Dissemination Of Related Information Research Articles

Childhood Influenza Vaccination and Its Determinants during 2020-2021 Flu Seasons in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Young children aged 6−59 months are recommended as one of the priority groups for seasonal influenza vaccination in China. This study assessed influenza vaccination coverage and the factors associated with vaccination uptake among children in three Chinese provinces. In September 2021, 2081 caregivers with children <5 years completed self-administered questionnaires as part of a cross-sectional survey. Logistic regression was used to assess determinants of childhood influenza vaccination. A total of 43.63% of respondents reported vaccinating their children against influenza during the 2020−2021 flu season. Caregivers who lived in Anhui province, had a bachelor degree or above, and an annual household income <20,000 RMB were more likely to vaccinate their children against influenza. Confidence in the importance (OR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.77−3.54), safety (OR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.29−1.99), and effectiveness (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.23−1.93) of influenza vaccine was significantly associated with childhood vaccine acceptance. Respondents who saw that other caregivers were vaccinating their children had significantly higher odds of vaccinating their own children. Caregivers’ receiving positive influence from healthcare workers (OR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.00−1.77), family members, or friends (OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.14−1.49) were also significantly associated with childhood influenza vaccination. Poor access, including conflicts between caregivers’ availability and vaccination service schedules and inconvenient transportation to the vaccination site were negatively associated with childhood flu vaccination. To promote childhood influenza vaccination, public health information campaigns need to target wealthier and less educated caregivers to enhance caregivers’ confidence in influenza vaccination. Targeted interventions are also needed to optimize access to vaccination services, including extending vaccination service hours and increasing the number of vaccination sites close to residential areas. Interventions are also needed to encourage primary care providers to play a greater role in promoting vaccination. Finally, the dissemination of related information and the public response need to be monitored for the timely understanding of public perceptions.

Challenges in flood control operation and dissemination of information - Lessons from the record-breaking heavy rain in July 2018, Japan

In July 2018, a record-breaking heavy rain hit western part of Japan, leaving severe damages. 213 dams under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) were engaged in flood control operation, and greatly contributed to the reduction of flood damages. Meanwhile, in case of 8 dams, the amount of rainfall was so huge that the emergency spillway gate operation by discharging equal to inflow volume was obliged to execute which caused severe flood damages in some of the downstream areas. In December 2018, Special Panel set up by MLIT finalized a report urging enhancement of flood control capability of dams and dissemination of related information, in preparation for the risk of extreme rainfall which may increase under changing climate condition. This paper briefly introduces the report, outlining the flood control activities at the 2018 flood event as well as the contents of the proposal.

Pandemic Information Dissemination and Its Associations With the Symptoms of Mental Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundThe 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic has added to the mental health strain on individuals and groups across the world in a variety of ways. Viral mitigation protocols and viral spread affect people on all continents every day, but at widely different degrees. To understand more about the mental health consequences of the pandemic, it is important to investigate whether or how people gather pandemic-related information and how obtaining this information differentially affects individuals.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether and to what extent higher levels of COVID-19–related media consumption across information sources are associated with the symptoms of anxiety, health anxiety, and depression, and whether and to what extent using social media and online interactive platforms versus traditional media platforms is associated with the symptoms of anxiety, health anxiety, and depression. Additionally, we aimed to investigate whether and to what extent avoidance of COVID-19–related information is associated with the aforementioned symptoms.MethodsIn a cross-sectional preregistered survey, 4936 participants responded between June 22 and July 13, 2020. Eligible participants were adults currently residing in Norway and were thus subjected to identical viral mitigation protocols. This sample was representative of the Norwegian population after utilizing an iterative raking algorithm to conduct poststratification. As 2 subgroups (transgender and intersex individuals) were too small to be analyzed, the final sample for descriptive statistics and regressions included 4921 participants. Multiple regressions were used to investigate associations between the symptoms of psychopathology and COVID-19–related information dissemination. Part correlations were calculated as measures of the effect size for each predictor variable. Due to the large anticipated sample size, the preregistered criterion for significance was set at P<.01.ResultsThe symptoms of anxiety and health anxiety were significantly associated with obtaining information from newspapers (P<.001), social media (P<.001), and the broader categories of online interactive (P<.001) and traditional media (P<.001). The symptoms of depression were significantly associated with obtaining information from newspapers (P=.003), social media (P=.009), and the broader category of online interactive media (P<.001). Additionally, avoidance of COVID-19–related information showed a significant association in all 3 domains of psychopathological symptoms (anxiety and depression, P<.001; health anxiety, P=.007).ConclusionsThis study found significant associations between the symptoms of psychopathology and the use of media for obtaining information related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant findings for obtaining information through newspapers, social media, and online interactive media were seen across all 3 measures of psychopathology. Avoidance of COVID-19–related information and associations with the symptoms of psychopathology emerged as core findings, with generally higher effect sizes compared with information attainment.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04442360; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04442360

A Dissemination Model Based on Psychological Theories in Complex Social Networks.

Information spread on social media has been extensively studied through both model-driven theoretical research and data-driven case studies. Recent empirical studies have analyzed the differences and complexity of information dissemination, but theoretical explanations of its characteristics from a modeling perspective are underresearched. To capture the complex patterns of the information dissemination mechanism, we propose a resistant linear threshold (RLT) dissemination model based on psychological theories and empirical findings. In this article, we validate the RLT model on three types of networks and then quantify and compare the dissemination characteristics of the simulation results with those from the empirical results. In addition, we examine the factors affecting dissemination. Finally, we perform two case studies of the 2019 novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)-related information dissemination. The dissemination characteristics derived by the simulations are consistent with the empirical research. These results demonstrate that the RLT model is able to capture the patterns of information dissemination on social media and thus provide model-driven insights into the interpretation of public opinion, rumor control, and marketing strategies on social media.

Using text mining to identify gap in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related information dissemination between the official channel delivery and the needs of adolescents

Objective: The study intends to identify gap in HIV/AIDS awareness dissemination between the official channel delivery and the needs of adolescents. Methods: We crawled all the HIV/AIDS queries from "Baidu zhidao" till June 11st, 2018. "Baidu zhidao" inquiry and information form official public service announcement (abbreviated for "official delivery" hereafter) were the data source for comparative analysis. We categorized the text data into four kinds, "prevention", "testing and treatment", "symptoms and infection" and "legalization and policies" according to official categorization. Word segmentation was used for text mining and word frequency statistics, as well word cloud was used for word frequency visualization (all based on a comparison after removing the useless words). Results: Of the official delivery, the proportion of prevention category accounted for 32.3% (n=162) (ranks 1st), and the proportion of legalization and policies category was 14.1% (n=71). While among the "Baidu zhidao" inquiry information, the proportion of testing and treatment category accounted for 51.7% (n=51 264), and the proportion of prevention category accounted for 11.4% (n=11 272). The frequencies of same terms/ repeated terms of two channels accounted for 60% (59.3%-63.9%) of each category among the official delivery, of which, the proportion of interest terms comparatively less and more diverse in "Baidu zhidao" inquiries. The proportion of the terms frequency of each category was about 45% in "prevention, testing and treatment", 34.3% (n=14 781) in "symptoms and infection" and 17.0% (n=5 744) in "legalization and policies", respectively. Conclusion: A big gap was identified between the available official source and inquiries' term, especially word frequency discrepancy between "legalization and policies" and "prevention" categories. It underscore the necessity for the official channel to address the needs and interests of adolescents in the future.

Bibliometric Analysis of Soil Science as a Scientific Area

It is shown that interdisciplinarity in soil science as a scientific area has been growing ever more rapidly in recent years, while the dissemination of related information over different scientific journals has become excessive and still continues to increase. In particular, the number of Russian journals publishing papers on soil science and represented in the eLIBRARY.ru database increased by more than six times in 14 years (2005–2018) and, by the moment of our study, comprised over 600 names of journals and other Russian-language publications. Since 1997, the segment of papers on soil research has finally shifted from the category of soil science to environmental sciences. The Russian array of publications of 1975–2018 on soil research is analyzed in terms of its positioning in the world. Currently, the number of papers on soil science is actively increasing both in Russia and worldwide. The highest growth rate in the Russian document flow in this scientific area was observed in 2016–2018. In the number of publications, Russian soil science is in a good position in the world. Citation analysis demonstrates an increase in the citation rate in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) and Scopus databases. Contrary to the widespread opinion on the preferential citation of papers, monographs are prevalently cited in the area of soil science in the eLIBRARY.ru.

Abstract A85: Geographic management of cancer health disparities program (GMaP) region 2: An emphasis on regional institutional partnership and collaborative training of future health disparities researchers

Abstract Background/Rationale: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP), initiated in 2009, is a national program designed to enhance capacity in the areas of disparities research; recruitment and career/professional development of underrepresented investigators, trainees, and students; communication and dissemination; and evaluation. It aims to build region-based “hubs” to support efficient management of cancer health disparities (CHD) research, training, and outreach. GMaP Region 2 covers Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, and Puerto Rico.The purpose of this poster is to inform students, trainees, early stage investigators (ESIs) and funded scientists in GMaP Region 2 about career development and mentoring opportunities. It describes a series of strategies to expand and strengthen GMaP Region 2 partnerships particularly with minority serving institutions (MSIs), and increase CHD related information dissemination and communication of resources. Methods/Approach: Since 2015, Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida has served as the regional GMaP hub collaboratively working closely with the Internal Coordinating Committee (ICC), a group comprised of representatives from academic cancer centers and universities to plan and direct GMaP Region 2 activities.GMaP activities include travel and expert grant review awards; CHD targeted training; research pilot funding; cluster meeting awards; and regional communications about current research and training opportunities. Partnerships with regional National Outreach Network (NON) CHEs to strengthen community education and outreach efforts in underserved communities are also integrated into the GMaP Region 2 activities. Results: To date, GMAP Region 2 held a kick-off strategic planning retreat with ICC members in January 2016, and continues to host quarterly planning calls. GMaP Region 2 awarded a total of 7 travel awards to Assistant Professors (1), PhD Candidates (2), Post-Doctoral Fellows (2), and ESIs(2). Institutional affiliation of travel award recipients include: Morehouse School of Medicine (2); Tuskegee University (2); Ponce Health Sciences University (1); University of South Florida (1); and University of Florida (1). A total of four E-blasts and one newsletter were distributed to over 350 cancer and CHD researchers throughout the region. Partnerships with regional NON-CHEs resulted in an educational webinar aimed to educate researchers on the vital role of CHEs in CHD research. Other initiatives, including expert grant (pre-submission) review, regional collaborative cluster awards, pilot funding and targeted trainings are being developed. Also, a collaborative work plan to identify and support potential K- series applicants is underway across all regions. Conclusion/Implications: The diversity in GMaP Region 2 and collaborative institutional partners fosters critical and collective endeavors that can potentially advance effective tackling of CHD through training and collaborative team science research. Increasing access to CHD training opportunities for underrepresented investigators, trainees/students and ESIs is an essential step to equip the next generation of researchers with tools required to reduce health outcomes related to CHD. Key to this process are engaging communications, robust partnerhships, and ideas fueled by diverse academic and community members from our region. Citation Format: Kimberly Williams, Khaliah Fleming, Clement K. Gwede, Cathy Meade, Teresita Munoz-Antonia, Thomas Sellers. Geographic management of cancer health disparities program (GMaP) region 2: An emphasis on regional institutional partnership and collaborative training of future health disparities researchers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A85.

Community Size Effects on Epidemic Spreading in Multiplex Social Networks.

The dynamical process of epidemic spreading has drawn much attention of the complex network community. In the network paradigm, diseases spread from one person to another through the social ties amongst the population. There are a variety of factors that govern the processes of disease spreading on the networks. A common but not negligible factor is people’s reaction to the outbreak of epidemics. Such reaction can be related information dissemination or self-protection. In this work, we explore the interactions between disease spreading and population response in terms of information diffusion and individuals’ alertness. We model the system by mapping multiplex networks into two-layer networks and incorporating individuals’ risk awareness, on the assumption that their response to the disease spreading depends on the size of the community they belong to. By comparing the final incidence of diseases in multiplex networks, we find that there is considerable mitigation of diseases spreading for full phase of spreading speed when individuals’ protection responses are introduced. Interestingly, the degree of community overlap between the two layers is found to be critical factor that affects the final incidence. We also analyze the consequences of the epidemic incidence in communities with different sizes and the impacts of community overlap between two layers. Specifically, as the diseases information makes individuals alert and take measures to prevent the diseases, the effective protection is more striking in small community. These phenomena can be explained by the multiplexity of the networked system and the competition between two spreading processes.

Mediators between bereavement and somatic symptoms

BackgroundIn our research we examined the frequency of somatic symptoms among bereaved (N = 185) and non-bereaved men and women in a national representative sample (N = 4041) and investigated the possible mediating factors between bereavement status and somatic symptoms.MethodsSomatic symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), anxiety with a four-point anxiety rating scale, and depression with a nine-item shortened version of the Beck Depression Inventory.ResultsAmong the bereaved, somatic symptoms proved to be significantly more frequent in both genders when compared to the non-bereaved, as did anxiety and depression. On the multivariate level, the results show that both anxiety and depression proved to be a mediator between somatic symptoms and bereavement. The effect sizes indicated that for both genders, anxiety was a stronger predictor of somatic symptoms than depression.ConclusionsThe results of our research indicate that somatic symptoms accompanying bereavement are not direct consequences of this state but they can be traced back to the associated anxiety and depression. These results draw attention to the need to recognize anxiety and depression looming in the background of somatic complaints in bereavement and to the importance of the dissemination of related information.

Village Leaders and Rural Development in Bangladesh

A village committee was established to look after rural development activities that were initiated by joint efforts of villagers and staff members of the Joint Study on Rural Development Experiment (JSRDE) project team sponsored by JICA in Bangladesh. The committee was formed of the so-called traditional village leaders, or matabbors, some of whom proved to be active in enhancing villagers′ unity and devotion to village public affairs. At the same time, a village coordination meeting of local government officers was formed to coordinate the activities of the government concerning rural development. The Thana (local administrative office) officer played pivotal roles in organizing the meeting. An effort was made to “link” the organizations of local governments and the village committee, so that the governments′ rural development services were channeled into the village through a public, formal “door” of the village. Various trials implemented in the village indicated that successful linkage hinges upon the single facet of “openness” or “transparency” in information dissemination, which had been rather lacking in rural Bangladesh. The important processes of formulating the village committee and the village coordination meeting of local governments and clues for successful communication and dissemination of related information are documented in this paper. Moreover, analysis of an economic aspect of rural infrastructure reveals that bridge construction in the village was efficient in generating income for the poor.

Patenting lives

Dr Johanna Gibson is the lead researcher of the Patenting Lives Research Project at the Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute, University of London. The Patenting Lives Research Project aims to gather together interdisciplinary experts to consider intellectual property protections and restrictions on life forms, and particularly the impact on developing and least developed countries. Dr Gibson created Patenting Lives to encourage input into her research interests and concerns. This online forum is a way to increase dissemination of related information and create public awareness of relevant issues. The blog is hosted on Blogger's popular Blogspot website which means that it is easily accessible online and searchable on Google (Blogger's parent company). The interface is cleanly laid out. Other than simple pictures and hyperlinks to supplement the content of the posts, there are no flashy graphics or advertisements to distract its readers. This blog is regularly updated. New postings usually...

Travel epidemiology: WHO perspective

International travel is undertaken by increasing, numbers of people for professional, social, recreational and humanitarian purposes, and this trend looks set to continue. Travellers are exposed to a variety of health risks of the unfamiliar environment of the area visited. Most such risks can be minimized by suitable precautions taken before, during and after travel. Furthermore travellers can introduce any infectious agents they may harbour to the visited area. Because of rapid air travel, no country is safe from infectious diseases and an outbreak in one country can easily and rapidly be transmitted across long distances to affect other countries through travel and trade. The main WHO strategies for minimizing the negative effects of expanding travel on global health security include developing the necessary strategies, rules and regulations, strengthening global communicable diseases surveillance and response, dissemination of related information throughout the world and strengthening national capacity for communicable diseases surveillance and response.