induced synchrony between regional growth cycles worldwide.

How preschool education perpetuates social inequality: An ethnographic study of the practical conditions of symbolic violence

AbstractThis article presents an ethnographic study conducted in French pre‐kindergarten and kindergarten classrooms, investigating how education establishes and reinforces relations of sociocultural dominance. Building on Bourdieu and Passeron's concept of symbolic violence, we seek to uncover the mechanisms through which school socialization encourages the acceptance of the hierarchies it generates. The data suggest that this persuasion relies on set of interrelated processes: Schools organize the unequal profitability of family cultural practices and knowledge, obscure the realities of learning, and foster a meritocratic myth that naturalizes these inequalities. Moreover, children actively participate in their own subordination without realizing it. By documenting these processes, the study provides critical insights into how everyday schooling practices not only perpetuate social inequalities but also shape early on the idea that students form of themselves as both students and individuals and intensify concerns about self‐worth.

A prospect theory-driven three-way decision framework: Integrating prior probability tolerance and dominance relations in fuzzy incomplete information systems

This study proposes a novel method that integrates Prospect Theory (PT) with a Three-Way Decision (TWD) framework to enhance decision quality in Fuzzy Incomplete Information Systems (FIIS). The method first applies prior probability tolerance dominance relations to manage and evaluate binary relationships among decision options, laying the groundwork for subsequent calculations. Based on this foundation, PT is used to construct objective weight and value functions, effectively reducing uncertainties due to subjective factors in the decision-making process. Unlike traditional methods, this PT-based TWD approach can address incomplete data while fully considering decision-makers’ psychological preferences under risk, enabling more precise and scientific decision support. Extensive experimental studies and comparative analyses demonstrate that this method outperforms existing approaches in terms of stability, effectiveness, and superiority, highlighting its potential for applications in fields with high data diversity and uncertainty, such as healthcare.

Relaciones de la pedagógica y la pedagogía de la liberación latinoamericana. Estudio epistemológico basado en Dussel y Freire

In the last decades, new epistemological discussions have been developed to support Latin American pedagogies that distance themselves from the hegemonic discourses of modernity and their colonial accent. In this context, this essay aims to contribute to the understanding of some of the relationships between Enrique Dussel’s pedagogy and Paulo Freire’s pedagogy of liberation. In the first section that contributes to this objective, the three chapters of Dussel’s book La pedagógica latinoamericana and the first two chapters of Freire’s book Pedagogy of the Opressed are presented. From Dussel’s book, the concepts father-State, mother-popular culture, and son-child-people are highlighted as symbols that explain the cultural relations of domination. From Freire’s book, the concepts of oppressors, oppressed, banking education, and liberating education are highlighted. In the second section of the development, a distinction is made on the levels of analysis of each philosopher and some coincidences on the banking dimension, totality, exteriority, otherness, and the hope of a liberated world. To conclude the paper, it is considered that there is a correlation between both philosophers that favor the dialectic of the collective human and the cultural human in Latin American pedagogies.

A NARRATIVA COLONIAL PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE USINAS HIDRELÉTRICAS NO AMAPÁ

In the Amazon, the persistence of a colonial project, which triggered the appropriation of the territory for the implementation of hydroelectric plants, has been reproducing damage and disasters and causing, for decades, a series of socio-environmental conflicts. From this perspective, the objective of this article is to analyze the dynamics of the implementation of mitigation and compensation measures, as an instrument of Environmental Policy, in communities of artisanal fishermen and family farmers in the Brazilian Amazon, specifically in the State of Amapá, which are subject to disasters caused by hydroelectric dams on the Araguari River. In the conjuncture, even in the face of the persistence of social and environmental damages and disasters, there is a discourse of the inevitability of hydroelectric plants, under the allegation that the consequences can be mitigated or compensated. However, guided by Decolonial Epistemology, after documentary analysis of Ten-Year Energy Expansion Plans (2006-2021), public civil actions, TACs and interviews, which comprise information collected from fishermen and family farmers on the Araguari River, State of Amapá, it was found that the implementation of mitigating and compensatory measures proved to be illusory. From a participatory research, it was possible to observe the destructuring of an environment that was the basis for the survival of secular communities. In view of this, it is necessary to break with this exclusionary and unequal rationality through resistance movements and to embark on an epistemological disobedience necessary to confront the relations of domination and power present in capitalist projects, such as hydroelectric plants.

Investing in relative market positions in interconnected financial markets: A strategy for international portfolio diversification

International investors face challenges in properly diversifying their portfolios risk due to the increasingly interconnected nature of financial markets. Using the Tail-Event Driven Network (TENET) model, this study proposes two new indices, relative dominance and relative importance, to measure the relative market position of a stock market in the global stock market network. This study further proposes a dominance-importance-oriented (DIO) strategy to diversify portfolio risk in interconnected stock markets using data from the stock markets of 35 economies. The empirical findings show that stock markets in developed countries generally have higher relative dominance and lower relative importance, whereas those in developing and emerging countries have the opposite pattern. Moreover, financial liberalization is an important determinant of stock markets' relative positions in the global market network, although its impact varies with the economic development of their domicile countries. Furthermore, the DIO strategy offers a feasible and effective method for international portfolio diversification by jointly considering relative dominance and importance, verifying that portfolio diversification in terms of relative market position is beneficial.

Microbial Basis for Suppression of Soil-Borne Disease in Crop Rotation.

The effect of crop rotation on soil-borne diseases is a representative case of plant-soil feedback in the sense that plant disease resistance is influenced by soils with different cultivation histories. This study examined the microbial mechanisms inducing the differences in the clubroot (caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae pathogen) damage of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) after the cultivation of different preceding crops. It addresses two key questions in crop rotation: changes in the soil bacterial community induced by the cultivation of different plants and the microbial mechanisms responsible for the disease-suppressive capacity of Chinese cabbage. Twenty preceding crops from different plant families showed significant differences in the disease damage, pathogen density, and bacterial community composition of the host plant. Structural equation modelling revealed that the relative abundance of four key bacterial orders in Chinese cabbage roots can explain 85% and 70% of the total variation in pathogen density and disease damage, respectively. Notably, the relative dominance of Bacillales and Rhizobiales, which have a trade-off relationship, exhibited predominant effects on pathogen density and disease damage. The disease-suppressive soil legacy effects of preceding crops are reflected in compositional changes in key bacterial orders, which are intensified by the bacterial community network.

Continuously tunable negative pressure for engineering high-symmetry nanocrystalline phases

In this work, the phenomenon of strain induced by a mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between a thin film and its substrate is harnessed in a new context, replacing the canonical planar support with a three-dimensional (3-D), nanoconfining scaffold in which we embed a material of interest. In this manner, we demonstrate a general approach to exert a continuously tunable, triaxial, tensile strain, defying the Poisson ratio of the embedded material and achieving the exotic condition of "negative pressure." This approach is hypothetically generalizable to materials of low modulus and high thermal expansion coefficient, and we use it here to achieve negative pressure in perovskite-phase CsPbI3 embedded within the cylindrical pores of anodic aluminum oxide membranes. Through controlled thermal hysteresis, the perovskite crystal structure can be continuously tuned toward higher symmetry when confined in a scaffold with pore size <40 nm, in contrast with the symmetry-reducing action of any other mechanical perturbation. We use this effect to control the octahedral rotation angle that is critical to the remarkable photovoltaic attributes of halide perovskites. Under hundreds of megapascals of apparent negative pressure, the bandgap tunability is observed to follow the same quantitative trend observed for hydrostatic positive pressure, exploring the negative pressure region and demonstrating the relative dominance of bond stretching effects over average octahedral rotation angle on electronic structure. This study reveals and quantifies the structural and electronic consequences of 3D tensile strain present by design and provides a framework for understanding adventitious strain present in all nanocomposite materials.

A violência física nas relações conjugais no município de Vitória: uma análise das denúncias da delegacia especializada em atendimento à mulher em 2015

Gender violence is the result of the social relations of male domination and female submission, built, millenary, by a patriarchal system. From 1980, however, in the fervor of brazilian feminist movements, the Delegacia Especializada em Atendimento à Mulher (DEAMs) were created with the objective of combating this violence, which can occur in different ways and has become the object of study of research. aimed at improving public policies in the country. Using as a primary source the police reports registered in the DEAM of the city of Vitória in 2015, this article aimed to investigate the relation between the permanence of physical and conjugal violence and a capixaba society molded from patriarchal principles.

Numerical investigation of the refractive properties of near-horizontal rocky shore platforms and their effects on harmonic and stationary wave patterns

Near-horizontal shore platforms display highly irregular plan shapes, but little is known about the way in which these irregularities influence the significant wave height (Hŝ) on the platforms and the frequency components of the nearshore wavefield. As ocean waves share akin refractive properties to light rays, it can be assumed that, similarly to optical lenses, shore platforms can separate waves according to their frequency depending on their geometry. Thus, we use a non-linear Boussinesq wave model to conduct harmonic and bispectral mode decomposition analyses to study the control of concave and convex platform edges over wind waves (WW: 0.125–0.33 Hz), swell waves (SW: 0.05–0.125 Hz) and infragravity (IG: 0.008–0.05 Hz) waves frequencies. For breaking and non-breaking waves, increasing the platform edge concavity intensified wave divergence and subsequent attenuation of SW and IG across the outer platforms, reducing Hŝ by up to 25 %. Increasing the platform edge convexity intensified focusing and amplification of SW and WW over the outer platforms, increasing Hŝ by up to 18 % and 55 % for breaking and non-breaking waves. In the presence of breaking, IG amplification was affected by wave divergence across the inner platform, a condition determined by a critical convex curvature threshold (K=1.8) balancing wave focusing from refraction and defocusing from breaking. We find that convex curvature can determine the relative dominance of WW, SW and IG across platforms. Alongshore, coherent wave interactions governed IG stationary patterns defined by a node near the platform centreline and two antinodes on either side of concave edges. A node was generated at the platform centreline, and two antinodes were observed on either side of the convex edges for K>1.8, with the opposite pattern observed for K<1.8. Such patterns likely result in alongshore variations in wave-generated currents and erosion shaping rock coasts.

‘They don’t have bad intentions.’ The disciplinary power of heteronormative communication in upper secondary Polish physical education – a case study

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have shown unequal treatment of female and male students during PE. However, few studies have focused on gendered communication between teachers and students. Particularly, students’ perceptions of communication have often remained unexplored. Understanding this process appears to be highly significant for ensuring gender equality in schools. In this study, we applied Foucault’s theory of normalization and Butler’s theory of gender performativity and heteronormativity to present data obtained during PE lessons in Polish upper secondary school. In Poland PE teachers still do not formally acquire knowledge of the significance of gender equality in the education process. No policies are formulated on teaching gender equality in schools. Hence, analyzing gendered communication during PE classes in Poland, where no specific gender equity legislation has been introduced, complements the ongoing discussion regarding prevailing gender structures in PE. Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore gendered communication between PE teachers and students in Polish upper secondary school, and perceptions about this communication specifically among male PE teachers and girls. Methods Data were gathered through three qualitative methods: observation of 60 PE lesson units, 17 focus group interviews with male (n = 27) and female students (n = 33), and 5 semi-structured in-depth interviews with PE teachers whose lessons were observed. Discourse analysis, informed by content analysis, was conducted to uncover fundamental communication patterns between teachers and students in the context of gender performativity and heteronormativity. Findings Communication between PE teachers and students demonstrated gender bias, indicating deeply rooted practices of heteronormativity. The male teachers communicated more frequently with female students than with male students and a significant portion of the communication took the form of jokes, teasing, and comments related to the physical appearance of the girls, romantic relationships and dating, and traditional gender roles assumed by women. Students’ statements obtained in the interviews indicate a significant degree of downplaying the impact of teachers’ way of communicating and ‘defending teachers’. They encountered a strong normalization process that restricted their ability to resist teacher communication. Although the PE teachers emphasized the importance of being ‘sensitive’ when communicating with students, PE the teachers’ understanding of gender issues appeared to be fragmented and unrefined, with insufficient recognition of the importance of proper communication with students. Conclusions The implications of this study emphasize the necessity for Polish PE teachers to acquire a deeper understanding of how gender operates within school environments and PE classes, recognizing its impact on students. This awareness is pivotal in recognizing and addressing heteronormative structures during lessons. In connection with that, a thorough discussion on the impact of political and cultural factors shaping the knowledge acquired by teachers and the curriculum in schools is required. Additionally, the research highlights a need for appropriate student education because they are currently subject to strong normalization processes. The normalization processes they undergo hinder their recognition of dominant gender relations in the school environment, and, consequently, their resistance to them.