Regulation Of Complex Systems Research Articles

Genomic Rewiring of SOX2 Chromatin Interaction Network during Differentiation of ESCs to Postmitotic Neurons.

SummaryCellular differentiation requires dramatic changes in chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, and protein production. To understand the regulatory connections between these processes, we generated proteomic, transcriptomic, and chromatin accessibility data during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into postmitotic neurons and found extensive associations between different molecular layers within and across differentiation time points. We observed that SOX2, as a regulator of pluripotency and neuronal genes, redistributes from pluripotency enhancers to neuronal promoters during differentiation, likely driven by changes in its protein interaction network. We identified ATRX as a major SOX2 partner in neurons, whose co-localization correlated with an increase in active enhancer marks and increased expression of nearby genes, which we experimentally confirmed for three loci. Collectively, our data provide key insights into the regulatory transformation of SOX2 during neuronal differentiation, and we highlight the significance of multi-omic approaches in understanding gene regulation in complex systems.

PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH REGARD TO TRANSPORT GAS WAVE PROCESSES

It is known that the means for regulating gas extraction processes and processes of the gas flow in the formations are technical devices placed in the wells and surface hydraulic systems. The main problem with the regulation is to identify the relationship between the target process parameters and technical indicators that you want to change. In addition to this, is of great importance order of operations to regulate, ie sequence change technical parameters of certain devices (eg position of the valve shut-off valves). In gas transportation systems as a technical means have a regulating effect, use the puck or controlled by the clearance fittings. Since any change in the hydraulic network structure leads to a redistribution of flows in the elements, you should evaluate how strongly influenced by a complex system mode change control device performance. This kind of problem previously solved in a steady flow in the work of the theory of hydraulic circuits and in later works of industry trends. It is particularly important to note that the processes of transition hydraulic network structure from one steady state to another are no less important to incorporate in the regulation of complex systems. Modeling as a means of control and planning high-impact interventions and operational action on regulatory systems is a unique tool for playback of dynamic processes taking into account the mutual flow of technical devices and geological objects. The main prerequisite for creating a model of unsteady flow in a complex hydraulic network structure is the need to predict the wave phenomena that determine the time to steady state, pressure surges and other phenomena of unsteady flow. In this paper, for the assessment of the state of the fluid (SF) along the length of the pipe (or any other type of link) propose a method for solving the problem of unsteady flow of a compressible fluid with a variable kinematic viscosity in the hydraulic systems of the network structure as those at issue in the hydraulic system.

Nodes Having a Major Influence to Break Cooperation Define a Novel Centrality Measure: Game Centrality

Cooperation played a significant role in the self-organization and evolution of living organisms. Both network topology and the initial position of cooperators heavily affect the cooperation of social dilemma games. We developed a novel simulation program package, called ‘NetworGame’, which is able to simulate any type of social dilemma games on any model, or real world networks with any assignment of initial cooperation or defection strategies to network nodes. The ability of initially defecting single nodes to break overall cooperation was called as ‘game centrality’. The efficiency of this measure was verified on well-known social networks, and was extended to ‘protein games’, i.e. the simulation of cooperation between proteins, or their amino acids. Hubs and in particular, party hubs of yeast protein-protein interaction networks had a large influence to convert the cooperation of other nodes to defection. Simulations on methionyl-tRNA synthetase protein structure network indicated an increased influence of nodes belonging to intra-protein signaling pathways on breaking cooperation. The efficiency of single, initially defecting nodes to convert the cooperation of other nodes to defection in social dilemma games may be an important measure to predict the importance of nodes in the integration and regulation of complex systems. Game centrality may help to design more efficient interventions to cellular networks (in forms of drugs), to ecosystems and social networks.