Reinvestment Policy Research Articles

Model for Reinvestment Policy in Risk-Free Assets with Various Maturities

Abstract Logistic tasks are aimed at the optimal distribution of material, energy, financial and human resources. This research has a narrow field aimed at optimal management of financial resources and their redistribution. Specifically, a reinvestment policy model is derived by maximizing the profit of a business entity. Reinvestment is done with risk-free assets, but they have different maturity periods. This makes it difficult to assess the optimal investment strategy, as reinvestment can be done at the end of the maturity period. This study develops a model for a dynamic control process, which leads to the formalization of a discrete integer time optimization problem. Its solution gives a sequence of investments and a total optimal return. The solution to the problem is illustrated in an EXCEL environment. The added value of this study stems from the formalization and quantification of the model for the reinvestment strategy in the optimization problem.

Evaluating Oregon’s Justice Reinvestment Act: An Interrupted Time-Series Regression of State-Level Outcomes

Many jurisdictions across the U.S. have adopted justice reinvestment initiatives (JRIs) as a strategy for reducing the use of incarceration and mitigating large correctional budgets. In spite of this widespread adoption, little empirical research has explored the impacts of justice reinvestment policies. In response, this study employed quasiexperimental, interrupted time-series regression analyses using a decade of monthly court and corrections data to assess if JRI legislation in Oregon was effective. Results show decreased prison usage and recidivism, as well as reveal delayed and significant trend changes for felony jail admissions and community corrections populations as a result of the JRI legislations. A course for future research to further advance understanding of reinvestment and resource reallocation is outlined.

What is Justice Reinvestment? A Review of Policies and Practices

Justice reinvestment is a correctional approach to criminal justice, hinging on reducing prison populations while diverting prison-based funding into community programs (Tucker & Cadora, 2003). Justice reinvestment policies were first piloted in 2006 and have since led to federal legislation in the United States (Criminal Justice Reinvestment Act, 2010) and subsequent reauthorizations in 2015 and 2019. Since the passing of the initial legislation, Justice Reinvestment Initiative (JRI) programs have risen to nationwide popularity in the United States, with more than 30 states pursuing reinvestment-related policies. The following paper offers a critical review of the growing popularity of justice reinvestment in the United States to include the most common policies associated with the Justice Reinvestment Initiative and barriers to implementing the JRI approach. State policies and associated grant-based funding strategies are discussed, with recommendations offered for sustaining JRI policies. The current study also reviews other international approaches to justice reinvestment to highlight the widespread use of justice reinvestment.

The Eurosystem’s Monetary Policy Following the End of Net Asset Purchases

This article analyses the monetary policy conduct framework in the euro area following the end of net purchases under the financial asset purchase programme. First, there is a review of the monetary policy measures since 2014 and of the ECB’s announcements on the future course of its instruments, comparing the recent changes in euro area monetary policy with the normalisation of US monetary conditions initiated by the Federal Reserve in 2013. Second, the authors analyse the main instruments currently available to the ECB (forward guidance on interest rates and its asset portfolio reinvestment policy), and discuss how both instruments provide monetary stimulus in the current setting.

Mining and petroleum boom and public spending policies in Niger: a dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis

AbstractThis study analyzes a public-spending option from mining and oil resources and its impact on Niger's economy. The windfall gain from mining and oil revenues provides an opportunity for the country to reinvest natural resource rents, enhance economic development, and address infrastructure gaps. Drawing on the country's recent and expected mining and oil exploitation, we evaluate the effects of a reinvestment policy in road infrastructure using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. We find that investment in road infrastructure brings positive spillover effects to other sectors of the economy and benefits to the economy in the long run. Our analysis additionally shows that reinvestment in road infrastructure, given the initial state of infrastructure in Niger, could help mitigate the resource curse.

Maintenance and reinvestment policies: framework and principles

There is a lack of models that could improve the understanding of the underlying dimensions of maintenance. Many models are also large and complicated, and thus limiting the interaction between the analysis and the decision maker. Although a scheduled maintenance and reinvestment policy may reduce the number of failures, the cost of the scheduled maintenance may not reduce state costs. This paper develops a general framework and principles for maintenance and reinvestment decisions. The model in this study integrates four important dimensions: i) state of the facility; ii) maintenance; iii) reinvestment; iv) salvage value. The financial dimension is also included in the model (a fixed budget per period). The structure of the model is to support the operative management of maintenance and reinvestment in the long run, i.e., timing of maintenance and reinvestment tasks. Four different maintenance and reinvestment policies are also developed.

Maintenance and reinvestment policies: framework and principles

There is a lack of models that could improve the understanding of the underlying dimensions of maintenance. Many models are also large and complicated, and thus limiting the interaction between the analysis and the decision maker. Although a scheduled maintenance and reinvestment policy may reduce the number of failures, the cost of the scheduled maintenance may not reduce state costs. This paper develops a general framework and principles for maintenance and reinvestment decisions. The model in this study integrates four important dimensions: i) state of the facility; ii) maintenance; iii) reinvestment; iv) salvage value. The financial dimension is also included in the model (a fixed budget per period). The structure of the model is to support the operative management of maintenance and reinvestment in the long run, i.e., timing of maintenance and reinvestment tasks. Four different maintenance and reinvestment policies are also developed.

Projected Evolution of the SOMA Portfolio and the 10-Year Treasury Term Premium Effect

An earlier Feds note used staff models to provide a projection for the evolution of the SOMA portfolio and an estimate of the associated term premium effect (TPE) on the 10-year Treasury yield. That analysis relied on economic, financial, and monetary policy assumptions as of April 2017. With the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcing a change in its reinvestment policy in its September 2017 post-meeting statement, this note provides updated projections.

Principal Payments on the Federal Reserve's Securities Holdings

As noted in the Policy Normalization Principles and Plans issued in September 2014, when the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) judges that it is appropriate to begin the process of normalizing the size of the balance sheet, it intends to gradually reduce the Federal Reserve's holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS). This note provides data sources for information on current SOMA holdings and offers background information to help understand how principal payments on SOMA securities combined with a change in reinvestment policy will reduce these holdings.

The Effect of Community Reinvestment Funds on Local Acceptance of Unconventional Gas Development

A survey with an embedded experimental design is employed to determine whether local public support for an unconventional gas development (UGD) project is influenced by a policy that commits a portion of private revenues from UGD to the state or local government. The public opinion survey (N = 2,700) oversamples residents living in counties of six states where UGD is technically feasible or underway: New York, Illinois, California, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Texas. We found that proposing a hypothetical UGD site about two miles from where the resident lives decreases support for local UGD, but this effect is attenuated when residents are informed that their community or state will receive benefits from of a portion of the revenues generated by a developer. Further, the level of government receiving the reinvestment funds influences the level of local public support for UGD, such that reinvestment in local government is a much stronger predictor of public support than reinvestment in state government. Our findings have implications for understanding the social feasibility of UGD and can have implications for how reinvestment policies should be designed to influence local community attitudes.

Infrastructure Value Index: A Powerful Modelling Tool for Combined Long-term Planning of Linear and Vertical Assets

Abstract Strategic asset management of urban water infrastructures jointly deals with assets of diverse nature, useful life, cost, age and condition. Service sustainability requires a sound long-term planning, which needs assessing, among other aspects: the value of the infrastructure over time; the need for reinvestments; the impact of long-term re-investment policies. The infrastructure value index (IVI) was proven to be a powerful modelling tool for combined long-term planning of linear and vertical assets. An open-source software enables IVI assessment for both asset-by-asset detailed inventory and for simplified cohort-based infrastructure description. This paper presents the formulation, discusses the underlying assumptions and applicability, and illustrates its use for strategic planning

Developing a mass transportation system: an approach from systems dynamics

The social and economic future of a city depends primarily on the efficiency of its transport system; this is measured by the ability to move people and goods in a sustainable manner, with the available resources. Nowadays, Mass Transit systems are being developed in seven different cities of Colombia, which have created the need to track the progression and growth of their participation in the one-person travel demand. The purpose of this work is to describe the development of a mass transit system, and to provide an overview of the impact that the operating parameters and reinvestment have on the development and expansion of the demand of the system itself. Three scenarios are proposed to evaluate different operational and reinvestment policies, analyzing the behavior in the development of the system.

Book Review: Credit to the Community: Community Reinvestment and Fair Lending Policy in the United States

Book Review: Credit to the Community: Community Reinvestment and Fair Lending Policy in the United States

Credit to the Community: Community Reinvestment and Fair Lending Policy in the United States

Credit to the Community: Community Reinvestment and Fair Lending Policy in the United States

Reviews: Neighborhood Recovery: Reinvestment Policy for the New Hometown, Developing Housing Strategies in Rural Areas: A Good Practice Guide

Reviews: Neighborhood Recovery: Reinvestment Policy for the New Hometown, Developing Housing Strategies in Rural Areas: A Good Practice Guide

Revitalizing Inner‐City Neighborhoods in the United States

Books reviewed in this article:Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens ,(eds.) Urban problems andcommunity developmentMichael R. Greenberg, Restoring America's neighborhoods: how local people make a differenceW. Dennis Keating and Norman Krumholz, (eds.) Rebuilding urban neighborhoods: achievements, opportunities and limitsJohn Kromer, Neighborhood recovery: reinvestment policy for the new hometownWilliam Peterman, Neighborhood planning and community‐based development: the potential and limits of grassroots action

Managed care: recovery enhancer or inhibitor?

psychiatric rehabilitation (2) not only would represent the best utilization management strategy for the partnership but also would produce outcomes that would make consumers its best spokespersons. The psychiatric rehabilitation curriculum is built on a foundation of empowerment. As consumers begin to take control of their lives, the need for alternatives or adjuncts to traditional treatment, such as self-help groups and consumer-operated drop-in centers, increases. As consumers become involved in these activities, they form social networks that address the negative effects of isolation and decrease

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:Aura Reggiani, (ed.) Spatial Economic Science. New Frontiers in Theory And MethodologyFrans Boekema, Kevin Morgan, Silvia Bakers, and Roel Rutten, (eds.) Knowledge, Innovation and Economic Growth–The Theory and Practice of Learning RegionsGary E.Machlis and Donald R. Field, (eds.)National Parks and Rural Development: Practice And Policy in the United StatesJohn Kromer, Neighborhood Recovery: Reinvestment Policy for the New Hometown

Neighborhood Recovery: Reinvestment Policy for the New Hometown

Neighborhood Recovery: Reinvestment Policy for the New Hometown

Neighborhood recovery: reinvestment policy for the new hometown

How can distressed neighbourhoods recover from a generation of economic loss? This book presents a policy that cities can use to improve the physical condition of their neighbourhoods, and help urban residents compete for good jobs in a metropolitan economy.