Related Courses Research Articles

Retrostyloid and retromandibular courses of the external carotid artery.

The external carotid artery (ECA) branching pattern has been extensively studied in the current literature. However, its topographical variability has been barely reported. The aim of the current study was to assess the ECA in relationship with the styloid process (SP) and the mandible. 100 computed tomography angiograms were randomly selected and retrospectively investigated on the neck region for the ECA course in relation to the SP and the mandible. A retrostyloid course of the ECA was identified on 18 sides (9%). Six patients had a bilateral retrostyloid ECA, and six patients had a unilateral variant. The side and sexes did not affect the prevalence of this variant. The elongated SP or variable ossification of the stylohyoid chain did not affect the retrostyloid course. The ECA retromandibular course of type 1 (straight course deep to the ramus of the mandible) was identified in 30.5%, type 2 (lateral retromandibular loop) in 20%, and type 3 (lateral retromandibular loop behind the ramus of the mandible) in 45.5%. The side and sexes did not affect the prevalence of this variant. Our study enhances the current knowledge on the ECA topography. Both variants investigated in the current study, displace the ECA into the parapharyngeal space. Knowledge of these anatomic variations are of importance preoperatively to avoid iatrogenic injuries.

South Asia’s Naval Shift: Regional Cooperation and Challenges

This research explores the significant influence of South Asia on the politics of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and analyzes the extensive implications for the region resulting from the policy changes in India and Pakistan. The long-standing source of conflict, the Kashmir issue remained a bone of contention between the two states. Historically involved in border conflicts, both are now making concerted efforts to enhance their naval capabilities through unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral engagements. This strategic adjustment has surpassed past difficulties, resulting in new interactions in the Indian Ocean Region. The research also explores the potential ways of cooperation between the two states and region as whole, and the challenges that can be faced in the way of regional cooperation or development. The escalating tensions in the region are further intensified by the mistrust and nuclearization of the region. This study rigorously analyzes the potential of regional organizations for cooperation and sustainable development, and the future course of Indo-Pak bilateral relations.

Measuring learning outcomes in cross-cultural relations courses: the case for experiential learning

Purpose Since accreditation bodies emphasize program-level learning goals, there is often less focus on measuring learning at the course level. This study aims to offer a method for using experiential learning exercises to measure student engagement and learning outcomes in cross-cultural relations courses by highlighting which learning outcomes to assess, how to measure the achievement of these learning outcomes, what students learn and the measurement process. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected from three sections of the (control group) and (experiment groups). Chi-square independence and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were employed to examine the significant association between these groups. Findings Students perform alike when exposed to various experiential learning methods. However, the lack of experiential learning might hinder students’ understanding of the course material. Consequently, the performance in both learning objectives from the control group was significantly lower than students in the experiment groups. Originality/value This study presents an approach for merging assurance of learning into integrated business courses, and how to use experiential learning exercises as instructional tools for improving and measuring learning. When course-level assessments focusing on developing relevant competencies are well-implemented, they can strengthen related program-level goals.

Examination of elementary school students digital literacy levels in terms of different variables

The aim of this study is to examine the digital literacy levels of primary school students according to different variables. The survey model was used to investigate how technology, which has become one of the most important needs of today, affects the digital literacy of primary school students who have experienced distance education. The participants of the study consisted of 100 students studying in a city center located in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The data were obtained by using the personal information form developed by the researchers and the "Digital Literacy" scale developed by Pala and Başıbüyük (2010). In the analysis of the data, percentage, arithmetic mean, gender, independent sample t-test for the variables of availability of technological tools, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the variables of parental education level, place of residence, time spent with technology and family income level. As a result of the research, it was seen that the digital literacy level of the students was at an average level and that the digital literacy of the students showed significance according to the family income level and the availability of internet at home, while there was no significant difference according to variables such as gender, parental education level, and the availability of technological devices. Based on the data of the study, it is recommended to include related courses in the curriculum for the positive development of students' digital literacy.

대학 교양교육에서의 AI에 대한 국내 연구 동향 분석 : 국내 학술지를 중심으로

This study was conducted to analyze domestic research trends on the use of AI(Artificial Intelligence) in university liberal arts education. Over the past four years(2021-2024), a total of 56 papers published in Korea major journals were analyzed, focusing on annual publication trends. The analysis considered research types, data collection methods, related courses, and research topics. Quantitative research was the most frequent among research types, while questionnaires(surveys) were the most popular data collection method. In addition, the subjects utilizing AI were classified into 6, and among them, AI and coding, writing, and English were analyzed to be most frequently utilized. This study is expected to contribute to increasing the possibility of practical application in the field of education by providing basic data for activating academic research on AI utilization and effective utilization in liberal arts education. Based on this, the direction of follow-up research will be suggested to seek ways to utilize AI technology more effectively in liberal arts education.

Toward Integration of Blockchain, Cryptocurrencies into Forensic Accounting Education

ABSTRACT Blockchain and cryptocurrency knowledge and skills are important for forensic accountants. We examine the integration of blockchain and cryptocurrency topics into forensic accounting education by (1) reviewing the literature to identify a list of blockchain and cryptocurrency topics that could be incorporated into forensic accounting education, (2) investigating the forensic accounting curriculum of universities worldwide in their coverage of blockchain and cryptocurrencies topics, and (3) presenting important topics in blockchain and cryptocurrencies that could be taught in related courses with a keen focus on the module approach. Among 20 universities with forensic accounting programs in China, only four provide stand-alone blockchain and cryptocurrency courses compared with 25 out of 58 forensic accounting programs in the United States that offer stand-alone blockchain and cryptocurrency courses. Our results highlight the importance of integrating blockchain and cryptocurrency content into forensic accounting education to provide the skills to deter, detect, and prevent fraud. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources. JEL Classifications: M41; M42.

Evaluation of the Inferior Alveolar Canal Course in Relation to Fully and Partially Impacted Lower Third Molar Roots via Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Evaluation of the Inferior Alveolar Canal Course in Relation to Fully and Partially Impacted Lower Third Molar Roots via Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

The Teaching Mode Reform and Innovation of “Specialized English for Environmental Design” in the Context of Educational Internationalization

As informatization and globalization continually deepen, the demand for internationally qualified talents increases, so the globalization of higher education is an inevitable trend in today’s society. As a first-line course that is directly connected with internationalization, “Specialized English for Environmental Design” is now offered in many universities in China. However, there are many problems in the combination of the course design and teaching objectives, so this paper takes the course in XDSISU as an example, analyzing the series of teaching reforms and innovations that have been carried out, hoping to provide a certain reference value for related courses.

Current aspects of the organization of first aid to military personnel of the NATO bloc (using the example of the Bundeswehr army)

The study examines the most pressing issues of the organization of first aid to military personnel in the countries of the NATO bloc (using the example of the Bundeswehr army). It has been established that the system of first aid to the wounded and injured is based on the principles of “tactical medicine”, including the possession by military personnel of algorithms for providing assistance in the “red” and “yellow” combat zones, as well as methods of evacuation to the stage of medical care. It is emphasized that in order to quickly and effectively carry out self- and mutual assistance activities on the battlefield, NATO military personnel have appropriate training in the use of a standard individual first aid kit. It is shown that the Bundeswehr army has successfully implemented a training program consisting of two consecutive and logically related medical training courses: an initial training cycle (course “A”) and a special medical training course (course “B”). Only military personnel who have successfully completed both training courses are allowed to provide first aid in combat and emergency situations. It was revealed that within the framework of initial military training, students master a set of measures for phased first aid to the wounded and injured in accordance with the “C–A–B–C–D–E” scheme. The subsequent course of special medical training is aimed at training military personnel in emergency resuscitation measures in conditions as close as possible to combat. The purpose of the study was to analyze the literature data devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the existing system of first aid to the wounded and injured in the armies of NATO countries, including in the aspect of the organization of the training process for servicemen. The research methodology included the analysis of scientific publications selected from domestic and foreign databases, such as e-Library and PubMed. The methods of content analysis, synthesis, method of historical comparison, and bibliographic research method were used.

Exploration and Innovative Research on Ideological and Political Education in Architectural Mechanics Course

The emphasis and implementation of ideological and political education in courses lie within the courses themselves, ensuring effective education through the process of course implementation and playing a role in nurturing students. This paper explores the elements of ideological and political education in the architectural mechanics course. It provides a detailed design of ideological and political education in accordance with the course content and characteristics. Additionally, innovative designs incorporating ideological elements are introduced for parts of the course. Finally, an application exploration is conducted within the sections of the course, specifically focusing on the subtopic of “rigid frames”, with the hope of providing reference value to related courses.

Exploration of Teaching Reform in the Course of Concrete Structure Design Principles in the Context of the New Era

In response to the requirements for cultivating applied talents in civil engineering under the background of the new era, and addressing the practical problems existing in the teaching of the course on concrete structure design principles in higher education institutions, this paper conducts an analysis of the current situation and challenges of the course teaching. It focuses on issues such as the abstract difficulty of teaching content, the singularity of teaching methods, and the lack of practical teaching. Combining the characteristics of the course and the industry’s demand for talent capabilities, the paper explores and outlines reform measures, including optimizing course content, transforming the roles of teachers and students, and integrating theory with practice. The aim is to provide insights and inspiration for the teaching of related courses.

An Analysis on the Image of NATO in Türkiye

Considering its geographical location, strategic importance, and geopolitical depth, Türkiye’s NATO membership plays a significant role in current regional and international developments. Besides, Türkiye's military and economic strength, trained human resources, geographical location, and extensive maritime and land borders represent a strategic potential to contribute to NATO's efforts in maintaining regional security and stability. Nevertheless, Türkiye’s membership in NATO is discussed by some allied countries. Türkiye's national security policies are also not always in line with other NATO member countries. This causes relations to fluctuate. The course of relations also influences Turkish public perceptions of NATO's organizational image. The primary purpose of this research is to disclose how NATO has an image in Turkish society as an intergovernmental military alliance. Since quantitative data are taken as the basis of the research, a questionnaire was employed as a data collection method. For the research, 1436 participants from different regions of Türkiye were accessed via a simple random sampling method. Based on the findings obtained as a result of the research, it is apparent that a large part of the participants does not have a clear view regarding NATO. In terms of demographic data, it was understood that female, single, 18-25 years of age and student-weighted participants had higher positive, negative, andgeneral NATO perceptions than the others. Besides, it was observed that the group thatperceived NATO as the most negative educational situation was those who had graduatedfrom elementary school. As a result, about half of the participants believe that Türkiye shouldremain in the NATO, but in the event of any war, NATO will leave Türkiye alone. Thissituation indicates that NATO membership is strategically crucial, but it also gives theimpression that the Turkish people are worried about trust. According to the findings of thestudy, the majority of the participants consider the USA as the main threat against Türkiye,on the other hand Azerbaijan is regarded as Türkiye's most important partner and friend in the international arena.

Azithromycin Use Before and During the COVID- 19 Pandemic and the Impact of Implementing National Evidence-based Guidelines in Qatar

BackgroundInitial small, uncontrolled studies suggested a beneficial effect of azithromycin in individuals with COVID-19. However, subsequent studies have not confirmed its effectiveness. We assessed azithromycin usage before and during the pandemic in a national healthcare system in Qatar and the impact of implementation of evidence-based guidelines upon prescription rates. MethodsUsing electronic medical records, we retrieved all azithromycin prescriptions from 2019-2022 at the public healthcare system in Qatar which provides over 85% of healthcare in Qatar. Azithromycin prescription numbers and rates/100,000 population were calculated and compared over time. A course was defined as any azithromycin prescription for >5 days with no gap of >10 days. Courses were considered COVID-19-related if prescribed -3 to +10 days post positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Prescription rates before and after the pandemic, and before and after evidence-based guidelines implementation (in June 2020) were compared. ResultsDuring the study period, 203,806 azithromycin courses were prescribed to 166,062 individuals. Overall number of courses increased in the first 2 quarters of 2020 (average 12,857/quarter in 2019 to average of 19,297 in Q1-Q2 of 2020) and then dropped to 9,881/quarter over the next 6 quarters. COVID-19 related azithromycin courses peaked in2020-Q2 (13,691) and dropped to 2,836 for 2020-Q3, 1,410 for 2020-Q4; 5,465 for 2021-Q1, and 4,288 for 2021-Q2. Stringent COVID-19 guidelines in June 2020 rapidly reduced azithromycin usage. ConclusionsAzithromycin prescriptions increased immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic, but rapidly declined immediately after implementing evidence-based guidelines.

Tanggungjawab Negara Arab Saudi Dalam Pelanggaran Terhadap Hukum Diplomatik

Introduction: Countries in the world that live side by side must establish cooperative relations with one another. Relations between these countries require various rules so as to give birth to diplomatic and consular provisions, namely in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. However, it is undeniable that even though it has been regulated in such a way, violations of the provisions of international law cannot be avoided because they are closely related to human relations. For example, the violations committed by Saudi Arabia.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to find out the violations of Diplomatic Law committed and the form of accountability that must be fulfilled by Saudi ArabiaMethods of the Research: Using Normative Legal Research Type. This type of research will be carried out by examining and analyzing primary and secondary legal sources that are related to the problem being studied using a statute approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach.Results of the Research: Based on this research, it can be concluded that Saudi Arabia has been proven to have violated diplomatic law by violating various principles that regulate the course of relations between countries and the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Thus, based on the provisions of the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Saudi Arabia can be held responsible for its mistakes in the form of giving restitution, compensation, or actions that cause satisfaction, for example, a formal apology

A Study on the Development and Effectiveness Subject for Character Education Focused on Experiential Learning : A Case of ‘Creative Community Problem-Solving’ Course at A University

This study aims to develop a curriculum for ‘Creative Problem-Solving in Community Issues’ as a character education program to expand students' knowledge acquired at university to discover and effectively address real problems inherent in the local community, thereby fostering their practical character. Specifically, This study introduces cases of developing practical and experiential character education courses at ** University. The 2024 general education curriculum at ** University requires the development of related courses by distinguishing the character education area into ‘theoretical education’ and ‘problem-solving/experiential education.’ The following step-by-step research was conducted to achieve the research objectives. First, the university's character education courses should be designed to transcend a mere ethical dimension and align with the university's founding philosophy, vision for human resources, and the objectives of university education and general education. In this context, the objectives and core competencies of the character education course were designed to align with the university's founding principles of Truth, Faithfulness, and Love, and to ensure relevance to university education and general education. Second, this study focused on ‘problem-solving/experiential education’ and designed the ‘Creative Problem-Solving in Community Issues’ course, proposing suitable teaching methods, educational content, and evaluation methods to enhance the course's purpose and the learners' engagement level. Lastly, discussions and implications were presented so that the ‘Creative Problem-Solving in Community Issues’ course could be advanced and expanded in line with the university's innovation direction.

The Role of AI Technology in Digital Media Technology Course Teaching

With the rapid development of Internet technology and the widespread use of smart terminals, we have entered the Internet era. The continuous innovation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has enriched people's work and life and has changed how people receive information. Unlike traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, and television, digital media provides a more efficient way to access information. In the 21st-century knowledge economy, digital media has become a core industry. Under such circumstances, universities across the country have successively introduced related courses, with the Digital Media Technology program being one of the most representative. Due to the diverse fields and wide application range of digital media technology, its social functions have been fully demonstrated during its development. Therefore, integrating AI technology into the teaching of digital media technology courses can help adjust teaching goals, optimize teaching methods, and gradually enhance students' initiative. This paper aims to explore the specific application of AI technology in digital media technology course teaching to provide useful references for educators.

A Simulation and Experimental Platform for Communication Courses Based on Digital Signal Processor

In this paper, a simulation and experimental platform is designed and implemented to overcome the shortcomings of the existing experimental platform for communication related courses. Firstly, the overall scheme of the simulation and experimental platform are introduced, including the specific hardware composition and supporting software. Secondly, the implement details are described in the following order: system composition, peripherals, hardware accelerator, and interface to the host computer. The main system is based on an independently developed digital signal processor, which may relieve the bottleneck problem of imported chips. Using FPGA to implement peripherals enhances the flexibility of the entire system and provides the ability for further development. The feasibility of reducing the cost is then discussed. Thirdly, the design and implementation of the simulator, compiler and assembler, debugger and other tools are introduced respectively. The simulator can operate under normal mode and debugging mode. The former can be used for ordinary experiments for teaching purpose, while the latter is for further development of graduated students. Finally, the prepared experimental projects are shown, including 6 basic experiments and 6 communication algorithm experiments. With the help of these experiments, students can better understand the principles and implementation of corresponding communication algorithms, and experience how different parameters may impact on the communication results, by modifying the configuration of the experimental system. The demonstrations of prototype prove that the simulation and experimental platform can meet the needs of communication related courses. The future work includes developing more experimental projects, raising integration to reduce the costs, and improving the entire system based on student feedback.

Research on the Path of Ideological and Political Education of “Computer Foundation” Course with ITAI

As a mandatory public course in higher education, integrating ideological and political education into the “Computer Foundation” course presents a significant challenge. This paper examines the path for incorporating ideological and political education into the “Computer Foundation” course within the context of IT Application Innovation (ITAI). It explores effective strategies for merging ideological and political education with the computer foundation curriculum to enhance students’ information literacy and ideological quality. By analyzing the current status and issues in the ideological and political education of the “Computer Foundation” course, this paper proposes targeted strategies and implementation measures to provide insights for the ideological and political reform of related professional courses.

The relationships between online program formatting, technology satisfaction, and course quality

This study aims to explore students’ perceived quality of graduate courses in relation to their satisfaction with the technological tools used in online master’s level courses. Invariance testing and structural equation modelling were used to demonstrate the validity of technology usage scales and effectively test links between course type, technology satisfaction, and course quality. The study participants included 364 graduate students enrolled at a large university in the Midwest who were taking blended and fully online courses. The participants responded to a scale regarding their experience with the course. Interestingly, program type (blended vs. fully online) did not significantly impact technology satisfaction or the perceived quality of the course, even after taking into account the technology satisfaction mediator on course quality. Program type is not related to course quality, although technology satisfaction does contribute to quality ratings. The implications for instructors suggest that the development of technology-centric activities is warranted to improve the quality of online education courses.

Slow and Steady or Fast and Furious: An Analysis of Completion Duration in open.uom.lk

The open.uom.lk platform is an open learning platform developed by the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, offering free asynchronous online IT related courses. The platform was developed as an initiative to meet the growing human capital requirement of the IT industry in Sri Lanka, one of the only sectors showing strong growth even during the country’s recent economic crisis. In the two years since the release of its flagship course Trainee Full-Stack Developer, there have been over 270,000 enrolled learners. The course consists of six subjects covering Python programming, web design, and a professional practice module that includes a capstone project. Despite the massive number of enrollments, as in many other MOOCs, completion rates remain low. For instance, for the two beginner courses in programming and web design, into which all participants are enrolled automatically, completion rates stand at 7-10%. Completion rates for subsequent subjects are higher given that enrollment is conditional on completing prerequisites. From a planning perspective, it is not just estimates of how many participants complete the programs but also the time they take to do so that are integral for determining the future growth of the IT industry. As such, this study aims to develop a model for course completion using survival analysis which has the advantage of being able to model censored data (e.g. when duration is unknown due to non-completion) and provide forecasts of completion rates at different points in time. The analysis uses student activity completion reports and demographic information of participants including employment and educational background. The findings suggest that the course interaction variables, particularly the speed of completing early activities, are more important for predicting course completion than the demographic variables, though education and employment status are also significantly correlated with completion. The survival model could then be used for purposes of predicting both the completion probability as well as the timeframe within which the completion may be expected.