Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Research Articles

“More stress, more addiction?” The relationship between stress and relapse of male individuals with drug addiction: A chain mediation model

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of relapse tendency in male drug abusers and provide empirical evidence for reducing relapse tendency of drug abusers. A survey was conducted on 310 male individuals with drug addiction using Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Relapse Tendency Scale (RTS). (1) Stress is significantly positively correlated with the relapse tendency of individuals with drug addiction; (2) Stress indirectly affects relapse tendency through regulatory emotional self-efficacy; (3) Regulatory emotional self-efficacy can directly and negatively predict relapse tendency, and can also indirectly and negatively predict relapse tendency through coping style. Stress coping theory, tension elimination theory, and the self-administration hypothesis are applicable to explain the tendency to relapse due to stress among compulsory isolated drug abusers in China; Regulatory emotional self-efficacy and coping style play a chain mediating role between stress and relapse tendency of male individuals with drug addiction.

How Is Rejection Sensitivity Linked to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury? Exploring Social Anxiety and Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy as Explanatory Processes in a Longitudinal Study of Chinese Adolescents.

Early adolescents are at high risk for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI). Based on the Rejection Sensitivity Model, the Experiential Avoidance Model, and the Affect Regulation Model of Self-Injury, this study aimed to explain how rejection sensitivity was related to NSSI among adolescents by unraveling the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) in this relationship. A three-wave longitudinal investigation with a three-month interval was conducted among 726 adolescents (Mage = 13.47, SD = 0.95; 46.0% girls) from a middle school in North China. The Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) were utilized to estimate the associations among the study variables. The results indicated that the incidence rates of NSSI in the three measurements among adolescents were 33.3%, 30.3%, and 24.1%, respectively. Adolescents' rejection sensitivity and NSSI showed a declining trend over time. Furthermore, rejection sensitivity predicted NSSI through the longitudinal mediating effect of social anxiety. RESE played a protective role in adolescents' NSSI, but its moderating effect was not significant. The findings increase our understanding of the association between rejection sensitivity and NSSI in adolescents, and they benefit educators in conducting targeted interventions through improving adolescents' rejection sensitivity and social anxiety to reduce the risk of NSSI.

The association between physical activity and positive affect in adolescents: the chain mediating role of psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy

ABSTRACT Previous studies have indicated the positive impact of physical activity on positive affect in adolescents. However, the psychological mechanism is still under-explored. The current study aims to investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy on the relationship between physical activity and positive affect. This cross-sectional study recruited 580 adolescents (280 females, 12 to 16 years old). All participants completed the measures of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Results showed that the association between physical activity and positive affect was significant in adolescents. Psychological resilience played a mediating role between physical activity and positive affect. The chain mediation effect of psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy on the relationship between physical activity and positive affect was significant. These results indicated that physical activity could positively impact adolescents’ positive affect through psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Our findings highlighted the importance of physical activity on positive affect on adolescents, which would benefit the mental health of this population.

Cultivating emotional resilience in adolescent girls: Effects of a growth emotion mindset lesson.

To address the widespread mental health crisis facing adolescent girls, this study examined whether a growth emotion mindset lesson can enhance emotional competence. During 2018-2022, adolescent girls (Mage = 15.68 years; 66.3% White) were randomized to a growth mindset (E-MIND; N = 81) or brain education (control; N = 82) lesson, completed the Trier Social Stressor Test, and reported on various aspects of emotional competence. Compared with the control group, the E-MIND group reported more adaptive emotion mindsets, higher emotion regulation self-efficacy, and more proactive invivo and daily efforts to regulate emotions (effect sizes = small-to-medium to medium), with several differences remaining 4-month later. Findings provide novel insight into one promising approach for cultivating emotional resilience among adolescent girls.

Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy as a Mechanism of Alliance and Outcomes in a Brief, Transdiagnostic Digital Mental Health Intervention: L'auto-efficacité de la régulation des émotions en tant que mécanisme d'alliance et de résultats dans une brève intervention transdiagnostique numérique en santé mentale.

Digital mental health interventions have shown promise for alleviating various forms of psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. However, the mechanisms of such interventions remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential mechanistic process through which one hybrid digital mental health intervention (i.e., the Digital Clinic) might operate. We hypothesized that emotion regulation (ER) self-efficacy at the treatment midpoint may mediate the relationship between alliance (i.e., therapeutic alliance and digital alliance) and outcome (i.e., co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety) at the treatment endpoint. Data used in this study came from the Digital Clinic, a brief transdiagnostic telehealth treatment program augmented by a dual-purpose digital phenotyping and intervention smartphone app. Recruited primarily from primary care, participants were 82 adults (73% White, 64% cisgender women, mean age 41) receiving outpatient treatment in the northeastern United States. All constructs were measured with validated scales, including The Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR) for therapeutic alliance, the Digital Working Alliance Inventory (DWAI) for digital alliance, the PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Emotions Short Form scale for ER self-efficacy, and the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) for co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety. Significant reductions in co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety and significant increases in ER self-efficacy were found from baseline to treatment endpoint. Therapeutic and digital alliance at the midpoint each predicted reductions in co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety at the endpoint through ER self-efficacy, controlling for baseline scores. Findings suggest that ER self-efficacy may be a proximal predictor of clinical improvement that may be enhanced by therapeutic and digital alliance. Future controlled research is essential to improve knowledge of the mechanisms of digital mental health interventions and to enhance their effectiveness.

Relationship between physical exercise, bullying, and being bullied among junior high school students: the multiple mediating effects of emotional management and interpersonal relationship distress

ObjectiveThis paper investigates the relationships between physical activity (PA), school bullying, emotion regulation self-efficacy (ERS), and interpersonal relationship distress (IRD) among junior high school students. It also examines the underlying mechanisms of school bullying to provide insights into reducing adolescent bullying and to lay the groundwork for preventing and controlling aggressive behaviors.MethodsA survey was conducted on 484 students (240 males, 12.18 ± 0.8 years) from 4 secondary schools using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS), Emotional Management Self-Efficacy Scale (EMSS), Interpersonal Relationship Distress Scale (IRDS), and Campus Bullying Scale (CBS) to examine the effects among the variables. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample, and data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical software. The analysis included Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap methods.Results(1) PA negatively predicts IRD, which in turn has an indirect effect on bullying (PA → IRD → Bullying), ES = -0.063. Additionally, EM and IRD act as mediators between PA and school bullying (PA → EM → IRD → Bullying), ES = 0.025. (2) PA negatively predicts IRD, which has an indirect effect on being bullied (PA → IRD → Being bullied), ES = -0.044. EM and IRD serve as chain mediators between PA and being bullied (PA → EM → IRD → Being bullied), ES = -0.071.ConclusionPA can positively predict bullying, but it can be mitigated through EM to reduce IRD, thereby decreasing the occurrence of campus bullying and being bullied.

Suicide Risk among Chinese Left-Behind Adolescents: Developmental Trajectories and Multi-Contextual Predictors.

Suicide is prevalent among left-behind youth, a group that has yet to be thoroughly explored in terms of the developmental dynamics of their suicide risk and associated factors. This study adopted a person-centered approach to investigate the developmental trajectories of suicide risk among Chinese left-behind adolescents, along with multi-dimensional predictors. A total of 774 left-behind adolescents (Mage = 13.60, 50.1% female) completed three surveys over a year, with six-month intervals. Result of Latent Class Growth Modeling identified three subgroups with distinct developmental trajectories: High Risk-Escalating (7.6% of participants started at the highest levels with a worsening trend), Risk-Holding (21.6% maintained a stable but risk level starting above the critical threshold), and Low Risk-Diminishing (70.8% started low and continued to decrease). Gender (being a female), increased levels of childhood maltreatment, psychological pain, and depression were risk factors for High Risk-Escalating and/or Risk-Holding trajectories, while increased sense of control and regulatory emotional self-efficacy played protective roles. The findings underscore the malignant developmental patterns of suicide risk among left-behind adolescents. The predictive factors play a crucial role in distinguishing and improving these developmental trajectories.

Flexible Regulation of Positive and Negative Emotion Expression: Reexamining the Factor Structure of the Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression Scale (FREE) Based on Emotion Valence.

The Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression (FREE) Scale assesses individuals' ability to enhance and suppress their emotional expressions across different situations. This study investigates the optimal factor structure of the FREE and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between the regulation abilities for positive and negative expressions. A sample of 607 undergraduates (Mage = 19.02, SD = 1.02, 72.2% female) from Mainland China completed the questionnaire survey. Confirmatory factor analyses tested eight competing models of the FREE structure. Results indicated that the second-order model, featuring two higher-order factors (expressive enhancement and suppression abilities), fit the data well. An alternative second-order model, with two different higher-order factors (positive and negative emotion expressive abilities) and the same four first-order factors, demonstrated an even better fit. Various types of expressive ability scores showed predictive validity regarding emotion regulation self-efficacy, mental health outcomes, and relationship stress. Regulation of emotional expression can be represented by either regulation type or emotion valence, with the latter providing more informative insights. Flexible regulation of positive and negative emotion expression predicted fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and relationship stress beyond emotion regulation self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of considering emotional valence in understanding flexibility in expression regulation.

Suicide progression and influencing factors in Chinese adolescents: A latent transition analysis

The developmental progression before suicide death is multi-directional and reversible, with differing influencing factors at each stage. However, previous research on this topic is very limited. This study aims to delve into the transitional features of adolescent suicide progression and associated factors. A longitudinal survey of 1,407 adolescents (Mage = 14.64, SD = 0.73) was conducted over six months. Latent transition analysis and logistic regression were employed to explore the transitions in the suicide process and examine the effects of psychache, childhood maltreatment, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and demographic factors on the transition patterns. Adolescents could be categorized into three subgroups at two time points: Non-Ideators (T1: 83.7 %, T2: 86.7 %), Ideators (T1: 12.0 %, T2: 9.1 %), and Attempters (T1: 4.3 %, T2: 4.2 %). Non-Ideators demonstrated the highest stability, while Ideators and Attempters were more likely to transition to other groups. Psychache positively predicted the emergence of suicide ideation and its transition to suicide attempt, and negatively predicted the diminishment of suicide ideation. Childhood maltreatment positively predicted the transition from suicide ideation to attempt. Regulatory emotional self-efficacy negatively predicted the emergence of suicide ideation. Findings enhance the understanding of the transitional patterns of adolescent suicidality and influencing factors at different stages. More targeted prevention and intervention programs for adolescents’ suicidal thoughts and behaviors can be developed accordingly.

Regulatory emotional self-efficacy and self-compassion mediate anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well-being in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study.

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and self-compassion in the relationship among anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well-being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A cross-sectional study. The study recruited 510 women with polycystic ovary syndrome from a tertiary hospital affiliated with a university in Hunan Province, China. The study employed several tools to collect data, including the Generalized Anxiety Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Body Image States Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale and the Index of Well-being questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis, spearman correlation analysis, ordinary least squares regression and bootstrapping. The study's findings indicate that regulatory emotional self-efficacy and self-compassion both act as mediators in the connection between anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well-being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The study emphasizes the significance of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and self-compassion in promoting well-being among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. It also implies that interventions targeted at enhancing these factors could potentially enhance the subjective well-being of women affected by PCOS. Our study's primary contribution is to underscore the crucial mediating roles of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and self-compassion in the relationship among anxiety, depression, body image distress and subjective well-being. Our study indicates that clinical practitioners should prioritize improving the regulatory emotional self-efficacy and self-compassion of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, reducing their anxiety, depression and body image distress and improving their subjective well-being. This study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). No patient or public contribution outside of participation in the actual study for purposes of data collection.

The Effect of Negative Physical Self on Social Anxiety in College Students: The Bidirectional Chain Mediation Roles of Fear of Negative Evaluation and Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy.

The detrimental effects of social anxiety on college students require urgent mitigation. To explore the influencing factors and underlying mechanisms of social anxiety among college students, this study aims to examine the relationship between negative physical self and social anxiety, and the mediating effects of fear of negative evaluation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy. The Negative Physical Self Scale, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and Interaction Anxiousness Scale were administered to 924 Chinese college students. SPSS 26.0 was used for analysis, and the Bootstrap method was used to test the significance level of the mediating effect. Negative physical self was significantly and positively related to social anxiety in college students. Fear of negative evaluation and regulatory negative emotional self-efficacy played independent mediating roles between negative physical self and social anxiety. Fear of negative evaluation and regulatory negative emotional self-efficacy showed a bidirectional chain mediating effect between negative physical self and social anxiety. This study elucidates the mechanistic pathways between negative physical self and social anxiety. The relationship between negative physical self and social anxiety is influenced by the mediating effects of fear of negative evaluation, regulatory negative emotional self-efficacy, and the bidirectional chain mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation and regulatory negative emotional self-efficacy. This finding provides a reference for policy makers and educators to develop interventions for social anxiety in college students.

Invalidating environment and meaning in life: The Chain Mediating Effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and basic psychological needs satisfaction

BackgroundAlthough people strive for meaning in life, life is full of experiences that challenge meaning. According to Bowen's family systems theory, the family is both a relational and an emotional system in which family members influence and are influenced by each other. Invalidating environment, reflecting a deficient family emotional setting, may be a key influencing factor in diminishing meaning in life. Existing studies have not directly explored the effects of the invalidating environment on meaning in life and its underlying mechanism. ObjectiveGuided by Bowen's family systems theory, this study aims to explore the relationship between invalidating environment and meaning in life, as well as the mediating effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. MethodsA sample of 555 university students (62.5 % female, 37.5 % male; Mage =19.13 years old, SD = 1.72) completed questionnaires regarding demographics, invalidating environment, meaning in life, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and basic psychological needs satisfaction. ResultsResults revealed that: (a) invalidating environment negatively predicts meaning in life; (b) regulatory emotional self-efficacy and basic psychological needs satisfaction serve as both independent and chain mediators between invalidating environment and meaning in life. ConclusionInvalidating environment affects meaning in life through regulatory emotional self-efficacy and basic psychological needs satisfaction. This finding has significant theoretical implications and provides a feasible pathway to improve children's meaning in life at both the parent and child levels.

Risk factors and prediction models for cardiovascular complications of hypertension in older adults with machine learning: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundHypertension has emerged as a chronic disease prevalent worldwide that may cause severe cardiovascular complications, particularly in older patients. However, there is a paucity of studies that use risk factors and prediction models for cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension in older adults. ObjectivesTo identify the risk factors and develop prediction models for cardiovascular complications among older patients with hypertension. MethodsA convenience sample of 476 older patients with hypertension was recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in China. Demographic data, clinical physiological indicators, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, medication adherence, and lifestyle information were collected from participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to screen for preliminary risk factors associated with cardiovascular complications. Two machine learning methods, Back-Propagation neural network, and random forest were applied to develop prediction models for cardiovascular complications among the study cohort. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve (AUC) values were used to assess the performance of the prediction models. ResultsBinary logistic regression identified nine risk factors for cardiovascular complications among older patients with hypertension. The machine learning models displayed excellent performance in predicting cardiovascular complications, with the random forest model (AUC 0.954) outperforming the Back-Propagation neural network model (AUC 0.811), as confirmed by model comparison analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the Back-Propagation neural network model compared to the random forest model were 74.2% vs. 86.5%, 75.2% vs. 94.3%, and 74.7% vs. 90.4%, respectively. ConclusionThe machine learning methods employed in this study demonstrated feasibility in predicting cardiovascular complications among older patients with hypertension, with the random forest model based on nine risk factors exhibiting excellent prediction performance. These models could be used to identify high-risk populations and suggest early interventions aimed at preventing cardiovascular complications in such cohorts.

Association between Mental Health Literacy and Workplace Well-Being of Chinese Grassroots Civil Servants: The Chain Mediating Effects of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Resilience

Association between Mental Health Literacy and Workplace Well-Being of Chinese Grassroots Civil Servants: The Chain Mediating Effects of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Resilience

Effects of smartphone-based music intervention on improving emotional and psychosomatic symptoms of patients with hematological malignancy: A study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial

Objectives Smartphone-based music intervention (S-MI) may increase the accessibility and feasibility for benefiting patients. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of S-MI in alleviating emotional and psychosomatic symptoms in patients with hematological malignancies, compared to the smartphone delivered Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training (S-MBSR). Methods This study will be a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial design. A total of 120 eligible participants with hematological malignancies will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group (S-MI) ( n = 60) or the comparison group (S-MBSR) ( n = 60). Participants will use the Mind Habit app to participate in daily sessions of S-MI or S-MBSR, lasting 5–10 min each, for 2 weeks. The primary outcome, anxiety, and the secondary outcomes, depression, sleep quality, psychological perceived harmony, emotional regulation self-efficacy, as well as the exploratory outcome performance status, will be assessed four times (i.e., pre-test, mid-test, post-test, and follow-up) using validated instruments: the General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Inventory, Balanced Index of Psychological Mindedness, Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale and Zubrod/ECOG/WHO. In addition, participants will provide daily self-reports on their mood and psychosomatic symptoms both before and after each day's intervention. Physiological parameters will be collected at pre- and post-test. Compliance will be measured at pre-test and follow-up. Intent-to-Treat and Per Protocol Set analysis will be used for data analysis. Results The primary outcome will focus on evaluating the change of anxiety. Secondary outcomes will examine the changes in depression, sleep quality, psychological perceived harmony, and emotional regulation self-efficacy. The exploratory outcomes will encompass assessments of performance status, self-reported evaluations, physiological parameters, and compliance. Conclusion This study aims to provide empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of S-MI in mitigating emotional and psychosomatic symptoms in patients with hematological malignancies. Trial Registration The trial was registered and identified as ChiCTR2200065896.

Examining the association between peer support and English enjoyment in Chinese university students: the mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy.

As positive psychology is imported into second language acquisition, we witness the increasing interest in the research of English enjoyment. Therefore, investigating the antecedents of English enjoyment is of paramount importance. Although internal and external factors have been scrutinized by researchers, scarce studies have explored the effect of peer support and regulatory emotional self-efficacy on English enjoyment. Thus, this study was designed to further clarify the association between these two constructs and English enjoyment. A questionnaire involving the three variables of peer support, English enjoyment, and regulatory emotional self-efficacy was administered to 324 non-English major undergraduate students at a comprehensive university in Eastern China. Correlation analysis and mediation effect tests indicated that peer support and regulatory emotional self-efficacy positively predicted English enjoyment, and regulatory emotional self-efficacy played a mediating role between peer support and English enjoyment. This study highlights the significance of peer support and positive emotions in second language learning and extends our understanding of enhancing students' learning enjoyment through teachers' positive intervention to facilitate peer support and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.

Positive Childhood Experiences and Depression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model.

In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, mental health concerns have become more prevalent worldwide. However, there is a lack of research specifically addressing the mental well-being of college art students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among college music students and explore the factors that predict and alleviate these symptoms amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted among college music students (n = 407) from two universities at May 2022 in China. Self-report scales were used to measure levels of depression (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale), positive childhood experiences (Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale), social support (Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and regulatory emotional self-efficacy (Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale). Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the hypothesized effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social support in the relationship between positive childhood experiences and depression. Results showed that, the prevalence of depression symptoms of the current study sample was 64.13%, positive childhood experiences had a significant and negative predictive effect on the depression of college music students, and the relation was partially mediated by regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Furthermore, social support moderated the relationship between positive childhood experiences and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, the relation was significant only for students with higher levels of social support, social support may enhance and amplify the positive impacts of positive childhood experiences on regulatory emotional self-efficacy. The findings reveal a significant prevalence of depression among college music students during the COVID-19 epidemic, underscoring the seriousness of the issue. Moreover, this study contributes to a deeper comprehension of how positive childhood experiences alleviate depression among college music students. These insights hold potential for informing mental health education initiatives tailored to college art students in the post-pandemic era, offering valuable guidance for promoting their well-being and resilience.

Childhood Abuse and Depression in Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Subjective Social Status

Childhood Abuse and Depression in Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Subjective Social Status

Co-development of internalizing symptoms and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in adolescence: Time-varying effects of COVID-19-related stress and social support

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted opportunities for adolescents to progress through a typical developmental trajectory of adjustment and self-regulation. Adolescents across many contexts have shown an increase in adjustment difficulties during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. Utilizing data collected from 830 Italian adolescents from one time-point just prior to when pandemic restrictions were enacted, and then at two additional time-points 12 and 24 months later, we examined trajectories of internalizing symptoms, regulatory self-efficacy for managing negative emotions, and the time-varying impact of COVID-related stress and social support. Latent Growth Curve Analyses (LGCAs) revealed that COVID stress predicted increased internalizing symptoms and decreased regulatory self-efficacy beyond what was estimated by the developmental trajectory. Further, at Time 3, the impact of perceived COVID stress on internalizing symptoms and regulatory self-efficacy was stronger than at Time 2. Co-development results were similar for males and females. There was no time-varying impact of social support on the co-development of internalizing symptoms and regulatory self-efficacy. The findings are important for informing interventions to strengthen coping strategies for adolescents during stressful community-wide events.

Profiles, Transitions, and Resilience Factors of Suicide Risk in Early Chinese Adolescents.

As a severe public health concern directly endangering life safety, adolescent suicide has been extensively investigated in variable-centered studies. However, gaps remain in the knowledge of heterogeneous suicide risk patterns and their developmental nature. Additionally, little is known about protective factors associated with suicide risk patterns and changes. This study applied person-centered approaches to explore suicide risk profiles and transitions over time in early Chinese adolescents, along with their protective factors. A total of 1518 junior high school students (49.6% girls, Mage = 13.57, SD = 0.75) participated in two surveys within a 12-month interval. Latent Profile Analysis and Latent Transition Analysis were used to model the profiles and transitions of suicide risk. Three risk profiles were identified at both time points: low risk profile (73.9, 78.3%), medium risk-high threat profile (16.2, 10.2%), and high risk profile (9.9, 10.2%). Low risk profile was stable, while medium risk-high threat and high risk profiles showed great transitions over 12 months. Sense of control, meaning in life, and regulatory emotional self-efficacy served as protective factors against suicide risk profiles and transitions. Findings underscore the importance of comprehensively illustrating suicide risk states from multiple aspects, as well as understanding the fluid nature of transitions between different risk states. Prevention and intervention strategies aimed at enhancing resilience, such as increasing sense of control, perceived meaningfulness, and belief in emotional regulation, may contribute to reducing the risk of suicide among adolescents.