Related Medicinal Preparations Research Articles

Quality Evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Capsules Based on Rapid and Accurate LC-ESI-MS/MS Assay of Three Diterpenoids.

Andrographis paniculata is an important traditional Chinese herbal material widely used for treatment of fever and diarrhea. The three diterpenoids [andrographolide (AP), dehydroandrographolide (DP) and neoandrographolide (NP)] in A. paniculata were characterized as the key active components for its extractive and related medicinal preparations. A rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of these three diterpenoids in A. paniculata capsules was accomplished by means of a valid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) analytical method. An optimized gradient elution method, which under the mobile phase consisting of methanol and water, was established successfully. An XDB C18 column (3.5μm, 2.1mm×50mm) was successfully applied to separate these three diterpenoids at the flow rate of 0.55mL/min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using an electrospray ionization source was served for analytical detection. The linearity, specificity, accuracy, recovery, precision, stability and repeatability were demonstrated to fully confirm the validity of this study. Good linear regression relationships for the three analytes were obtained over the range of 0.50-1000ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were evaluated with relative standard deviation<7.62%, and the extraction recovery varied from 93.8% to 102.0%. The rapid and accurate HPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed for the quality evaluation of A. paniculata capsules successfully. The content of AP, DP and NP obtained were 3.90-4.08, 4.77-5.04, 4.32-4.48mg/g in A. paniculata capsules, respectively. Moreover, it is expected that this analytical technique can be applied to detect three effective components rapidly and accurately in other different medicinal preparations of A. paniculata as a method for their quality control.

Plant Juices and Related Medicinal Preparations: Issues of Standardization and Quality Control

The potential of using juices to produce medicinal preparations is demonstrated. The current market conditions for medicinal preparations prepared from juices of fresh medicinal plant raw material are characterized. The urgency to develop draft General Pharmacopoeial Monographs “Juices” and “Determination of juice content in fresh medicinal plant raw material” is emphasized. Quality indicators characteristic of the “Juice” dosage form are formulated. Four methods for determining the juice content in fresh medicinal plant raw material used to produce juice are proposed and include two methods for determining juice in raw material for allopathic medicines and two methods applicable to production of homeopathic matrix tinctures.

Quality Evaluation of Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc. Based on Phenolic Profiles, Bioactivity, and HPLC Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics.

Juniperus rigida (J. rigida) which is endemic to East Asia, has traditionally been used as an ethnomedicinal plant in China. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of J. rigida samples derived from 11 primary regions in China. Ten phenolic compounds were simultaneously quantified using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and chlorogenic acid, catechin, podophyllotoxin, and amentoflavone were found to be the main compounds in J. rigida needles, with the highest contents detected for catechin and podophyllotoxin. J. rigida from Jilin (S9, S10) and Liaoning (S11) exhibited the highest contents of phenolic profiles (total phenolics, total flavonoids and 10 phenolic compounds) and the strongest antioxidant and antibacterial activities, followed by Shaanxi (S2, S3). A similarity analysis (SA) demonstrated substantial similarities in fingerprint chromatograms, from which 14 common peaks were selected. The similarity values varied from 0.85 to 0.98. Chemometrics techniques, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA), were further applied to facilitate accurate classification and quantification of the J. rigida samples derived from the 11 regions. The results supported HPLC data showing that all J. rigida samples exhibit considerable variations in phenolic profiles, and the samples were further clustered into three major groups coincident with their geographical regions of origin. In addition, two discriminant functions with a 100% discrimination ratio were constructed to further distinguish and classify samples with unknown membership on the basis of eigenvalues to allow optimal discrimination among the groups. Our comprehensive findings on matching phenolic profiles and bioactivities along with data from fingerprint chromatograms with chemometrics provide an effective tool for screening and quality evaluation of J. rigida and related medicinal preparations.

An Approach Based on HPLC-Fingerprint and Chemometrics to Quality Consistency Evaluation of Matricaria chamomilla L. Commercial Samples.

Chamomile has been used as an herbal medication since ancient times and is still popular because it contains various bioactive phytochemicals that could provide therapeutic effects. In this study, a simple and reliable HPLC method was developed to evaluate the quality consistency of nineteen chamomile samples through establishing a chromatographic fingerprint, quantification of phenolic compounds and determination of antioxidant activity. For fingerprint analysis, 12 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities of commercial samples of chamomile obtained from different manufacturers. A similarity analysis was performed to assess the similarity/dissimilarity of chamomile samples where values varied from 0.868 to 0.990 what indicating that samples from different manufacturers were consistent. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of five phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic) and four flavonoids (rutin, myricetin, quercetin and keampferol) was performed to interpret the quality consistency. In quantitative analysis, the nine individual phenolic compounds showed good regression (r > 0.9975). Inter- and intra-day precisions for all analyzed compounds expressed as relative standard deviation (CV) ranged from 0.05% to 3.12%. Since flavonoids and other polyphenols are commonly recognized as natural antioxidants, the antioxidant activity of chamomile samples was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between antioxidant activity and phenolic composition, and multivariate analysis (PCA and HCA) were applied to distinguish chamomile samples. Results shown in the study indicate high similarity of chamomile samples among them, widely spread in the market and commonly used by people as infusions or teas, as well as that there were no statistically significant differences among them, which in turn is a proof of high quality of commercially available samples of chamomile. The study indicated that the combination of chromatographic fingerprint and quantitative analysis can be readily utilized as a quality consistency method for chamomile and related medicinal preparations. Moreover, the applied strategy seems to be the most promising for the assessment of the investigated plant material.

Изменение подходов к нормированию содержания тяжелых металлов в лекарственном растительном сырье и лекарственных растительных препаратах (обзор)

На основе анализа нормативных документов выявлена тенденция нивелирования различий в подходах к нормированию содержания тяжелых металлов в лекарственных средствах, лекарственном растительном сырье и лекарственных растительных препаратах. Показано, что основным принципом нормирования тяжелых металлов в настоящее время является принцип селективного определения.

Determining thymol and carvacrol by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique for the qualitative and quantitative determination of carvacrol and thymol in plants and related medicinal preparations has been developed. A chromatographic system consisting of a reversed-phase Diasorb 130-C18T column eluted with a MeOH:H2O:THF (50:50:22, v/v) mixture separates effectively the carvacrol and thymol isomers and ensures their quantitative determination.

Simultaneous quantification of five major constituents in stems of Dracaena plants and related medicinal preparations from China and Vietnam by HPLC–DAD

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of five major bioactive constituents in the stems of resiniferous Dracaena plants from China and Vietnam, as well as those in the related traditional Chinese medicinal preparations. A diode array detector with the wavelength of 330 nm was used to monitor resveratrol, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone and pterostilbene, while loureirin A and loureirin B were monitored at 280 nm. The five constituents were separated on an Agela SB C(18) column by gradient elution using 0.008% (v/v) formic acid solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. The validation of the method included recovery, linearity, accuracy and precision (intra- and inter-day variation). The range of recoveries of this method was 98.1-104.9%, with all the constituents showing good linearity (r(2) > 0.9999). The accuracy and precision were satisfactory, with the overall intra- and inter-day variation being less than 4%. The present method has been successfully applied for the determination of all five constituents in 21 related herbal samples including 10 D. cochinchinensis stem samples, seven D. cambodiana stem samples and four purchased medicinal preparations. The contents of these constituents were analyzed using principal component analysis, which can efficiently identify raw herb of Dracaena from different sources. The study may be considered helpful to the quality control of Dracena plants and its medicinal preparations.

Analysis of protoberberine alkaloids in several herbal drugs and related medicinal preparations by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis

A simple, rapid, reproducible, and universal non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis method has been developed for the separation and determination of three major active protoberberine alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine within 7 min. The effects of the concentrations of acetic acid and electrolyte, the ratio of organic solvent, and the applied voltage on the separation were investigated. The optimum running buffer was composed of 50 mM ammonium acetate, 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid, and 10% (v/v) acetonitrile in methanol. The applied voltage was 18 kV. The analytes were detected by UV at 214 nm. The linearities between peak areas and the concentrations of the analytes were also investigated, and they exhibit excellent linear behavior over the concentration ranges (correlation coefficients: 0.9975-0.9986). The method was successfully applied to determine the three alkaloids in several families of herbal drugs (Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Berberidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Herba Chelidonii, Caulis Mahoniae) and their relevant medicinal preparations for the first time, and the recoveries of the three constituents ranged between 95.6-103.2% for berberine, 97.5-103.3% for palmatine, and 96.1 -103.6% for jatrorrhizine.

Evaluation of the Adsorption Capacity of Enterosorbents and Related Medicinal Preparations

Evaluation of the Adsorption Capacity of Enterosorbents and Related Medicinal Preparations