Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites Research Articles

Evaluation of improved tribo-performance characteristics of MoS2 functionalized MWCNTs hybrid reinforced epoxy composites for severe erosion conditions

Solid particle erosion (SPE) has become a major concern for epoxy composite structures exposed to high erosion conditions. A novel erosion-resistive hybrid nanofiller molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) functionalized MWCNTs have been synthesized by hydrothermal route. Epoxy nanocomposite with MoS2 functionalized MWCNTs showed enhanced SPE resistance and mechanical properties as compared to conventional MWCNTs nanocomposites. Epoxy/MoS2/MWCNTs – 1 nanocomposite showed low erosion rate of 471 mg/Kg and 132 mg/Kg at 15° and 90° impact angles, whereas epoxy/MWCNTs nanocomposite showed high erosion rate of 548 mg/Kg and 300 mg/Kg at 15° and 90° impact angles respectively. Erosion efficiency parameter (η) was used to predict the possible erosion mechanism and was further validated using FE-SEM analysis.

Synthesis and characterization of chicken feather derived rachis fiber-bamboo particulate hybrid reinforced epoxy composites for sustainable structural applications

Purpose This paper aims to reduce waste management and generate wealth by investigating the novelty of combining chicken feather fiber and bamboo particles to produce hybrid biocomposites. This is part of responsible production and sustainability techniques for sustainable development goals. This study aims to broaden animal and plant fiber utilization in the sustainable production of epoxy resins for engineering applications. Design/methodology/approach This research used two reinforcing materials [chicken feather fiber (CFF) and bamboo particles (BP)] to reinforce epoxy resin. The BPs were kept constant at 6 Wt.%, while the CFF was varied within 3–15 Wt.% in the composites to make CFF-BP polymer-reinforced composite (CFF-BP PRC). The mechanical experiment showed a 21% reduction in densities, making the CFF-BP PRC an excellent choice for lightweight applications. Findings It was discovered that fabricated composites with 10 mm CFF length had improved properties compared with the 15 mm CFF length and pristine samples, which confirmed that short fibers are better at enhancing randomly dispersed fibers in the epoxy matrix. However, the ballistic properties of both samples matched. There is a 40% increase in tensile strength and a 54% increase in flexural strength of the CFF-BP PRC compared to the pristine sample. Originality/value According to the literature review, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a novel study of chicken fiber and bamboo particles in reinforcing epoxy composite.

Optimization of mechanical characteristics of jute-basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid composites using the Taguchi process

Optimization of mechanical characteristics of jute-basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid composites using the Taguchi process

Water-soaking effect and influence of nanoclay on mechanical properties of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Water-soaking effect and influence of nanoclay on mechanical properties of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Bio-degradable waste banana and neem fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: characteristics study

Bio-degradable waste banana and neem fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: characteristics study

Influence of heat treatment and water absorption on mechanical properties of cotton-glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: An eco-friendly approach for industrial materials

The effect of the heat treatment and the water absorption of the glass-fiber and recycled cotton fabric-reinforced hybrid composites on the mechanical and physical characteristics were examined in the research. The heat treatment at 80 °C significantly improved G-C-G's tensile as well as flexural strengths by 21% and 28%, respectively. However, due to the improved bonding among the matrix and fiber, G-C-G layer fiber hybrid composites performed better mechanical characteristics than the other alternative composite layers. However, after water absorption, the tensile, and flexural strength of all types of composites diminished from the as-cast samples. In this instance, the flexural and tensile strengths of the G-C-G hybrid composites decreased by 12.87% and 19.11%, respectively, and the bonding between the fiber and matrix degraded was evaluated by SEM images. The maximum amount of water absorption (23.15%) is found for C–C–C composites due to the porosity presented in the cotton fiber. The study evaluated optimal ratios of glass fiber to cotton-reinforced composites, considering both practical and financial aspects. In this case, the G-G-G composites always show better mechanical properties, but the variation among the strength of G-G-G as well as G-C-G is marginal. G-C-G fiber-based hybrid materials are more acceptable because of their affordable cost as well as biodegradable properties than G-G-G composites. Cotton/glass fiber reinforced composites have been proposed as an alternative to appealing elements in the building, automotive, and textile industries.

Optimizing Biomedical Facilities Performance with Dombeya Fiber-Paper Particle Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Since the last two decades, the use of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has garnered significant application considerations over the synthetic fiber reinforced composites due to their numerous advantages and unique properties. Likewise, epoxy resin has attracted the interest of many researchers for composite synthesis, basically because of its chemical stability, thermal and mechanical characteristics. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of dombeya fiber and paper particulate on the physical and mechanical properties of dombeya fiber and paper particulate-reinforced polymer composites for structural applications. Dombeya fiber and paper particles are renewable and biodegradable materials, thereby making them environmentally friendly materials to replace synthetic materials. Hand lay-up technique was utilized to fabricate the hybrid-reinforced biocomposites after which they were subjected to mechanical, wear, density, and moisture absorption properties. The surface morphology of the fractured surface was also analyzed to investigate its microstructural features. It was discovered from the results that hybrid biocomposites demonstrated improved properties over the unreinforced composite, with composites from 9-wt% dombeya fiber-paper particles reinforced biocomposite exhibiting the most suitable properties with commensurate density with the unreinforced epoxy matrix. These obtained characteristics support the material as a suitable material for biomedical apparatus application such as orthopedic implants, surgical instruments, and bone fixation devices.

Experimental Study on Mechanical, Chemical and Acoustical Properties of Waste Tea Leaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Fibre reinforced polymer composites are employed instead of metal and wood because they are stronger, more lightweight, have a favourable strength to weight ratio, and are noncorrosive. In the current research, sisal, carbon fibre, and industrial waste tea leaf fibre (WTLF) reinforced hybrid epoxy composites are being examined for their chemical, mechanical and acoustical properties with experimental study. The sisal and WTLF were chemically treated with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. By modifying the weight percentage of sisal and WTLF with a structure of 40 weight percent fibre and 60 weight percent matrix, five different compositions of natural fibre reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated using an automatic compression moulding technique. As per the ASTM standard the manufactured hybrid composites are tested for mechanical, chemical and acoustic characteristics. According to the experimental findings, sisal fibre with a 25 wt% and WTLF with a 5 wt% demonstrated superior mechanical properties, while these materials also demonstrated an excellent acoustic absorption coefficient (AAC) of 0.62 between the frequency range of 2000 to 6300 Hz. The morphology of failure samples revealed the matrix micro crack, void formation, fiber pullout and layers of fractured fibers which are being examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The superior bonding between fibre and matrix was seen in the FTIR study of 5% alkali treated composites.

Mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid date palm/sea purslane reinforced hybrid epoxy composites for automotive applications

Mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid date palm/sea purslane reinforced hybrid epoxy composites for automotive applications

Experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological analysis of pineapple leaf (Ananas comosus) and sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites

Abstract In many industrial applications, natural-fiber-reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites are emerging as a strong substitute for composites based on synthetic fibers. The goal of this study was to examine the mechanical and tribological characteristics, including tensile, flexural, impact, wear, hardness, and water absorption, of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with pineapple leaf and sisal fibers at various weight fractions. First, 5 % sodium hydroxide was used to treat the pineapple leaf and sisal fibers. With a composition of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt% of pineapple leaf and sisal fibers to the epoxy resin and its hardener mixture, which had a constant weight ratio of 70 %, hybrid composites were fabricated using the compression moulding process. To create a hybrid epoxy composite reinforced with pineapple and sisal fiber, epoxy resin was used as the binder. Different types of testing were performed on the hybrid composites following ASTM standards. The outcomes were contrasted with composites made from mono-pineapple and sisal fiber composites. In comparison to other composite samples, the 15:15 composite sample exhibited the best mechanical and tribological qualities, including the highest tensile strength, impact resistance, flexural strength, hardness, water absorption resistance, and wear resistance. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the fiber/matrix adhesion was investigated. The 15:15 composite sample exhibits primarily mechanical and tribological properties, making the resultant composite material simpler to use in structural and automotive applications.

Fabrication of animal shell and sugarcane bagasse particulate hybrid reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications

This study investigated the effects of using egg and snail shells, along with sugarcane bagasse, on various properties of hybrid reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications. The particulate shells and sugarcane bagasse serve as reinforcements while the matrix consists of epoxy resin and hardener. The composites were produced using the hand lay-up technique, and the mechanical, wear and physical properties of the prepared samples were evaluated. The fractured surfaces of the samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the source of the shell had an impact on the properties of the composites as eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites exhibited improved strengths, while snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites showed improved moduli. Optimal values were obtained for flexural and tensile strengths at 15 and 18 wt%, respectively, while flexural and tensile moduli were optimal at 12 and 15 wt%, respectively. Eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites demonstrated an optimal impact strength value of 21.81 J/m2, while snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particulate reinforced epoxy composites showed optimal results in all other properties mostly at 20 wt%. Conclusively, the use of snail shell-sugarcane bagasse particles was found to be more effective than eggshell-sugarcane bagasse particles for enhancing the properties of epoxy-based composites for structural applications while particulate reinforcement content within the range of 12–20 wt% are responsible for optimum performances.

Hole quality evaluation for abrasive water jet drilling of GF/Al mesh reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

AbstractIn this study, neat glass (NG) fiber and hybrid GF/Al‐wire mesh composites with two different aluminum configurations (AG: with Al in the outer surface, and GA [Glass fiber/Al‐mesh]: with Al in the core) were fabricated using hand‐layup technique and then drilled via an abrasive water jet (AWJ) machine. The impact of the drilling parameters on the hole qualities; delamination , kerf angle (), and circularity error () of the holes were studied. Using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, drilling operations were conducted. The following AWJ drilling parameters were chosen; water pressure (P), stand‐off distance (S), and traverse speed (V) with three levels each. A single‐objective optimization using Taguchi method was performed to minimize the drilling responses for the least outcome. In addition, gray relational analysis (GRA) was used as a multi‐decision technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the impacts of AWJ drilling parameters. The results indicated that for AG specimen, was reduced by 5.3%–10.96% and its by 10.4%–29.65%. GA had the lowest kerf angle. The most effective parameters on delamination for NG, AG, and GA were P, followed by S and V. Validation tests showed small variations between experimental and predicted values.Highlights A new GF/Al Wire Mesh Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites were manufactured. AWJ drilling of the manufactured Composites was conducted. Hole quality was improved by adding Al to the outer layers (AG specimen). AWJ parameters were Controlled and optimized to reduce , , and . Process optimization was performed by single and multi‐objective optimization.

Effect of abrasive grit grade on the abrasion wear behaviour of long banana-jute fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites

The effect of abrasive grit geometry on two-body abrasion wear behavior of long banana and jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites has been investigated. Epoxy (EP), Epoxy/4 wt% Banana fiber (BF)/4 wt%Jute fiber (JF) (EP8), Epoxy/8 wt%BF/8 wt%JF (EP16), Epoxy/12 wt%BF/12 wt% JF (EP24), and Epoxy/16 wt% BF/16 wt%JF (EP32) were the composite materials systems used for the investigation. These composites were processed and fabricated using hand—lay-up technique. The two body abrasion wear test was carried out in accordance with ASTM G99 under the influence of different SiC grit particles (180, 320, 400, and 600 SiC grit). The test was conducted at a room temperature under the abrasion load of 10 N and abrasion speed of 1 m s−1 over a distance of 100 m. The findings of the experiments revealed that wear response of composites depends on pressure, geometry of abrasion particles and their composition. The wear volume loss and specific wear rate decreases with increase in the rank of grit grade. Further, 16 wt% of fibers in composites exhibits the superior abrasion wear resistance. But the higher volume fraction of natural fibers in composites impaired the abrasion wear resistance. Higher rank of grit number was associated with the lesser wear volume loss because of the change in wear mechanism from abrasion to adhesion. In comparison to epoxy based composites, EP16 composite shows superior wear resistance. SEM images were used to examine the worn surfaces.

Polypyrrole coated carbon fiber/ magnetite/ graphene oxide reinforced hybrid epoxy composites for high strength and electromagnetic interference shielding

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are in huge demand in the aviation industry for reducing fuel consumption despite their unfavorable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. The present work aims to improve the mechanical properties and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of polypyrrole (PPy) coated carbon fibers/graphene oxide (GO)/magnetite nanoparticles (MP)/ epoxy hybrid composites. For this purpose, PPy was coated on desized woven carbon fibers (CFs) woven mats via electrophoretic deposition. Graphite oxide and magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized through improved Hummers’ method and modified Massart’s method, respectively. GO was synthesized via ultra-sonication of graphite oxide, with its average thickness determined to be ∼ 1.4 nm as verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Solution mixing method and vacuum centrifugal mixing were utilized to disperse GO in epoxy resin. Porosity-free composites were fabricated using the vacuum bag technique. PPy coating, graphite oxide, GO and MP were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AFM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM images showed the globular morphology of the deposited PPy on CFs. Hybrid composites containing CFPPy-0.2 wt% GO-0.2 wt% MP showed ∼52%, ∼24%, ∼60% and ∼25% increase in tensile strength, Young’s modulus, toughness, and elongation, respectively, compared to neat CF-epoxy composite. All hybrid composites prepared in this work have SE > 30 dB and could be promising lightweight and high-strength materials for EMI shielding applications in the X-band frequency range.

Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and morphology of bamboo-glass fiber-nanoclay reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and morphology of bamboo-glass fiber-nanoclay reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Sisal fiber and groundnut shell particulate reinforced hybrid epoxy composites: A study on mechanical and tribological properties

Sisal fiber and groundnut shell particulate reinforced hybrid epoxy composites: A study on mechanical and tribological properties

Experimental investigation of mechanical and physical properties of coconut shell and eggshell filler-based bio-fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Experimental investigation of mechanical and physical properties of coconut shell and eggshell filler-based bio-fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Mechanical, Morphological, and Fire Behaviors of Sugar Palm/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

This research aims to investigate using sugar palm fiber (SPF) and glass fiber (GF) in an epoxy matrix to develop composite materials with improved mechanical, morphological, and flammability properties. The mechanical and flammability properties are examined per ASTM standards, while the morphological study examines the fractured surfaces of the samples. Using the hand lay-up technique, the hybrid composite comprises 15% SPF, 15% GF, and 70% epoxy resin. Three treatments are applied to the SPF: untreated, alkaline treated, and benzoyl chloride treated, which enables research into the effect of fiber treatment on mechanical properties and flammability. The morphological investigation reveals that both treated SPF/GF/EP composites exhibit lower tensile strength than the untreated SPF/GF/EP composite due to inadequate mechanical interlocking at the fiber-matrix interface. However, the alkaline-treated SPF/GF/EP composite demonstrates a 24.8% improvement in flexural strength, a 1.52% increase in impact strength, and a 9.76% enhancement in flammability. Similarly, the benzoyl chloride-treated SPF/GF/EP composite improves flexural strength, impact strength, and flammability by 24.6%, 0.51%, and 5.66%, respectively. These results highlight the potential of fiber treatment to improve composite materials’ mechanical and flammability properties.

Influence of Khas Khas Grass/Mesquite Bark Fillers on the Mechanical, Hydrophobicity Behavior and Thermal Stability of Banana Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites

Influence of Khas Khas Grass/Mesquite Bark Fillers on the Mechanical, Hydrophobicity Behavior and Thermal Stability of Banana Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites

Influence of stacking sequence and halloysite addition on the fracture toughness and low‐velocity impact strength of carbon/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites

AbstractThe objective of this study is to produce bidirectional woven carbon/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites and to assess their fracture toughness (FT) and low‐velocity impact strength. The composites were produced for the study by changing the stacking order of fiber layers using a vacuum assisted resin infusion process. In addition, the consequence of halloysite nano‐clay addition on the above properties were explored. The outcomes disclosed that the arrangement of fiber layer notably influences the FT and low‐velocity impact strength of the composites. Particularly, the addition of more carbon fiber layers played a key role in enhancing the FT of hybrid composites, while a reverse trend was observed for low‐velocity impact strength of composites due to the elastic nature of glass fibers, which absorbs more energy through global deformation. Additionally, the incorporation of halloysites enhanced the FT and impact strength of hybrid composites due to increased interfacial adhesion between composite elements. In addition, morphological analysis was conducted to evaluate the damage morphologies and failure mechanisms of tested laminates, which offers crucial information for the structural design of these laminates as well as for the enhancement of their performance.Highlights Fracture toughness and impact strength of hybrid composites were investigated. Arranging carbon fibers on the extreme layers enhanced the fracture toughness. Glass fiber used in hybrid composite supports to increase their impact strength. Addition of halloysite improved the overall performance of hybrid composites.