Regulatory Area Research Articles

ARHGAP29 promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration in vitro and is dispensable for in vivo wound healing.

RhoA GTPases play critical roles in actin cytoskeletal remodeling required for controlling a diverse range of cellular functions including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and changes in cell shape, all required for cutaneous wound healing. RhoA cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound form, a process regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). ARHGAP29 is a GAP expressed in skin keratinocytes and is decreased in the absence of interferon regulator factor 6, a critical regulator of cell proliferation, migration, and wound healing. However, the role for ARHGAP29 in keratinocyte biology is unknown. We generated ARHGAP29 knockdown keratinocyte cell lines and show they displayed increased filamentous actin, phospho-myosin regulatory light chain, cell area and population doubling time. Furthermore, we found that ARHGAP29 knockdown keratinocytes displayed significant delays in scratch wound closure in both single and collective cell migration conditions; these delays were rescued by both adding back ARHGAP29 or adding a ROCK inhibitor to ARHGAP29 knockdown cells. In vivo, however, Arhgap29 heterozygotes or keratinocyte-specific knockouts showed on-time wound healing. These data demonstrate that ARHGAP29 is required for keratinocyte morphology, proliferation and migration in vitro but is dispensable during wound healing in vivo.

Characterization and functional evaluation of goat PDX1 regulatory modules through comparative analysis of conserved interspecies homologs.

PDX1 is a crucial transcription factor in pancreas development and mature β-cell function. However, the regulation of PDX1 expression in larger animals mirroring human pancreas morphogenesis and endocrine maturation remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis to characterize regulatory regions of goat PDX1 gene and assessed their transcriptional activity by transient transfection of several transgenic EGFP constructs in β- and non-β cell lines. We recognized several highly conserved regions encompassing the promoter and cis-regulatory elements (Area I-IV) at 5' flanking sequence of the genes. Within the promoter, we identified that a key E-box and nearby CAAT element synergistically drive transcription, constituting the basal promoter of goat PDX1 gene. Furthermore, each recognized regulatory area separately enhances this basal promoter activity in β-cells compared to non-β cells; however, cooperatively, they exhibit a bifunctional regulatory effect on transcription. Additionally, the intact ~ 3kb upstream region (Area I-III) functions as the most efficient reporter transgene in vitro and shows islet-specific expression in native rat pancreas. Together, our findings suggest that the regulation of goat PDX1 gene is governed by conserved regions similar to other mammals, while both structurally and functionally, these regions exhibit a closer resemblance to those found in humans.

SOX9 functionalized scaffolds as a barrier to against cartilage fibrosis

Hyaline cartilage regeneration will bring evangel to millions of people suffered from cartilage diseases. However, uncontrollable cartilage fibrosis and matrix mineralization are the primary causes of cartilage regeneration failure in many tissue engineering scaffolds. This study presents a new attempt to avoid endochondral ossification or fibrosis in cartilage regeneration therapy by establishing biochemical regulatory area. Here, SOX9 expression plasmids are assembled in cellulose gels by chitosan gene vectors to fabricate SOX9+ functionalized scaffolds. RT-qPCR, western blot and biochemical analysis all show that the SOX9 reinforcement strategy can enhance chondrogenic specific proteins expression and promote GAG production. Notably, the interference from SOX9 has resisted osteogenic inducing significantly, showing an inhibition of COL1, OPN and OC production, and the inhibition efficiency was about 58.4 %, 22.8 % and 76.9 % respectively. In vivo study, implantation of these scaffolds with BMSCs can induce chondrogenic differentiation and resist endochondral ossification effectively. Moreover, specific SOX9+ functionalized area of the gel exhibited the resistance to matrix mineralization, indicating the special biochemical functional area for cartilage regeneration. These results indicate that this strategy is effective for promoting the hyaline cartilage regeneration and avoiding cartilage fibrosis, which provides a new insight to the future development of cartilage regeneration scaffolds.

포지티브 규제와 네거티브 규제

As the so-called 4th Industrial Revolution is progressing, regulatory innovation is emphasized. In this context, negative regulation is proposed as a preferred form of regulation instead of positive regulation. However, contrary to these requests, it is not easy to apply the form of negative regulation to the entire regulatory system. There is a gap between theoretical claims and actual regulatory reality. Various reasons can be considered for this. One of them is that there are limits to solving many regulatory problems that arise in modern society through negative regulations alone. This shows that there are reasons why many positive regulations could be found in the regulatory area. In this context, this article examines the meaning of positive and negative regulation and then handles the theoretical and historical backgrounds of these forms of regulation. This article argues that there are many reasons why the form of positive regulation is expanding in place of negative regulation today. Accordingly, this article argues that it is not valid to understand positive and negative regulation as a dichotomy of ‘regulation <-> innovation’. This article argues that what we need is to explore regulatory measures that can support social innovation on the one hand while taking modern society’s complexity into account on the other hand.

Improving the Method of Short-term Forecasting of Electric Load in Distribution Networks using Wavelet transform combined with Ridgelet Neural Network Optimized by Self-adapted Kho-Kho Optimization Algorithm

This paper proposes a new method for short-term electric load forecasting using a Ridgelet Neural Network (RNN) combined with a wavelet transform and optimized by a Self-Adapted (SA) Kho-Kho algorithm (SAKhoKho). The aim of this method is to improve the accuracy and reliability of electric load forecasting, which is essential for the planning and operation of competitive electrical networks. The proposed method uses the Wavelet Transform (WT) to decompose the load data into different frequency components and applies the RNN to each component separately. The RNN is, then, optimized by the SAKhoKho algorithm, which is an improved version of the KhoKho algorithm that can adapt the search parameters dynamically. The proposed method is trained and tested on the Zone Preliminary Billing Data from the PJM regulatory area, which is updated every two weeks based on the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) figures. The proposed method is compared with six other cutting-edge methods from the literature, including SVM/SA, hybrid, ARIMA, MLP/PSO, CNN, and RNN/KhoKho/WT. The results show that the proposed method achieves the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 7.7704 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 17.4132 among all the methods, indicating its superior performance. The proposed method can capture the temporal dependencies in the load data and optimize the RNN's weights to minimize the error function. The proposed method is a promising technique for electric load forecasting, as it can provide accurate and reliable predictions for the next hour based on the previous 24 h of data.

At the grand Newfoundland bank and Flemish cap bank

In this paper an overview of multi-year catch dynamics for 2001–2022 and main fishery objects exploitation rates is presented, for two banks located in the northwest part of Atlantic Ocean outside of the Exclusive Economic Zones and included in an international regulatory area. An analysis of Russian quotes realization rate in the mentioned area is performed, catch dynamics for Russian and international fishery is shown, both for exploited and less-exploited stocks.

The importance of strengthening land law enforcement in regulation of land registration

Currently, strengthening land law enforcement in regulation of land registrations is very crucial (Chen et al., 2021; Ginting, 2020). This article illustrates the results of a review of qualitative data analysis (QDA) by analyzing primary and secondary data from observations, documentation, and interviews with key informants which include actors such as government, private sector, academia, and society through NVivo 12 Plus tools which includes a discussion regarding the complexity of the regulation in the land registration and the urgency of strengthening land law enforcement in regulation of land registration. According to the findings of this study, the existence of land in forest regions (35.71 percent), land on riverbanks (35.71 percent), and absentee land (28.58 percent) adds to the complexity of implementing land registration in Riau Province. Then, the complexity of strengthening land law enforcement in Riau Province is dominated by the wide dimensions of the regulatory area (40.00 percent), followed by the weak dimension of law enforcement (33.33 percent), and the high frequency of violations (26.67 percent). Our findings illustrate the importance of strengthening land law enforcement in overcoming the complexity of the land registration sector which seeks to encourage the growing awareness of law enforcers regarding the need for systematic improvements in aspects of land law and law enforcement officials.

Toolkit for designing more sustainable large buildings in peri-urban areas and natural sites

The most sustainable action anybody in the building sector could actually take is decide not to erect any new building, in order to maintain the landscape as untouched as possible and preserved for the sake of our future generations. Unfortunately, this is rather impossible in this day and age, as the building decision usually comes from a necessity and an intention to provide appropriate shelter to a certain activity. This is precisely the reason for which the in-depth study of the impact a building has both on its immediate surroundings and on the urban/ rural environment should be a common practice if we are to design and build in a sustainable manner. The impact a building has on its environment varies according to two main criteria: (1) the type of building we are referring to and (2) the environment in which the supposed building is set out to be inserted in. Thus, it is fair to state that a single-family house with a 150 sq. m gross area build on concrete frame with brick filling built in an urban regulated area is going to have a significantly different impact than a 2000 sq. m construction materials storage warehouse built on a steel frame with term insulated panels in a rather rural and untouched area in the periphery of a village. This latter category makes the scope of the present paper. Concerning the 2nd criteria, the urban environment is highly regulated, and the majority of the space is set out to be built in a manner which mirrors the evolution of the last 130 years of urban studies. Most urban settlements in Europe, be it city, town or village have urban regulatory means of stating the way a certain building occupies a plot of land within the urban frame, its recommended height and suggestion to integrate the areas’ specific aesthetics. When referred to the expectancy to have similar regulations for the peri-urban areas, or even the ones outside the built-up area we are often met with a no-man’s-land, a rather empty regulatory area which falls in the jurisdiction of local and regional authorities. The present paper aims at offering a toolkit for the local authorities to use as a negotiation frame between the interest of preserving as much as possible the natural qualities of the natural landscape while balancing with the economic reasons and benefits of a new investment in their area. The ‘tools’ which make up the study concern: volumetric composition of the buildings depending on their function, methods of generating green energy based on the local resources, regulating the percentage of concrete platforms versus greenery in complete harmony with the destination of the investment. Starting from the premise that the building permit conditions for large scale projects due to be erected in natural landscape need a thorough regulation and after having an overview of such projects in Romania, this paper provides a practical tool for making sure the current laws are to be applied in a more practical and hands-on manner.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Parasa sinica: New insights into the phylogeny of Limacodidae

In this study, the whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Parasa sinica was sequenced. It contains 15,306 base pairs (bp), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and one non-coding regulatory area (CR), all of which are shared by other lepidopterans. It follows the same gene order as ordinary lepidopterans. Further, out of these 37 genes, 23 are present on the heavy strand whereas the remaining 14 are located on the light strand. The A + T composition of the mitogenome is relatively high. Although P. sinica has a negative AT-skew and GC-skew, the GC-skew value is significantly lower than the AT-skew value. All PCGs, with the exception of CO1, carry the same start codon (ATN). All tRNAs exhibit the usual cloverleaf secondary structure. We identified the conserved motif “ATAGA + poly-T″ found in other lepidopteran insects at the beginning of the CR. We collected the concatenated PCGs sequences in the mitochondrial genome of 15 species of Zygaenoidea, with the sequences of Geometridae as outgroups, including P. sinica, and constructed phylogenetic trees using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The monolineage of each superfamily is usually well supported. Based on phylogenetic analysis, P. sinica is a member of family Limacodidae, strongly supporting the monophyly of the Zygaenoidea groups.

경계영역 보건의료제품의 안전관리에 관한 행정법적 쟁점

The COVID-19 infectious disease health crisis, which has recently spread worldwide, has provided an opportunity to increase the number of products which using advanced convergence-technologies in the health and medical field. As of the increasing demand for various products for diagnosis, prevention, as well as treatment of diseases, there are some cases that cannot be managed by classifying them into specific regulatory types currently set. Accordingly, in order to prepare an appropriate management system, a theoretical review of the law is required to prepare a plan to reasonably manage emerging new-atypical cases. In particular, various types of health care products applying advanced technology or convergence technology are being released as the technology that utilizes drugs, medical devices, and health care products changes and develops.
 To address these issues, administrative authorities regulating the health and medical product sector sometimes prepare ‘borderline guidance’ so as to ensure consistency in law enforcement. This article examines how to classify and approach products that across the boundary areas, such as food/pharmaceuticals, health functional foods/pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals/ medical devices, quasi-drugs/hygiene products, and health products/industrial products, and how to establish classification standards.
 Borderline health and medical products have the characteristics of invasiveness in the human body and irreversibility of effects due to the inherent characteristics of the product. For this reason, the management system for boundary health products should consider the following: It is assumed that convergent helath products which sold in the consumer goods market might have information asymmetry between producers and consumers when new technologies are applied, and measures are sought to protect consumers. The legal system governing convergence health products may have similarities with the legal system in the field of product safety law. However, it is necessary to consider the specificity of the health care field. In addition, a management system applicable to each regulatory area of the boundary product was developed by the dual management system that of the health-medical product market centered on the regulation of consumer information and that of the specific medical service delivering system where used health care products as a medium of medical service. It is desirable to establish product classification criteria based on sound legal theory so as to guarantee institutional consistency and predictability.

Cybersecurity Law and Regulation in China: Securing the Smart State

Abstract Cybersecurity has become a key regulatory area in China’s rapidly digitizing society, economy, and state. The leadership deems it critical in providing adequate security guarantees for the realization of the ambitious “informatization” policy, symbolized by the passing of the Cybersecurity Law in 2016. Cybersecurity has also become integrated with overall national security, at a time when Chinese policy has become increasingly securitized. What, then, does this mean in practice? How do authorities conceive of cybersecurity and attempt to retrofit regulatory frameworks into an already well-established digital environment. This paper reviews the various components of the cybersecurity regime established by the Cybersecurity Law. It discusses how external circumstances have facilitated or obstructed the advance of regulation and implementation and demonstrates how cybersecurity is embedded in the broader processes of reform led by the Chinese Communist Party.

The Mitochondrial Genome of the Globally Invasive Barnacle Megabalanus coccopoma Darwin 1854 (Crustacea: Balanomorpha): Rearrangement and Phylogenetic Consideration within Balanomorpha

Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) is a globally invasive species in Balanomorpha (Crustacea). This species is a model organism for studying marine pollution and ecology. However, its mitogenome remains unknown. The mitogenome sequencing of M. coccopoma is completed in the present study. It has a 15,098 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), along with a putative regulatory area. A substantial A+T bias was observed in the genome composition (68.2%), along with a negative AT (0.82) and GC (−0.136) skew. Compared to the gene sequence of the ground model of pan-crustacea, 13 gene clusters (or genes), such as 10 tRNAs and 3 PCGs, were observed in a different order. This was in line with the previously observed large-scale gene rearrangements of Balanomorpha. Among the 37 genes, the gene cluster (M-nad2-W-cox1-L2-cox2-D-atp8-atp6-cox3-G- nad3-R-N-A-E-S1) Balanomorpha was conserved. Furthermore, phylogeny analysis indicated that the existing Balanomorpha species family was divided into nine rearrangement patterns, supporting the polyphyly of Balanoidea.

Coupling of the Simulation Planning and Power Flow Calculation Tools: Case Study of the Republic of Serbia

Planning of the national energy system by looking at alternative investment decisions through annual simulations (using the EnergyPlan tool) due to its (combinatorial) complexity leaves little room for explicitness regarding the network's impact on planning decisions and therefore there is a need to look at the power flows in the network. The investment decisions that are made remain with a degree of vagueness in the technical aspect, which can be removed with this connection. The CASE tool is used for numerous system calculations of power flows, shortcircuit currents, series faults, stability to small disturbances and transient stability. Calculations based on the calculation of power flows are also implemented in the program: network reduction, security (N-1 and N-X), NTC and OTDF/PTDF. The coupling of the CASE program and EnergyPlan was achieved through the output text file of EnergyPlan, which contains the total production of power plants by type, the total consumption of the system divided into several subtypes, export and import from the regulatory area. CASE loads the output file of EnergyPlan and distributes the total production by power plant types to each individual power plant in the system according to predefined distribution coefficients, while the total consumption is distributed proportionally to the existing loads by network nodes. Thus, a system model for power flow calculation is defined for each hour of the year. Calculation results for each hour are stored in the working memory of the CASE program and can be sorted by the most loaded element of the system, the largest exchange of the observed control area, losses in the control area, production by a certain type of power plant, consumption, etc. In this way, it is possible to efficiently analyse the operation of the system according to different criteria. First of all, the goal of this work is to couple the two software tools, which has not been realized until now, as well as the presentation of some of the most significant results selected from among the numerous options of state sorting. The result of the work is the integration of software tools that serve the benefit of planning activities in terms of their technical feasibility, that is, to examine more precisely whether a prospective scenario is realistic from the aspect of power flows in transmission grid.

Regulatory and legal area of ensuring the management of public rail transport in Ukraine

Regulatory and legal area of ensuring the management of public rail transport in Ukraine

ВПЛИВ МОРФОМЕТРИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ РЕЛЬЄФУ НА ПЛОЩУ ПОВЕРХНІ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ ДІЛЯНОК ЛІСОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ

A plot of land is characterized by the following main attributes: purpose, location and turning points coordinates, regulatory monetary value and area. The exact value of the plot area is required for keeping land data and entering informationinto the State Land Cadastre; as well as to determine the real amount of land tax or rent. For forest and agricultural lands, the area also determines the amount of cultivation and the obtained products.Based on the analysis of literature sources, the established goal was to check the possibility of using Earth remote sensing data to generate digital relief models of plots in order to estimate their area. An important task was to establish the quantitative difference between the surface area of the land plot and the area of its horizontal projection using the example of large forested parcels. Five sites were selected for research, which are located in the Volyn, Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions of Ukraine. Using Google Earth, Global Mapper, and Surfer software, digital relief models of the objects were generated and visualized. At the next stage, the main relief parameters of the sites, as well as the values of the areas of their surfaces, were determined. It was established that for the specified land plots, the physical surface area is larger than the area of its horizontal projection by 1.15-87.83 hectares or from 0.1 to 7.7 %.Therefore, the surface area depends on the morphometric parameters of the relief, namely the steepness and its roughness. For large parcels of agricultural and forestry purposes, it is recommended to take into account the area of their surfaces; to enter it as a separate parameter in the land cadastre. To increase the accuracy of the surface area calculation, it is necessaryto use a digital terrain model with a smaller grid step. To generate such DEMs, we can use aerial photography materials.

Molecular Ecology of Freshwater Turtles and Future directions

The distribution and diversity of turtles now reflect the lengthy and complex evolution of the taxonomy, which represents an old group of tetrapod vertebrates in terms of evolutionary history. Freshwater turtles represent the majority of the 365 species, and they mostly live in tropical and subtropical regions. Emydidae diversity hotspots can be found in Southeast North America, as can Geoemydidae and Trionychidae in the Indo-Malayan area. While Pelomedusidae are mostly found in Africa, Chelidae are primarily found in the Neotropics and Australia. Most species of the genus are endemic to a particular region or even to a single location. The majority of freshwater turtles suffer varied degrees of threat, mostly from habitat changes and collection. With the use of morphological and molecular data, the majority of phylogenetic trees for different turtle species have been generated using DNA techniques and procedures. The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4), cytochrome b (Cyt b), carapacial ridge (CR), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO I) genes of freshwater turtles were sequenced by using universal PCR and long-PCR methods. Along with CR sequences of freshwater turtles, the composition and structure of the control region of diverse species were compared and analysed. Functional domains in the regulatory area, as well as their conserved sequences, were determined based on sequence similarities to other turtles. The mitochondrial regulatory regions and flanking sequences of diverse freshwater turtle species were recovered using Long-PCR and gene-specific primers. To clarify the genetic links between the fresh water turtle species that share the same habitat type, a tree was created based on Cytochrome b sequencing data and the PCR- Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern. Keywords: Complex evolution, Phylogenetics, Phylogenomics, Tetrapod vertebrates

New Preconsolidation Heads Following the Long-Term Hydraulic-Head Decline and Recovery in Houston, Texas.

The Houston area in Texas, United States, has been experiencing land subsidence for a century from the 1920s to 2010s. A substantial portion of the Houston area had finished a consolidation cycle following the long-term hydraulic head decline and recovery. A new "maximum effective stress" (preconsolidation stress) was preserved in the memory of the aquitards. For an aquifer system comprising aquifers and aquitards, the preconsolidation stress is corresponding to the lowest hydraulic head in the aquitards, not in the aquifers. Preconsolidation head is generally regarded as a groundwater-level threshold below which inelastic compaction begins. The preconsolidation head finalized after the long-term hydraulic head decline and recovery is called new preconsolidation head. This study has developed an empirical equation for projecting the new preconsolidation head. According to this study, the new preconsolidation heads in the primary aquifers (lower Chicot and Evangeline) are local specific: varying from about 30 m below land surface (-30 m) in the south to -50 m in the north of the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (HGSD) Regulatory Area 1, from -60 m in the east to -80 m in the west of Area 2, and from -70 m in the south to -100 m in the center of Area 3. In Areas 1 and 2, the current hydraulic heads are about 10m to 20 m higher than the local new preconsolidation heads; thus, remarkable land subsidence (>1cm/year) would not be reinitiated unless the hydraulic heads are to fall below the local new preconsolidation head.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of demersal flatfish Eopsetta grigorjewi (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) from South Korea

Eopsetta grigorjewi (Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae) is a demersal flatfish found in South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, and the Yellow Sea. E. grigorjewi complete mitochondrion DNA (mtDNA) consists of 16,921 bp and a 54% A + T content. It includes 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 non-coding regulatory area. ND2, ND3, ND4, COII, COIII, ATPase6, and CytB all have incomplete stop codon genes. The evolutionary analysis of 13 species from the same family indicated a close relationship. This work will be valuable for future research on molecular evolution and the creation of biomarker databases for determining the originality of E. grigorjewi.

Managing residual flood risk behind levees: Comparing USA, France, and Quebec (Canada)

AbstractAlthough hydraulic infrastructure such as levees remain important for flood risk management in the USA, France, and Quebec (Canada), there is increasing emphasis on nonstructural measures, such as regulatory flood maps, to reduce exposure and vulnerability, for example, preventing people from building in high hazard areas. One key concept related to areas protected by levees is that of “residual risk”, that is, the risk from floods greater than the design standard of the levees (levee overtopping) and from levee breach. In this article, we review the legislative framework for regulatory flood maps in the USA, France, and Quebec (Canada) and compare how residual risk behind protective structures is taken into account (or not) in regulatory flood maps. We find big differences in how the USA, France and Canada manage residual risk behind the levees. While in France the area behind levees is part of the regulatory flood prone area, and land use restrictions, building codes, emergency measures and risk communication are mandatory, in the USA the area behind levees is only shown as part of the regulatory flood prone area if the levee is not accredited. In Quebec, regulatory flood maps in general follow the French approach with a few exceptions.

Sharing the waters: Application of a marine spatial planning approach to conserve and restore the acoustic habitat of endangered beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in and around the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Anthropogenic underwater noise degrades the quality of whale habitats, affecting vital functions which may compromise the recovery of species at risk exposed to chronic vessel-based activities. The endangered St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) lives downstream from industrial activities in a highly accessible coastal environment. Many approaches were deployed in the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park to address the issue of cohabitation between whales and vessels. Place-based conservation measures aimed at protecting and restoring the tranquility of key areas of SLE beluga critical habitat by managing vessel-based activities were implemented through a marine spatial planning approach. They involved protecting the quietness of the South Channel by avoiding rerouting shipping, establishing of a regulatory area closure in Baie Sainte-Marguerite and of a beluga conservation area without commercial whale-watching in the Upper SLE. Compliance monitoring show that these efforts are effective to enhance the protection and restoration of the acoustic habitat.