Related International Standards Research Articles

Comparative analysis of rule elements for transportation of cell therapy products among regulations and standards.

Aim: This study aimed to identify the elements involved in the transportation of cell therapy products by conducting a comparative analysis of four related international standards for temperature-controlled delivery and good distribution practice (GDP). Methods: An analytical framework was constructed to cover the entire transportation process. The descriptions of each element in the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S) GDP, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 21973, Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy Common Standards for Cellular Therapies and ISO 23412 were compared. Results: The study identified some elements that were present in the PIC/S GDP and other standards but were absent in ISO 21973, and vice versa. These elements are crucial in view of the increasing opportunities to transport allogeneic cells in the future. Conclusion: The study identified the necessary elements that should be included in the development of transport regulations for cell therapy products.

A variable loading and automatic control test device for carpet resilience measurement

In this study, a novel multifunctional carpet test device was proposed to overcome deficiencies of current technology, including manual operation error and fixed load. The newly developed test device can automatically perform short-term static loading, long-term static loading and thickness measurement on five samples, simultaneously. The application of the load is achieved by using pneumatic system elements and automation of the developed test device is obtained by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) software. The device was verified according to “trueness” and “precision” criteria via statistical analyses. As a result of trueness determination, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values of the developed test device were between 0.001–0.023, in comparison to that of the traditional carpet thickness tester, which exhibits very close trend between two measurements. The precision analysis results revealed no significant difference in 95% confidence interval between developed test device and the carpet thickness tester. Moreover, the developed test device is capable for thickness loss test by brief moderate loading, prolonged heavy loading and carpet thickness measurement, following related international standards.

Computer-Assisted Corpus Analysis: An Introduction to Concepts, Processes, and Decisions

<bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Problem:</b> This tutorial aims to guide readers through key concepts, basic processes, and common decision points that inform computer-assisted corpus-based research in technical, professional, and scientific communication (TPSC). <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Key concepts:</b> Based on our collaborative experiences and an example developed for this tutorial, key concepts of corpus analysis useful to TPSC researchers and practitioners include the following: corpus location, text preparation, and programming language and software selection. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Key lessons:</b> These key concepts can be used to establish basic processes and decision points that, in turn, yield lessons related to the usefulness of lexicogrammatical language models and the significance of multidisciplinarity. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Implications:</b> Although corpus research is a growing and important part of the field of TPSC, challenges remain in terms of language model variety and ethical considerations. At least in part, these challenges can be met, respectively, by alignment between corpus and analytic tools and reference to the Common Rule and related international standards.

전동기의 효율 관리와 효율 향상에 관한 연구 동향

Recent research trends related to motor efficiency improvement, international regulations related to motor efficiency, and related standards were reviewed. The improvement of the efficiency of induction motors, which has been studied a lot so far, is almost at the limit level. Now, interest in improving the efficiency of variable speed motors and power converters and improving the efficiency of systems using variable speed control is also increasing, and related international standards are continuously being established and revised. It is time for Korea to develop standards that are in line with international standards. In addition, research trends for improving motor efficiency were also reviewed. The development of materials used in electric motors, the rapid growth of electric vehicles and the development of wide-bandgap semiconductor devices are expected to act as a new driving force in the field of electric motors.

UNESCO’S Judges’ Initiative

Human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Within the framework of international human rights law, the right to freedom of expression particularly stands out, as it constitutes a pre-requisite for the fulfilment of other fundamental rights. In this regard, as ‘guardian of the rule of law’, the judiciary plays a particularly important role in guaranteeing the respect for the fundamental right to freedom of expression and its corollaries, access to information and the safety of journalists. To do so, however, judicial actors need to be well versed on freedom of expression challenges (both online and offline), and knowledgeable about the related international standards and regional jurisprudence. To share best practices and lessons learnt in this regard, this essay will be structured in two parts: first, it will discuss the crucial role of an independent judiciary in protecting the rights to freedom of expression and access to information, while falling under the obligation to act in full transparency itself. Second, it will present an in-depth analysis of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s Judges’ Initiative, presenting the concrete experience of a United Nations’ body engaging with its constituents. At the heart of this endeavor is the goal of enhancing the international human rights legal framework, by raising, in full cooperation with them, the knowledge an capacities of judicial actors from around the world on the need to protect and promote freedom of expression, access to information, and the safety of journalists to guarantee the respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Agricultural Soil Planted to Jatropha curcas

This study was conducted to assess the potential of Jatropha curcas in remediating soils contaminated with heavy metals from hydrocarbon fuel. Matured cuttings of Jatropha plant were planted in the plastic pots filled with soils contaminated with three different level of HMs concentration; 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg respectively arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The aim was to appraise if Jatropha curcas can be used to treat the heavy metals; Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu in the contaminated soils and determine whether the treated metals complied to soil permissible limit concentration of agricultural soils advocated by Nigerian and other related international standards. Findings indicated that all the analysed metals recorded a significant statistical difference with different level of soil contamination (P&lt;0.05). However, despite their concentration achieved compliance at their initial soil contamination, Cu, Zn and Ni were highly removed by Jatropha plant though the latter metal failed compliance to Nigerian standard at both pre and post Jatropha planting period. Moreover, the metals showed highest removal efficiency in the range of 57%-95% at 500mg/kg hydrocarbon fuel soil contamination. In contrast, Cd metal concentration was low and above compliance limit at pre and post Jatropha planting period except at 1000mg/kg hydrocarbon fuel contamination that achieved compliance of United States (US) with removal efficiency in the range of 8%-42%. However, Pb metal concentration was high and variable at both initial contamination and concentration after Jatropha planting, with the metal achieving and failing compliance of some countries at certain level of concentration after the Jatropha phytoremediation. Overall, the outcome of this research indicates that the Jatropha plant has depurated the metals effectively from the contaminated soils particularly Cu, Zn and Ni at 500mg/kg level of contamination despite the fact that the phytoremediation process was within the period of two months. Hence, the continuation of the experiment is needed in order to fully determine the actual period and appropriate level of soil contamination required for the optimum metal phytoremediation and type of metals the Jatropha plant prefers most in terms of the remediation compared to others.

Analysis of international regulations regarding migration

This article is an analysis of the system and content of international migration regulations, in terms of the evolutionary element and the significance of international standards in this regard. Illegal migration is one of the international criminal phenomena that has characterized societies of all times. At the current stage, however, this phenomenon has taken on a very large scale. Migration processes are taking place simultaneously and are growing in many countries around the world. However, effective management and proper regulation of migration can play an important role in the development of societies and the reduction of human poverty. In this repsect, the regulation of the migration phenomenon imposes on the situation the adoption and implementation of related international and national standards. In fact, international standards have formed and continue to form the basis for the prevention and detection of the crime of organizing illegal migration, provided by art. 3621CP the RM, the character of which concerns transnational elements of this phenomenon.

Handling of Correction of Indicated Value of Wet Steam Flow Measurement and Its Relation to Standards

In general, it is practically difficult to separate the gas and liquid phases of a steam flowmeter for simultaneous measurement, given its measurement principle. Therefore, based on our past research activities and results, we have reorganized the steam flow rate value for the gas phase, which contributes to understanding the amount of useful heat energy, by making useful corrections to the flow rate indication value when measuring wet steam in which the gas and liquid phases are mixed. In addition, the relationship with related international standards is discussed, and future prospects are discussed.

Data Quality Management in the Internet of Things.

Nowadays, IoT is being used in more and more application areas and the importance of IoT data quality is widely recognized by practitioners and researchers. The requirements for data and its quality vary from application to application or organization in different contexts. Many methodologies and frameworks include techniques for defining, assessing, and improving data quality. However, due to the diversity of requirements, it can be a challenge to choose the appropriate technique for the IoT system. This paper surveys data quality frameworks and methodologies for IoT data, and related international standards, comparing them in terms of data types, data quality definitions, dimensions and metrics, and the choice of assessment dimensions. The survey is intended to help narrow down the possible choices of IoT data quality management technique.

The use of blast furnace slag as a supplementary cementitious material

Waste material recycling in mortar production not only provides a promising resource for producing high-quality mortar, but it also aids in properly addressing the waste disposal issue. This study investigates the potential of utilizing blast furnace slag wastes as a supplementary cementitious material in blended cement-based mortars.The experimental program includes investigation of compressive strength of cement-based mortar composites contained different types and percentages of slag wastes. The mortar specimens were prepared and cured following related international standards. After curing, the compressive strengths of the tested specimens were assessed and compared with control specimens. The influence of the chemical composition of the investigated slag types on the resulted strength of the blended cement mortar was also discussed. Results of this study revealed that the chemical compositions of the raw slag wastes have significant effects on the pozzolanic activity of the produced slag. Slag samples contained higher percentages of calcium oxides present the most promising results regarding the production of supplementary cementitious material.

Design of lighting system for sacred places with the approach of improving technical and economic conditions

In Islamic countries, many sacred places reflect the history, culture, and tradition of the nations. One of the main issues that can improve the architecture of these places is the proper lighting system. In this research, two alternative lighting designs for the main courtyard of the JAMKARAN mosque are discussed. These schemes are presented based on related international experiences and standards of lighting systems and to minimize energy consumption and eliminate disadvantages in the current lighting system. At first, based on on-site visits and data collection, the general structure of JAMKARAN mosque including dimensions, height, architectural structure, and current lighting system of the mosque including the number, location, and power consumption of projectors and other lighting equipment was modeled and simulated in DIALux Evo software. Afterward, using the results obtained from software simulation and comparison of software output data with lighting standards and international experiences, technical and operational shortcomings of the current design were identified. In the end, two alternative lighting designs based on international standards and user experiences related to lighting systems for sacred places are presented. The simulation results show that the proposed designs not only meet the lighting standards and technical indicators but minimized the number of lights, amount of energy consumption, and costs. In terms of economic, the cost of our proposed lighting designs is equal to 60 percent of the cost of the current JAMKARAN mosque’s lighting system. And in terms of technical indicators, such as minimum light intensity, glare, and uniform light distribution, the proposed designs are superior. This research opens windows for researchers to develop a lighting system design in sacred places with an approach to improving technical and economic conditions.

Performance Evaluation and Effectiveness of the Reverberation Room

This research presents a thorough evaluation of the reverberation room at Acoustics Laboratory in National Institute of Standards (NIS) according to the related international standards. The evaluation aims at examining the ro... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Interlaboratory comparison results of vibration transducers between TÜBITAK UME and Roketsan

This paper presents an interlaboratory comparison on vibration metrology field which can be used as a powerful method of checking the validity of results and measurement capabilities according to ISO 17025. In this standard it is advised to participate in an interlaboratory comparison or a proficiency test in order to prove measurement capabilities of calibration providers. In this study it is aimed to statistically evaluate the measurements results in the scope of sinusoidal acceleration between TÜBITAK UME (National Metrology Institute of Turkey) and Roketsan as per related International Standards. After statistical evaluation, for unsatisfactory results, root cause analyses and corrections to improve measurement quality are presented and conceptually explained.

Legal regulation of obtaining audit evidence in the system of international audit standards in force in the Russian Federation

This article analyzes the procedure for obtaining audit evidence, the regulation of which is contained in international auditing standards. The key role in the system of international standards governing the receipt of audit evidence is played by ISA 200, ISA 500, recognized and operating in the current period in the Russian Federation. Taking into account the analysis of these ISAs and the directly related international audit standards, the concept and types of audit evidence are determined, their essential characteristics, audit procedures aimed at obtaining audit evidence, disclose methods for selecting test items in order to obtain audit evidence, including the audit sampling method, which allows for a conclusion on the entire set of elements to be drawn. In addition, the procedure for obtaining audit evidence in relation to certain items of the financial statements is determined.

A Novel Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Approach for Road Vehicle Functional Safety through Integrating STPA with FMEA

ISO26262: 2018 is an international functional safety standard for electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems within road vehicles. It provides appropriate safety requirements for road vehicles to avoid unreasonable residual risk according to automotive safety integrity levels (ASILs) derived from hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) required in the ISO26262 concept phase. Systems theoretic process analysis (STPA) seems to be designed specifically to deal with hazard analysis of modern complex systems, but it does not include risk evaluation required by most safety related international standards. So we integrated STPA into Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) template to form a new method called system theoretic process analysis based on an FMEA template, STPAFT for shot, which could not only meet all the requirements of the concept phase in ISO26262, but also make full use of the advantages of the two methods. Through the focus of FMEA on low-level components, STPAFT can obtain more detailed causal factors (CFs), which is very helpful for derivation of safety goals (SGs) and the functional safety requirements (FSRs) in the concept phase of ISO26262. The application of STPAFT is described by the case study of fuel level estimation and display system (FLEDS) to show how the concept phase of ISO26262 could be supported by STPAFT.

Requirements for enterprise information disclosure on green and low-carbon

As an important bridge for communication between the enterprise and the stakeholders, the corporate information disclosure on green and low-carbon draws more and more attention. This paper has introduced the basic principles for corporate information disclosure on green and low-carbon, and has researched the green and low-carbon related international standards, and information disclosure on green and low-carbon of domestic and foreign enterprises. On that basis, this paper has expounded the main contents of corporate information disclosure on green and low-carbon and disclosure implementation.

INVESTIGATING FOR 3D TURKEY CADASTRE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Abstract. Nowadays, a very active research area is the 3D cadastre concept. In relation, 3D Cadastre is an essential component used in a land management system which is to manage and represent layered rights digitally, restrictions, responsibilities (legal models), buildings, public services and corresponding physical models (above or below the floor surface in 3D). The 3D Cadastre has a lot of capable of collecting, storing, organising, querying, analysing and visualising very intricate details within specific standards for all over the worlds. Besides, now in Turkey, 3D cadastre is to be designing and developing with academic studies. The cadastral concept was developed for the 3D Cadastral in the early 2000s from studies related to the world countries. The first workshop was held in 2001; the second workshop was held in 2011 and 2012 in the third. Temporarily, many theoretical and practical developments have emerged in these workshops. However, no 3D cadastre is currently being performed anywhere in the world (Oosterom et al., 2011). There are several reasons why successful implementation of 3D cadastre is legal, institutional and technical. These reasons can be listed as the necessary legal documents, missing data models, lack of technology and data format deficiencies. The 3D cadastre scope should be defined as ideal in legal and institutional systems for all of the cadastral systems. While waiting for these formalities, the development of a data model for 3D cadastre is a useful method to clarify the scope of 3D cadastre. A 3D cadastral data model is the most important for the introduction of standards (INSPIRE, OGC, LADM) and a common language within the user communities of the Land Administration. In this context, some countries (Netherlands, Australia) have developed cadastral data models (ePlan, Legal Property Object Model, LADM, 3D Cadastral Data Model) to improve their cadastral systems. Although cadastral data models differ between countries, 2D is based on the basic building block of a land parcel. The existing cadastral data models were developed based on the definition of a 2D land parcel for many countries. Besides land tenure recording system with related 2D cadastral systems also. In line with the developed models, Netherlands, Australia, Croatia and Israel improved their existing cadastral systems and carried out studies in the scope of 3D cadastre. In Turkey, the 3D cadastre scope is still working for an academic site. In this study, the first section comprises of the investigation for 3D cadastral systems. Turkey studies and cadastral systems will be discussed in section 2. The scope and principles of 3D cadastre are discussed for Turkey with section 3. Moreover, the obstacles to the implementation of 3D cadastre and international standards developed within the scope of 3D cadastre are discussed and also data models developed for Turkey cadastral system with related international standards (Land Administration Domain Model, INSPIRE and ISO) in section 4. Also, finally, discussion and results were assessed in this paper.

The Need for Audit Trinity Report to Reinforce Financial Reporting Integrity

Investors’ reliability on financial statements decreases due to continuing corporate scandals. Many of these rogue listed companies have had dominant shareholders who have circumvented internal controls for personal gain or have hidden poor management using misleading reporting. This has led to calls for restructuring the annual financial report and to fill the gap of corporate governance constituents. This study aims to highlight the importance of combining the efforts of the audit trinity (those are: the audit committee, the external auditor and the internal auditor) in securing the financial reporting system and corporate governance. This literature-based study suggests coordinating and integrating the efforts of the audit trinity and the issue a joint report addressing all matters related to (1) safeguarding company’s assets and accounts (2) ensuring that financial statements and the annual report are fair, balanced and reliable, and (3) ensure the entity’s compliance with applicable laws, corporate governance code, and accounting and auditing standards. The proposed joint report is to be signed by the audit trinity and certified by the chairperson of the board. The development of this report went through two stages, the first one, reviewing related literature, internationally recognized frameworks and corporate governance best practices, and related international standards on auditing; the second stage was sending the draft of the proposed report to 20 expert referees requesting their comments on the structure and the appropriateness of the proposed report. The proposed report helps by clarifying the communication mechanism, responsibilities and powers of the audit trinity that enable them to adequately discharge their duty of maintaining corporate accountability and securing the financial reporting system. It also addressed the need to have informed and stringent control over the quality of financial ‎reporting and avoidance of conflicts of interest‎.

Tuning of Measurement Weights in State Estimation: Theoretical Analysis and Case Study

Based on well-known statistical laws characterizing the propagation of errors, and the guidelines provided by the related international standards, this paper first presents a theoretical analysis of the uncertainty associated with the conventional measurements used by weighted least squares state estimators. Three major sources of errors are considered, namely instrument transformers, measuring devices, and deadband errors, leading to algebraic expressions that clearly show the contribution of each major factor to the overall uncertainty. Then, the methodology is applied to the subtransmission systems of Union Fenosa Distribucion, and a comparison is performed illustrating the potential benefits arising from the use of the proposed weighting coefficients.

Creating Mechanisms to Get Good Access to Beneficial Ownership Information in International Context

International initiatives to enhance tax compliance and reduce the extent and impact of illicit financial flows have now been ongoing for over two decades, led primarily by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (Global Forum), the European Union (EU), the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the World Bank. Increasingly, the various forums, bodies, panels, and countries involved in developing policy responses to the issue of illicit financial flows are recognising that there are synergies between these regimes and initiatives that, if harnessed properly, can multiply the effectiveness of current individual approaches. For instance, while the stated purpose of the FATF Standards on transparency and beneficial ownership is to prevent the misuse of corporate vehicles for money laundering or terrorist financing, the implementation of these Standards supports efforts to prevent and detect other predicate offences such as tax crimes and corruption, while reinforcing jurisdictions’ capacity to meet their legal obligations arising from related international standards such as the UNCAC, the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, the OECD Convention on Combating the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, and the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information. Common to many of these regimes and standards is the shared recognition that the identification of the ultimate beneficial owners of accounts and of corporations is crucial to detecting, tracking, and preventing illicit financial flows, by enabling authorities to more effectively and efficiently “follow the money”. The aim of this paper is to provide the necessary contextual information around beneficial ownership, and its place in the broader transparency agenda, in order to enhance understanding amongst stakeholders of what is meant by the concept and what its effective implementation requires. Part I sets out a broad overview of current and historical developments in the financial transparency agenda. Part II provides an outline of the relevant international frameworks that prescribe the collection, verification, and disclosure requirements for beneficial ownership information (being, primarily, the AML/CFT FATF Standards and the bilateral/multilateral mechanisms for exchange of information for tax purposes). Part III discusses the benefits of, and barriers to, effective collection, disclosure and exchange of beneficial ownership information, and outlines practical steps that can be taken to enable and/or reinforce verification systems. Part IV establishes an overview of recent international developments on the concept of beneficial ownership. It presents a factual description of the initiatives taken by the OECD, the Global Forum, the FATF, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, World Bank, UNODC, Transparency International and Tax Justice Networks. Part V seeks to provide some useful practical-oriented recommendations on short- to medium-term actions that could be taken in these types of capacity-constrained environments to improve transparency and enhance the effectiveness of current tools and practices for combatting illicit financial flows.