Rehabilitation Beliefs Research Articles

Protection motivation theory screening tool for predicting chronic low back pain rehabilitation adherence: analysis of a randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo explore a protection motivation theory screening tool for predicting rehabilitation adherence.DesignAnalysis of a randomised controlled trial.SettingAn exercise physiology and physiotherapist clinic.ParticipantsPatients with chronic low back pain (n=40).InterventionsGeneral strength and...

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire to the Turkish language

Purpose To perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Back Beliefs Questionnaire to Turkish language and evaluate its reliability and validity. Materials and Methods Back Beliefs Questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted into Turkish regarding to the published guidelines. This observational cross-sectional study was performed with 110 chronic low back pain patients. All participants were asked to complete Back Beliefs Questionnaire and also fill the socio-demographic data form and evaluation tools (Numeric rating scale-pain, Oswestry Disability Index, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alfa coefficient. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess test-retest reliability. Structural validity was assessed by correlations with other tools. Results Back Beliefs Questionnaire had a good internal consistency (Cronbach alfa = 0.79) and an excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84). A moderate correlation was determined between Back Beliefs Questionnaire and Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Correlations with Numeric rating scale-pain, Oswestry Disability Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were fair. Conclusions Turkish version of Back Beliefs Questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used to evaluate beliefs about pain in patients with chronic low back pain. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Negative attitudes and beliefs about low back pain cause patients to avoid engaging in physical activities and consequently lead to disability. The Back Belief Questionnaire can be used to evaluate these negative attitudes and beliefs to determine whether the patient will suffer from a disability in the future. Informations obtained with the Back Belief Questionnaire can be used to train the susceptible patients to prevent the development of disability and to promote patient participation in daily life. The Turkish version of Back Belief Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess back pain beliefs in Turkish-speaking individuals to prevent potential disability and burden to the economy.

Use of Goal Setting to Enhance Self-Efficacy After Sports-Related Injury: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Patients after sports-related injury experience deficits in self-efficacy. Goal setting may be an appropriate psychoeducation technique to enhance self-efficacy after sports-related injury. Clinical Question: Does goal setting-enhanced rehabilitation improve self-efficacy compared with traditional rehabilitation alone in individuals with sports-related injury? Summary of Key Findings: Two randomized controlled trials were included. The two studies selected assessed changes in self-efficacy before and after a goal-setting intervention following sports-related injury in an athletic population. Both studies used the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Beliefs Survey to evaluate self-efficacy. Clinical Bottom Line: There is currently consistent, good-quality, patient-oriented evidence that supports the use of goal setting to improve self-efficacy in patients undergoing rehabilitation for sports-related injury compared with the standard of care group. Future research should examine optimal timing for the implementation of goal setting in order to enhance self-efficacy following sports-related injury. Strength of Recommendation: The grade of A is recommended by the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy for consistent, good-quality, patient-oriented evidence.

Injured Athletes' Rehabilitation Beliefs and Subjective Well-Being: The Contribution of Hope and Social Support

Injuries are a significant problem in the world of sports. Hope and social support are very important features in providing psychological help as people face life challenges such as sport injuries. To examine how hope and social support uniquely and jointly predict postinjury rehabilitation beliefs, rehabilitation behavior, and subjective well-being. Cross-sectional study. Four sports-injury rehabilitation centers of local universities in Taiwan. A total of 224 injured Taiwanese collegiate student-athletes. The Trait Hope Scale, the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Beliefs Survey, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affective and Negative Affective Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were completed by participants after they received their regular rehabilitation treatment. We conducted hierarchical regressions and found that social support and 2 types of hope in injured athletes predicted their rehabilitation beliefs and subjective well-being. However, only hope agency predicted their rehabilitation behavior. Also, hope and social support had an interactive effect on the prediction of subjective well-being; for participants with low hope pathways, the perception of more social support was associated with higher levels of subjective well-being, whereas social support had only a relatively low association with subjective well-being among participants with high hope pathways. Enhancing hope perceptions and strengthening injured athletes' social support during rehabilitation are beneficial to rehabilitation behavior and subjective well-being.

Psycholinguistic Changes in Athletes' Grief Response to Injury After Written Emotional Disclosure

Grief can be a common psychological characteristic of long-term injury, but few athletes are taught how to effectively deal with these intense emotions. To examine the effectiveness of Pennebaker's standard writing paradigm in improving athletes' psychological response to injury after engaging in written disclosure. Repeated-measures design with 6 data-collection time points. Sport-injury clinics. 9 elite long-term-injured athletes. MEASURES AND INTERVENTION: Participants were administered the Psychological Responses to Sport Injury Inventory and the Rehabilitation Beliefs Survey at 3 times preintervention and postintervention. Intervention comprised three 20-min writing sessions. Linguistic analyses were carried out using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count to determine whether changes in word categories would be associated with postintervention changes in grief characteristics and rehabilitation-belief subscales. There were significant differences in athletes' grief characteristics postintervention, with athletes feeling less devastated, dispirited, cheated, and restless by their injury and increasing the reorganization of their thoughts. Corresponding evidence from text analyses further supported these changes, with athletes linguistically demonstrating that they were actively working through their grief-related response using improved cognitive processing (F2,16=5.15, P=.019, Eta2=.39) and the disinhibition of positive and negative affect (F2,16=4.05, P=.038, Eta2=.34). There were no significant changes in athletes' rehabilitation beliefs, which remained high throughout the testing period. Overall, the findings demonstrated that written emotional disclosure was effective in enhancing psychological rehabilitation by contributing to a greater personal understanding of the injury event and attenuating athletes' grief-related response.

Deciding to attend cardiac rehabilitation: A female perspective

Aims: Despite the documented benefits, women have been found to have both lower rates of cardiac rehabilitation attendance and completion than men. This article explores womens decisions to attend cardiac rehabilitation. The aim was to provide an analysis of how women think about their illness and cardiac rehabilitation, and examine how this relates to their decisions about whether or not to attend a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional design was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women who had decided to attend cardiac rehabilitation, and three women who had declined cardiac rehabilitation. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on the transcripts. Findings: The declining group believed their understanding to be complete, from having experienced a previous cardiac event, whereas the attending group were in the preliminary stages of making sense of their condition. The attending group valued the support offered from others and cardiac rehabilitation, whereas the declining group described an independent attitude and did not perceive a need for cardiac rehabilitation. The experience of negative emotions was evident in both the attending and declining groups. However, the attending participants had greater perceptions of control over the condition compared to the declining group. Conclusions: Based on this preliminary research, recognizing the need for control, identifying and receiving social support, and valuing the role of cardiac rehabilitation are factors influencing whether women decide to attend cardiac rehabilitation. Illness and cardiac rehabilitation beliefs should be targeted at the time of in-patient assessment.

Use of Protection Motivation Theory, Affect, and Barriers to Understand and Predict Adherence to Outpatient Rehabilitation

Protection motivation theory (PMT) has been used in more than 20 different health-related fields to study intentions and behavior, albeit primarily outside the area of injury rehabilitation. In order to examine and predict patient adherence behavior, this study was carried out to explore the use of PMT as a screening tool in a general sample of people with orthopedic conditions. New patients who were more than 18 years old and who were prescribed 4 to 8 weeks of physical therapy treatment (n=229) were administered a screening tool (Sports Injury Rehabilitation Beliefs Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and a barriers checklist) prior to treatment. Participants' adherence was assessed with several attendance measures and an in-clinic assessment of behavior. Statistical analyses included correlation, chi-square, multiple regression, and discriminant function analyses. A variety of relationships among affect, barriers, and PMT components were evident. In-clinic behavior and attendance were influenced by affect, whereas dropout status was predicted by affect, severity, self-efficacy, and age. The screening tool used in this study may assist in identifying patients who are at risk for poor adherence and provide valuable information to enhance provider-patient relationships and foster patient adherence. However, it is recommended that more research be conducted to further understand the impact of variables on patient adherence and that the screening tool be enhanced to increase its predictive ability.

Effectiveness of a Low-Cost Curriculum Among Entry-Level Psychiatric Rehabilitation Workers

Effectiveness of a Low-Cost Curriculum Among Entry-Level Psychiatric Rehabilitation Workers

Summary from the Academy???s Seventh State-of-the-Science Conference on Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses for Ambulation

article summarizes the results from deliberations by an international multidisciplinary group of experts convened by the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists to review the State-of-the-Science regarding use of custom-made knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) to assist in ambulation. Based on a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature from the past decade, only four articles on this topic were identified as controlled trials, with only three investigating the use of KAFOs by clinical populations. The participants concluded that there is currently no substantive evidence at the highest level of scientific certainty regarding the use of KAFOs and hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses (HKAFOs) for ambulation, but there are a number of core assumptions supported by expert opinion and peer-reviewed publications that can be considered clinical hypotheses about these orthoses. These rehabilitation beliefs can and should be tested in future research applications. Six primary research priorities and associated implications were identified. The panelists concluded that scientific research into these questions would significantly advance our understanding about the optimal application of KAFOs and HKAFOs to assist in ambulation. This State-of-the-Science Conference was convened to examine the body of peer-reviewed evidence related to the use of knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) to assist in ambulation. The goal was to establish what is known, what is believed to be true, and what needs to be known to optimize the application of these orthoses. Evidence reviewed was based on both unilateral and bilateral KAFOs, including those incorporated into more extensive lower limb orthoses such as hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses (HKAFOs) and the various reciprocating gait orthoses (RGOs). Prefabricated items intended to be worn for less than one year were excluded from this review, as were orthoses not used primarily to enhance ambulation, such as fracture braces and postoperative immobilization devices.

The Influence of Injured Athletes’ Perceptions of Social Support from ATCs on Their Beliefs about Rehabilitation

Objective:To determine whether athletes’ perceptions of social support from their certified athletic trainers (ATCs) were related to their beliefs about the rehabilitation process.Design:Division I athletes (N = 57) completed a survey including measures of social support and beliefs about rehabilitation.Participants:Division I college athletes (35 men, 22 women) who had sustained an injury that caused them to miss no less than 5 consecutive days.Measurements:The Social Support Survey (SSS) and the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Beliefs Survey (SIRBS).Results:Results revealed significant correlations between the SSS and the SIRBS scales only for athletes who had sustained severe injuries. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that the SSS scales were significant predictors of each of the SIRBS scales.Conclusions:Results suggest that when severely injured athletes perceive that their ATCs provide strong social support, they are more likely to believe in their rehabilitation programs.

Developing Attitudes: The Role of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Education

ABSTRACT This article examines the development of Psychiatric Rehabilitation (PsyR) beliefs, goals, and practices among students from different academic programs within the same university. Undergraduate and graduate students were studied. Students educated and working at psychiatric hospitals were compared to those on college campuses and in the community. The relationship of these attitudes to both affective and career commitment was examined. A cross-sectional design examining student attitudes at different intervals in their academic career was employed. Among undergraduate students, the number of PsyR credits earned was positively correlated with the development of the PsyR attitudes (r = .51). This was true for both hospital and community based students. The largest growth in PsyR beliefs and practices was apparent after completion of clinical field placements. PsyR attitudes were also positively correlated with affective or emotional commitment to the field. A similar relationship between PsyR atti...

A national sample of IAPSRS members' responses to the psychiatric rehabilitation beliefs, goals, and practices scale.

This study reports on the convergent-discriminant validity of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Beliefs, Goals, and Practices Scale (PRBGP) which purports to measure practitioners' knowledge of the current consensus in psychiatric rehabilitation. The sample comprised 478 IAPSRS members who represented practitioners from 39 states. The study found that the PRBGP variance among this sample was primarily associated with the number of 15 leading contributors to the psychiatric rehabilitation literature that these practitioners claimed to have read when education, discipline, role, experience, and agency area were controlled. Experience in the behavioral health field and the administrator role were also significantly related to the PRBGP, but these relationships may have also been a function of informational factors associated with IAPSRS membership. For a combined sample (n = 757), it was also found that the PRBGP is primarily related to the number of leading authors that these practitioners read. The PRGBP appears to measure knowledge of the current consensus on beliefs, goals, and practices in psychiatric rehabilitation, and is not a measure of these other responder characteristics.

The latent variable model of the psychiatric rehabilitation beliefs, goals, and practices scale.

This article determined the latent variable model for the items of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Beliefs, Goals, and Practices Scale (PRBGP). Five, four, and three factor models were evaluated for best "fit" based upon the responses of 478 IAPSRS members from 39 states. The three factor model achieved an acceptable and the simplest "fit. " The article interprets the three factors or latent variables of the model which were entitled: Consumer-Driven Paradigm, Deficit-Focused, Staff-Directed Paradigm, and Empirical-Based/Consensus-Guideline Practices. The PRBGP's three factor model describes the paradigms and practices that define psychiatric rehabilitation as a sub-specialty in the mental health field.

The Psychiatric Rehabilitation Beliefs, Goals, and Practices Scale: sensitivity to change.

This study evaluated the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Beliefs, Goals, and Practices Scale's (PRBGP) sensitivity to change. A training curriculum in the current principles and practices of Psychiatric Rehabilitation was given to 301 practitioners in Pennsylvania. Participants completed the PRBGP Scale prior to and immediately following the two-day, twelve-hour training workshop. The training curriculum was expected to convey a substantial amount of information to these participants. The comparison between the pre-training and post-training PRBGP Scale scores of the participants found a significant and substantial difference. The PRBGP Scale reflected the expected changes in the participants' information levels. This study concluded that the PRBGP Scale was sensitive to change, and it provided a reliable and valid means of assessing the effectiveness of educational curricula in psychiatric rehabilitation.

Measuring practitioners' beliefs, goals, and practices in psychiatric rehabilitation.

This article reports on a scale to measure the psychiatric rehabilitation beliefs, goals, and practices of staff who provide services to consumers. The scale's reliability, validity, and factor structure are presented based upon 469 staff members and 191 people in rehabilitation. The scale appears to be a stable measure of staff members' knowledge of modern psychiatric rehabilitation beliefs, goals, and practices as elaborated by the field's leadership. It also appears to provide a valid measure of staff members' actual practice patterns as they relate to the consumer outcomes of empowerment, quality of life, independent living, and competitive employment. Consumers, program administrators, educators, researchers, and practitioners may find the scale useful as a measure of some of the beliefs, goals, and practices that currently define modern psychiatric rehabilitation.

Psychiatric rehabilitation degree- gran ting programs and practitioners' knowledge and practice patterns

Abstract This article reports on a study that investigated the relationship between practitioners' level of knowledge of psychiatric rehabilitation and certain professional characteristics of 279 practitioners from New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Having received a degree from a university psychiatric rehabilitation specialty department had a significant and substantial relationship with the study's knowledge variables, and was superior to other factors in predicting knowledge level of psychiatric rehabilitation goals, beliefs, and practices. However, relatively few (16%) of these practitioners had benefitted from this type of training so that the majority of these practitioners did not possess the basic knowledge of modern principles and practices. It was concluded that a serious information and technology transfer gap exists between the psychiatric rehabilitation knowledge base and practices in the field. Recommendations were suggested based upon the study's findings.

Threat and coping appraisal as determinants of compliance with sports injury rehabilitation: an application of Protection Motivation Theory.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of threat appraisal (perceived susceptibility to re-injury or retarded rehabilitation and perceived severity of injury) and coping appraisal (self-efficacy, treatment efficacy and outcome value), in the framework of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), on compliance to a sports physiotherapist's prescribed modalities and rest. During extensive developmental work, a Sports Injury Rehabilitation Beliefs Survey was constructed with 19 items to assess the PMT components. Five compliance measures were developed from physiotherapist and patient surveys. Data from 62 subjects (68% female, mean +/- S.D. age 21.7 +/- 2.85 years, and involved in many recreational and competitive activities) were obtained from a single university-based sports injury clinic, in a prospective study. The study revealed that over half the subjects were subsequently non-compliant to some degree. Greater perceptions of both susceptibility to retarded rehabilitation and injury severity, at the first appointment, were related to subsequent non-compliant behaviour. Greater self-efficacy in the ability to perform prescribed rehabilitation modalities, stronger beliefs in the treatment efficacy, and higher value attached to rehabilitation, were all related to compliant behaviour. Compliance to restricted activity (or rest) was only related to greater perceptions of susceptibility. The findings provide some support for PMT in this context and offer a basis for designing sports therapist interventions which focus on threat and coping appraisal.