Reintegration Of Migrants Research Articles

Role of Education in Economic Integration of the Albanian Emigrant’s: A Multinomial Regression Approach

The objective of the study is to analyze role of educational level of immigrants in the country of origin, training, and the recognition of school documents in economic integration and employment. In this study, the motivation and the reasons for sending and the destination of the use of remittances was analyzed. The Cassarino's model theoretical approach was used in this study to explain the new models of integration. In this study, the descriptive statistics method and logistic regression modeling is used. The data analysis shows that 68.7% of returned immigrants feel happy after returning compared to 31.3% who do not feel happy after returning. The main destination of the use of immigrant remittances based on the data results were for family needs, 97.9% of the responses affirm that and 2.1% affirm the use for other purposes. The group of immigrants without education have a very high relative chance of using remittances to meet the needs of their families. The role of equivalencies of education documents in the status of employment was analyzed, where 7.5% declared that the education documents of the country of emigration were known, 84.1% declared that they were not known, and 8.3 % gave the other answer. Differences exist regarding the employment status for immigrants whose education documentation was known. For an immigrant whose education documents are recognized, the chance of being employed is 3.07 times higher than an unemployed person and 4.41 times higher than the self-employed group. Participation in vocational training courses in the countries of immigration increases the chance of perceiving the economic situation as very good by 2.15 times higher compared to those who perceive it as unchanged. It is necessary to collect the data and information about reintegration of migrants in their country of origin. 
 
 Received: 2 September 2023 / Accepted: 21 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

Migration and the emergence of refugees from ukraine: scientific approaches and methodical tools to eliminate negative consequences

Migration and emergence of a significant number of refugees from Ukraine result in structural deformations in the labor market, depopulation of settlements, economic imbalances, and hindered economic growth. These challenges are unprecedented and constantly worsening, stressing the need for an in-depth analysis of migration patterns, alterations in the labor market, settlement systems, and economic activities. The scientific basis for comprehending the short- and long-term impacts of migration and creating effective guidelines for managing it have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this article is to examine the migration processes and devise theoretical and practical methods to curb its unfavorable outcomes. Several strategic prerequisites for the return and reintegration of migrants must be established, alongside outlining the potential for their future socio-economic status.

International Migration amid a World in Crisis

Executive Summary This article comprehensively examines international migration trends and policies in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It begins by reviewing migration developments throughout the past 60 years. It then examines pandemic-related migration trends and policies. It concludes with a series of general observations and insights that should guide local, national, regional, and international policymakers, moving forward. In particular, it proposes the following: National measures to combat COVID-19 should include international migrants, irrespective of their legal status, and should complement regional and international responses. Localities, nations, and the international community should prioritize the safe return and reintegration of migrants. States and international agencies should plan for the gradual re-emergence of large-scale migration based on traditional push and pull forces once a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. States should redouble their efforts to reconcile national border security concerns and the basic human rights of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. States and the international community should accelerate their efforts to address climate-related migration. States of origin, transit, and destination should directly address the challenges of international migration and not minimize them.

Influencing Factors of Rural Families’ Migration to Urban Area: The Case of Kabul, Afghanistan

Aims: This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural families’ migration to urban areas in Kabul, Afghanistan.
 Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected in different neighbourhoods of Kabul, Afghanistan during the July-September period of 2019. Data analyses and manuscript preparation were completed in the October-December period of 2019.
 Methodology: First, the most populated neighbourhoods of Kabul, particularly those areas where the majority of families migrated from rural areas were determined. The data of the study were collected from 400 rural-urban migrants in Kabul city. The questionnaires were filled during face to face informal meetings with households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means. The questionnaire included socio-economic characteristics of rural-urban migrants, pushing and pulling factors which affected rural migration, reasons for insecurity in rural areas, and satisfaction and reintegration of migrants in Kabul city.
 Results: The results show that unemployment with 9.53 and fear of terror with 9.15 are the most effective pushing factors for rural families to migrate. However, the most important pulling factors which make Kabul city attractive for rural families are the issues regarding rights (women rights with 8.82, having right to vote with 8.73 and human rights with 8.71).
 Conclusion: In the last five years Afghanistan had huge number immigration internally (1.1 million person) and internationally (1.7 million people) Results of this study suggest that to slower rural-urban migration in Afghanistan, rural development programs should be implemented, and the priority of these programs should be given to the creation of employment opportunities and eliminating gender inequalities in rural areas. Otherwise, either rural-urban migration or dissatisfaction of being in Kabul and preferring not reintegrating back to their villages will make rural-urban migrants seek international migration.

The Usefulness of Reintegration Support: The Dual Perspectives of Returnees and Caseworkers

AbstractMany European countries have developed assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) programmes to support the return and reintegration of migrants who do not have a legal residence permit. There is substantial involvement of social-care professionals in the implementation of these programmes. However, the contested nature of AVRR programmes has limited an in-depth understanding of the exact nature of reintegration support and the ways it affects migrants’ lives after return. Through exploring the usefulness of AVRR support from the perspectives of those receiving it and experienced caseworkers providing it in the context of the Belgian AVRR return programme to Armenia and Georgia, this article contributes to a better understanding of the possibilities and constraints of reintegration support. Based on interviews with seventy-nine returnees during the initial two years after their return, interviews with the caseworkers and observations of day-to-day interactions between both parties, four different understandings of the ‘usefulness’ of reintegration support are delineated: reintegration support (i) as central and necessary financial support; (ii) as insufficient, decontextualised and deceptive support; (iii) as selective support; and lastly (iv) as humane and negotiated support. These understandings then evoke reflections on the implications for those stakeholders developing or implementing AVRR support programmes.

Chapter 9 – Migration, violent extremism and social exclusion

Chapter 9 – Migration, violent extremism and social exclusion

Involuntary Return Migration and Reintegration. The Case of Ghanaian Migrant Workers from Libya

This paper presents findings from a study that investigated the experiences of the returning Ghanaian migrants from Libya during the Arab Spring of 2011. The study used qualitative methods to explore involuntary return and reintegration of migrants in a south–south migration framework. Information from semi-structured interviews of migrants from selected communities in Ghana in addition to data from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) were used. The objective of the study was to find out the major difficulties returnees faced in reintegrating into their societies of origin as a result of their hasty departure and to assert the factors that may influence reintegration. The study finds that the combination factors including of high levels of family dependence on returnees, weak governance and the absence of reintegration policies may foster re-emigration.

Exchange of Experience between the Russian Federation and Southern European Regions in the Field of Migrant Reintegration Policies

This article provides a short oudine of a project initiated in 1994 by the European Commission and aimed at organizing exchanges of experience in the field of socioeconomic reintegration of returnees between the regional authorities of Andalucia (Spain) and East Macedonia-Thrace (Greece), and the federal authorities of Russia. This project is implemented under the European Commission's ECOS/OUVERTURE program, which supports the establishment of cooperation networks between regional and local authorities in the European Union, Central/Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union on a variety of development-oriented topics. The overall objective of this network on migration, entided MIGRA, is to enable the Russian Federation, and to a lesser extent Macedonia-Thrace, to benefit from experience gained by Andalucia in reintegrating its returning migrants. Return migration, as substantial research has demonstrated, can be of intrinsic relevance to regional socioeconomic development. Migrants, who tend to reintegrate into their regions of origin, have a clear potential to revitalize economically disadvantaged and demographically unbalanced regions by trans? ferring new skills and experience, if not by promoting new investment and job-inducing activities. In the case of the MIGRA partner regions, the setting up of an interregional network on the reintegration of migrants is even more appropriate and timely after the breakup of the Soviet Union and the resulting mass migration of Russians and ethnic Greeks.