Regression In Stata Research Articles

Breaking the glass ceiling in banking: the impact of female directors, digitalization, and income diversification on financial stability

Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) on a bank’s financial stability. Moreover, it also examines whether digitalization and income diversification act as mediators (individual and serial) in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were tested using data from Pakistan’s banking sector financial statements from 2017 to 2021. A two-step analytical approach was used: panel regression in STATA for initial hypothesis examination, followed by mediation analyses using bootstrapping in SPSS. In addition, mixed-effect ML regression was conducted to verify causation and ensure robust findings. Findings Results demonstrate that BGD, digitalization and income diversification are positively associated with higher financial stability. Moreover, as hypothesized, both digitalization and income diversification individually and sequentially mediate the relationship between BGD and banks’ financial stability. Research limitations/implications It is important to acknowledge the study’s limited five-year timeframe. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal board compositions, especially considering the study’s inclusion of up to 25% female directors on boards. Practical implications Policymakers and top management should prioritize increasing the number of female directors on boards for diversity. Banks that involve female directors can benefit from the synergies between gender diversity and digitization, along with the unique perspectives these women offer. This cooperative dynamic enables banks to explore and capitalize on innovative income diversification opportunities, enter new markets and ensure financial stability. Social implications Research findings emphasize promotion of gender equality and meritocracy through increased female director representation. This fosters a more inclusive and cooperative decision-making culture, benefiting individual banks and setting a model for other sectors. Ultimately, it contributes to greater social acceptance of women executives. Originality/value The study reveals a novel mechanism, emphasizing the revolutionary impact of active female directors in tandem with digitalization, amplifying chances for income diversification and accelerating increased bank viability.

FOXP3 serum concentration; a likely predictor of CIN and cervical cancer: Secondary analysis from a case control study at a clinic in South western Uganda

Biomarkers including Forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor box P3 have been proposed in immunohistochemical techniques to diagnose cervical lesions, but can be objectively quantified and measured in blood using methods that can be standardised. In this study we quantified the serum FOXP3 concentrations and assessed their association with cervical lesions at the cervical cancer clinic of Mbarara Regional Hospital (MRRH) Southwestern Uganda.We performed secondary analysis on archived serum samples from a previous unmatched case control study in which we recruited 90 cervical cancer (CC) cases, 90 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases before any form of treatment and 90 controls. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. We measured FOXP3 concentrations using quantitative ELISA. We performed descriptive statistics and logistic regression in STATA 17 and took P-values of < 0.05 as statistically significant.The mean concentration of FOXP3 was higher in serum samples from CC cases compared with CIN cases and controls, and this difference was statistically significant (P value < 0.001). More than half (52/90,58 %) of serum samples from CC cases had FOXP3 concentrations greater than 0.0545 ng/ml (P value < 0.001). Increase serum FOXP3 expression was not associated with CIN. Increase in serum FOXP3 concentrations were observed to increase the chances of CC by 2 times (OR: 2.094, P value 0.038, 95 % CI: 1.042–––4.209).Serum FOXP3 is likely associated with cervical lesions especially CC in our study population. Serum FOXP3 testing may be useful in resource limited settings to aid detection of such lesions given the challenges associated with cytology and VIA. We recommend diagnostic utility studies for circulating FOXP3 as a biomarker for detection of cervical cancer.

How Knowledge Recombination Affect Technology Innovation Quality in Chinese High-Tech Firms: The Role of Relation Dynamics and Knowledge Network Decomposability

Knowledge recombination (KR) and technology innovation quality (TIQ) has received much attention. However, the mechanisms by which KR affects TIQ still lack further exploration. This study aims to explore the mediating role of relation dynamics (RDS) between KR and TIQ, and whether knowledge network decomposability (KND) moderates these relationships. Based on a panel data from 437 Chinese listed high-tech firms during 2000–2017, the hypotheses are tested using negative binomial regression in STATA 16.0. The results show that, first, knowledge recombination creation (KRC) not only directly improves TIQ, but also indirectly improves TIQ by promoting relation expansion (RE). Second, the relationship between knowledge recombination reuse (KRR) and TIQ is inverted U-shaped, which is partially mediated by relation stability (RS). Third, KND strengthens the influence of KRC or KRR on TIQ and the inverted U-shaped relationship between KRR and RS. This study enriches the research on the relationship between KR and TIQ, and provides theoretical support for technology management decisions in high-tech firms.

Dental caries status and related factors among 12-year-old Somali school children in Hargeisa.

There is little data on the oral health conditions of Somali children. The aim was to assess the dental caries status and related risk factors of 12-aged children in primary schools in Hargeisa, Somaliland. A school-based survey was conducted in Hargeisa in December 2022. Using 2-stage cluster sampling, 405 children (12-aged) were randomly selected from 16 primary schools. Data collection involved WHO structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical examinations. The DMFT index was measured according to WHO criteria, and accordingly, the mean for the significant caries index (SiC) was calculated. The association between the DMFT and the relevant variables was analysed using negative binomial regression in STATA. The overall prevalence of dental caries was found to be 62.7%, with a mean DMFT of 1.7 and a SiC score of 3.7. Non-public school pupils showed significantly higher prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT compared to public school counterparts (68.5% vs. 58.6%) and (1.91 vs. 1.48), respectively. Merely 14.7% of the participants utilized dental care services in the previous year. The multivariable analysis showed a significant positive association of the DMFT outcome with attending a non-public school (95% CI 1.16-2.12) and having many previous dental visits (95% CI 1.22-2.83). In the adjusted model, fathers of low education had children with better dental caries status (lower mean DMFT) than their well-educated counterparts. The mean DMFT was not significantly influenced by the factors sex, location, educational attainment (school class of the participants) and frequency of teeth cleaning. Although the overall mean DMFT of school children in Hargeisa could be regarded low, the high levels of untreated caries especially in the one-third most affected are a cause for concern. Children enrolled in non-public schools formed the high-risk group. Preventive oral public health programs targeting Somali school children are recommended.

Social Determinants of Health Needs Among Immigrant and U.S.-Born Pregnant Persons in Central Brooklyn: A Cross-Sectional Survey [ID 2683549

INTRODUCTION: Social determinants of health (SDOH) have been linked to poor health outcomes in maternal and infant populations. An epicenter of the maternal health crisis in New York City, Central Brooklyn has a disproportionately high population of immigrants. This cross-sectional survey assesses demographic distributions and SDOH needs of immigrant and U.S.-born pregnant individuals in Central Brooklyn. METHODS: The American Academy of Family Practitioners (AAFP) SDOH screening tool was given to 700 pregnant persons with immigrant status defined by country of origin. Institutional review board-approved data were collected through REDCap, and associations were evaluated via χ2, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression in STATA. RESULTS: Compared to U.S.-born pregnant persons, immigrants tended to be older (P=.000), married (P&lt;.000), and more educated (P=.028). Social determinants of health needs differed significantly by nativity status for housing instability (P=.039), food worry (P=.000), and food inadequacy (P=.018), all of which were higher for immigrants. After adjusting for age and education level, immigrant pregnant persons were significantly more likely to report five or more SDOH needs. Rates of food insecurity (39.86% among immigrants and 27.02% among U.S.-born) were much higher than the national average of 10.2%. Rates of all other SDOH needs were higher for immigrants, except for transportation, but these differences were insignificant. CONCLUSION: Our study underscores the criticality of monitoring SDOH needs in marginalized populations to inform targeted interventions aimed at dismantling systemic barriers to health care access during pregnancy. By doing so, we can foster greater engagement in care and promote more equitable health outcomes for pregnant and postpartum individuals.

Do Government Efforts and Commitments Affect the SDGs?

This study aims to examine the influence of three pillars of government efforts and commitment on the Sustainable Development Goals index. The three pillars are Transformation, Coordination and Multilateralism. Knowledge related to country policies should be improved to boost effectiveness to achieve better sustainable development goals. The research sample includes 74 countries around the world that have implemented Sustainable Development Goals practices so that they have a Sustainable Development Goals index achievement value and a Government Efforts and Commitment index value for the index performance period of 2023. The analysis method uses multiple regression in STATA. The results showed that only the Transformation variable had a significant effect on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals index, but the Coordination and Multilateralism variables had no effect. This finding confirms that comprehensive changes in sectoral policies, accompanied by concrete long-term strategic actions from all parties, are the hallmarks of the government's efforts and commitment.

THE EFFECT OF GOOD GOVERNANCE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FDI INFLOWS

In the contemporary context, people's attention has turned to the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental concerns. And the good governance that wants to increase the level of FDI inflows and decrease the level of CO2 emissions has also aligned with this trend, to achieve a sustainable development. Thus, through the present research we want to analyse the effect of good governance on CO2 emissions and FDI inflows. The analysed period is between 2002-2021, and to carry out a more detailed analysis we introduced groups of countries. We used panel data methods to test relationships through multiple regression in Stata. In the analysis we considered the 2 factors, FDI and CO2, as dependent variables. We will measure good governance through the prism of 4 indicators, which we will consider as independent variables in our study, namely Trade, the sum of exports and imports of goods and services, Gross capital formation, Government effectiveness and Consumer price index. The results demonstrate a higher level of good governance in reducing CO2, respectively attracting FDI in the group of countries that are part of the EU zone, respectively of the euro zone.

Robit regression in Stata

Logistic and probit models are the most popular regression models for binary outcomes. A simple robust alternative is the robit model, which replaces the underlying normal distribution in the probit model with a Student’s t distribution. The heavier tails of the t distribution (compared with the normal distribution) mean that model outliers are less influential. Robit regression models can be fit as generalized linear models with the link function defined as the inverse cumulative t distribution function with a specified number of degrees of freedom; they have been advocated as being particularly suitable for estimating inverse-probability weights and propensity scoring more generally. Here we describe a new command, robit, that implements robit regression in Stata.

THE PREDICTORS OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS: A STUDY IN TÜRKİYE

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the predictors of the quality of life of patients who have coronary heart disease in Turkey. &#x0D; Methods: The sample consisted of 796 participants with coronary heart disease selected from a nationally representative 2019 Turkey Health Survey. The effects of individual-level, individual-level healthy behaviors, household-level, and regional-level characteristics on quality of life were analyzed by using nested regression in STATA. &#x0D; Results: The majority of respondents were male (62.3%), relatively more aged (41.0%), married (70.5%), and primary school educated (50.6%). More than 18 percent of respondents (144 people) said that they were unable to pay for the needed medical care. The variables lessening the quality of life for patients with coronary heart disease were found to be as female gender, increasing age, decreasing education level, living with a person with bad health status in the same house, inability to pay for medical care and living in statistical region-8 of Türkiye. &#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this study contribute to the debate concerning the expected and unexpected relationships between QoL and its predictors among respondents with patients who have coronary heart disease. The study suggests that appropriate local and national policies should be developed to improve quality of life of coronary heart disease patients.

Prevalence and gender disparities of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Esmeraldas, Ecuador: a population-based survey in a hard-to-reach setting

BackgroundType 2 Diabetes (T2DM) prevalence is increasing in low- and middle-income countries along with high levels of obesity which vary according to socioeconomic and contextual characteristics. We aim to estimate the prevalence of T2DM and obesity in men and women in a hard-to-reach rural area in northern Ecuador considering socio-demographic characteristics.MethodsCross-sectional descriptive study based on a population-based survey in the Eloy Alfaro health district of Esmeraldas between October 2020 and January 2022. We collected sociodemographic information and risk factors for non-communicable diseases with an adapted version of the STEPS survey, performed oral glucose tolerance tests, biochemistry and took physical measurements. We estimated the prevalence of T2DM, obesity, and calculated Odds Ratios (OR) with confidence intervals by logistic regression in Stata v.15.ResultsThe overall prevalence of T2DM was 6.8% (CI95%: 4.9–8.7), markedly higher among women compared to men (10.4%, CI95% 7.3–13.4%, compared 2.0%, CI95% 0.4–3.7% respectively). The risk of having T2DM in women was 5 times higher than in men adjusting for age, ethnicity, employment, household earnings and obesity (OR: 5.03; 95%CI: 1.68–15.01). Regarding age, the risk of T2DM increased by 6% per year (adjusted OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 1.03–1.08). Obesity prevalence was 30.8% (CI95%: 27.3–34.3), in women was nearly three times higher than in men (43.2% CI95%: 38.2–48.2, compared to 14.7% prevalence, CI95%: 10.6–18.8). Indigenous women had a lower prevalence of obesity compared with the Afro-Ecuadorian women (OR: 0.05; 95%CI: 0.02–0.18) after adjusting for age, employment status, household earnings and setting.ConclusionWe found alarming differences between the prevalence of T2DM and obesity in women and men that may be explained by gender roles, exacerbated in the rural context. Health promotion measures with a gender perspective should be adapted according to the characteristics of isolated rural contexts.

Factors influencing the severity of COVID-19 course for patients with diabetes mellitus in tashkent: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Since the very first outbreak, scientists have been trying to determine the most critical pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of COVID-19 and related complications, analyze individual subpopulations of patients with chronic diseases and develop optimal tactics to combat not only the infection itself but also its acute and chronic complications.AIM: to assess the COVID-19 course among patients with Type 1 and Type 2 DM.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of Tashkent inhabitants, who had COVID-19 from April to D ecember 2020, was performed. The data were obtained from the single electronic database of registered cases of COVID-19. All data were analyzed using a logistic regression in STATA 17.0 software. Further, the matched case-control study was performed for patients with type 2 DM and no DM based on age, gender, and BMI.RESULTS: Of the 5023 analyzed subjects, 72.63% had no diabetes mellitus (DM), 4.24% had type 1 DM, 15.19% had type 2 DM, and 7.94% was diagnosed with DM during the COVID-19 infection. DM, overweight, and obesity were associated with severe COVID-19; the most significant risk of a severe course was found in persons with type 2 DM. The risk of a lethal outcome and the need for prescription of glucocorticoids did not show a significant association with diabetes in Tashkent. The clinical features of COVID-19 were more common in patients with type 2 DM, especially for shortness of breath, chest pain, and arrhythmia. The persons receiving SU have complained of dyspnea significantly more often than matched patients without DM. Metformin and DPP4i were the groups of drugs that were not associated with significantly increased risk of hospitalization of patients because of COVID-19. The matched case-control study did not reveal statistically significant differences in the disease course severity, need for hospitalization and glucocorticoids, and death depending on the glucose-lowering therapy preceding the onset of COVID-19.CONCLUSION: Diabetes, age and overweight/obesity were associated with severe course of COVID-19 in Tashkent. There was no statistical difference in COVID-19 severity depending on initial glucose-lowering therapy.

Evidence of Diversification and Leverage in the Performance of Brazilian and Mexican Family Businesses

AbstractThis study identifies evidence of the influence of diversification and leverage on the financial performance of Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. It analyzes 102 Brazilian and 71 Mexican publicly traded family companies. Data analysis uses ordinary least squares regression in Stata. The results indicate that Brazilian family businesses have a higher return on assets when diversifying their products or services. When diversifying international markets, Brazilian companies present a lower return on assets and return on equity. For Mexican companies, international diversification derives a higher return on assets and return on equity. In addition, results show that leverage moderates the relationship between diversification and performance both for Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. The study contributes to the current literature by investigating that diversification improves business performance and that leverage is a significant element in intensifying the benefits of this strategy in the performance of family businesses. The study also emphasizes that diversification can be useful to address market difficulties and imperfections in unstable scenarios, such as when it is targeted to planned performance and considers financial conservatism in family companies.

Beyond profit: How ESG performance influences company value across industries?

Evaluating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores is essential for understanding a company's long-term sustainability and value. These scores serve as a barometer of a firm's commitment to ethical, environmental, and social practices—attributes that are increasingly valued by both investors and consumers. However, despite their importance, previous studies have been constrained by their focus on smaller sample sizes and exclusive attention to the financial sector. Our study addresses this gap by delivering a comprehensive analysis of the impact of ESG scores on the valuation of companies across diverse industries, while purposefully excluding the financial sector, listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021. We analyzed 2,169 company-year observations, collected through non-probability purposive sampling, using multiple linear regression in STATA. Our findings reveal a robust correlation between ESG scores and company value, with firms boasting superior ESG scores consistently demonstrating enhanced size and profitability. These results emphasize that a genuine commitment to ESG principles not only elevates performance but also boosts attractiveness to investors, going beyond mere statutory compliance or superficial adoption.

Time trends and geographical patterns in suicide among Greenland Inuit

BackgroundBetween 1980 and 2018 Greenland has had one of the highest suicide rates in the world with an average rate of 96 suicides per 100,000 people annually. The aim of this study is to investigate suicide rates in Greenland according to age, birth cohort, period, sex, place of residence and suicide method from 1970 until 2018.MethodsSuicide rates were examined using register and census data from 1970–2018 among Greenland Inuit. Rates were calculated by Poisson regression in Stata and by use of Excel. In analyses of the period trends, rates were standardized according to the World Standard Population 2000–2025.ResultsThe suicide rate has been declining since a peak at 120 suicides per 100,000 people annually in the 1980s but remained high at a rate of 81.3 suicides per 100,000 people annually from 2015–2018. Descriptive analyses point to the decrease in male suicides as the primary factor for the overall decreasing rates while the rate among women has been increasing. Simultaneously, the proportion of women who used a violent suicide method increased from 60% in 1970–1979 to 90% in 2010–2018. The highest rates are seen among young people, especially young men aged 20–24 years and youth suicide rates increased with later birth cohorts. When the rates started to increase in the 1980s both the capital Nuuk and East Greenland had the highest rates. Since then, the rate in Nuuk has declined while the rate in East Greenland was three times the national rate from 2015–2018.ConclusionsFrom 1970 to 1989 the suicide rate increased from 28.7 to 120.5 per 100,000 people mirroring a rapid societal transition in the post-colonial period. The rate has slowly declined from the peak in the 1980s but remains at a very high level. Young people in general are at risk, but the steady increase in the rate among women is worrying and there is a need to investigate underlying causes for this development.

Tracheostomy-related indications, early complications and their predictors among patients in low resource settings: a prospective cohort study in the pre-COVID-19 era

BackgroundTracheostomy is a life-saving procedure whose outcomes may vary between hospitals based on disparities in their existing expertise. We aimed at establishing the indications, early tracheostomy-related complications and their associated factors in Uganda.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled one-hundred patients, both adults and children 2 h post-tracheostomy procedure. At baseline, information on patients’ socio-demographics, tracheostomy indications, pre- and post-procedural characteristics was collected through researcher administered questionnaires and from medical records. Clinical examination was performed at baseline but also at either day 7 or whenever a tracheostomy-related complication was suspected during the 7 days follow-up. Comparison of patients’ baseline characteristics, tracheostomy indications and complications across two hospitals was done using Pearson’s chi-square. For predictors of early tracheostomy complications, bivariate and multivariate analysis models were fitted using binomial regression in STATA 13.0 software.ResultsAll patients underwent surgical tracheostomy. Majority were adults (84%) and males (70%). The commonest tracheostomy indications were; pulmonary toilet (58%) and anticipated prolonged intubation (42%). Overall, 53% (95% CI: 43.0 – 62.7) had early complications with the commonest being tube obstruction (52.6%). Independent predictors of early tracheostomy-related complications were; anticipated prolonged intubation as an indication (RR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.19 – 2.76), Bjork flap tracheal incision (RR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.09 – 2.43), vertical tracheal incision (RR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.02 – 2.27), and age below 18 years (RR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.00 – 1.47).ConclusionPulmonary toilet is the commonest tracheostomy indication at major hospitals in Uganda. The incidence of early tracheostomy complications is high and majorly related to post-procedure tracheostomy tube management. Having anticipated prolonged intubation as an indication for tracheostomy, a Bjork flap or vertical tracheal incisions and being a child were associated with increased risk of complications. Emphasis on multidisciplinary team care, standardization of tracheostomy care protocols, and continuous collection of patient data as well as paying attention to patient quality of life factors such as early return to oral feeding, ambulation and normal speech may have great potential for improved quality of tracheostomy care in low resource settings.

Abstract P336: Early Metabolic Imbalance in Young Adults is a Hidden Risk Factor for Midlife Cardiovascular Disease: CARDIA 35-year Follow Up

Introduction: The U.S. population includes a prevalent group of teens and young adults with early metabolic imbalance or EMI. This insidious condition includes markers of insulin resistance, particularly its interaction with adiposity, as well subclinical inflammation and oxidative stress. High circulating insulin compensates for insulin resistance in tissues, keeping fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL within normal limits. Thus, individuals with EMI do not meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome or prediabetes. Previously, we reported that compensatory hyperinsulinemia in young adults is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), based on an analysis of 30-year data from CARDIA: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Here, we expand the analysis to include other components of EMI and the latest 35-year follow up data. Hypothesis: In young adults, EMI increases the risk for midlife ASCVD. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of CARDIA. The parent study enrolled 5,114 participants, ages 18-30 at baseline. In this retrospective analysis, the baseline exclusion criteria were hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, diabetes, CVD, pregnancy or fasting &lt;8 hours, yielding 3,292 participants without metabolic syndrome or prediabetes. The data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression in Stata 17.0 and JMP 16.2. The primary exposures were markers of insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress at baseline; the covariates were the 2019 ACC/AHA risk factors for ASCVD: increased waist circumference (WC), hypertension, poor fitness, LDL ≥160, nicotine use (serum cotinine), family history of premature ASCVD, race, sex and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60. The primary outcome was time to incident ASCVD (or censor), defined as any fatal or nonfatal MI, coronary revascularization, acute coronary syndrome, CHF, stroke, TIA, carotid or peripheral artery disease. Cox results were reported as hazard ratio (HR) and Harrell’s c-statistic (c). Results: All reported Cox models met the proportional hazards and linearity assumptions. Model 1 includes the ACC/AHA risk factors, yielding a Harrell’s c of 0.714. For WC, the HR for tertile 3 vs. 1 was 2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.1, p&lt;0.0001. Cox Model 2 replaces WC with a categorical variable with both WC and HOMA2-IR, a marker of insulin resistance. The HR for both measures in tertile 3 vs. both in tertile 1 was 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5, p&lt;0.0001; Harrell’s c increased to 0.728. Cox model 3 adds markers of inflammation and oxidative stress to Model 2, increasing C to 0.735. In models 2 and 3, high WC was a significant risk factor only in combination with high HOMA2-IR, indicative of effect modification. Conclusion: After accounting for canonical risk factors, early metabolic imbalance in otherwise healthy young adults in CARDIA is a hidden risk factor for midlife ASCVD.

Analysis of Challenges Facing and Factors Influencing the Profitability of Dairy Cattle Enterprises in Southwestern Uganda

In this study, challenges experienced by dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda and the factors influencing their profitability were respectively analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression in STATA 15.0 statistical software. Eighteen questions relating to the challenges experienced by dairy producers in the study area were factor analyzed using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s measure of sampling adequacy was 0.643, above the commonly recommended value of 0.6, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (ꭓ² (153) = 1670.13, P&lt;0.001). Using both the scree plot and eigenvalues greater than 1 to determine the underlying components, the analysis yielded five factors explaining a total of 67.42% of the variance in the data. These factors were investment constraints, productivity constraints, climatic and environmental conditions, veterinary and social security services, and marketing constraints, which explained 21.32%, 13.01%, 11.97%, 11.03%, and 10.097% of the variance after rotation, respectively. The factors hypothesized to influence the profitability of dairy enterprises were; daily milk yield per lactating cow, the prevalence rate of diseases, percentage of lactating cows to those raised on the enterprise, attendance of animal production training, the unit production cost of milk, and enterprise size according to the number of animals raised. Regression analysis results of these factors revealed that the unit production cost of milk, enterprise size, and daily milk yield per lactating cow were statistically significant. The estimated model had an R-squared value of 0.92. The recommendations emphasized in this study were reducing milk production costs, rational use of production resources, adopting improved cattle breeds, improving feeding by supplementing animal diets with concentrate feeds to increase milk yield, and general improvement in dairy herd management practices, including disease control strategies.

Unplanned readmissions after surgery in a hospital in northern Brazil: prospective cohort

Objective: to analyze unplanned readmissions after surgical procedures and their risk factors in a large hospital in Northern Brazil. Method: prospective cohort, with data collected from medical records and at the bedside. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple analysis were performed using Poisson regression in Stata® v.16.0. Results: of the total of 486 patients, 1.47% were readmitted. The incidence of readmissions was 68 per 1,000 procedures (95%CI: 47.10; 93.85). In the adjusted analysis, the risk factors were not being white (RR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.13; 3.75), using implants in surgery (RR: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.05; 3.81) and procedures of the urology/renal specialties (RR: 3.17; 95%CI: 1.59-6.31) and gynecology (RR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.06-4.49). Conclusion: the incidence of readmissions in this region is higher than in other regions. Demographic characteristics and type of surgical procedure were risk factors for the outcome.

Determinants of timely initiation of complementary feeding among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia

Introducing complementary feeding either early or later than 6 months is associated with future negative health outcomes. However, many women in Ethiopia do not follow WHO standard time to feed their children, which might be due to various demographic, economic, access, and availability of services. Thus, we aimed to identify factors attributing to the problems to assist future interventions. We used cross-sectional EMDHS 2019 for this analysis. We cleaned the data and 4061 women with under 2 years children were identified. We applied multilevel binary logistic regression in Stata v.15. Model comparison was based on log-likelihood ratio, deviance, and other criteria. We presented data using mean, percent, 95% CI, and adjusted odds ratio (AOR). The timely complementary feeding was 36.44% (34.93–37.92%). Factors like preceding birth intervals (AOR = 1.97 95% CI 1.62–1.39), primary education (AOR = 2.26 95% CI 1.40–3.62), secondary above education (AOR = 1.62 95% CI 1.10–2.38), and rich wealth index (AOR = 1.25 95% CI 1.03–1.52) were some of the associated factors. The magnitude of timely initiation of complementary feeding was diminutive. Authors suggest that interventions considering maternal education, empowering mothers economically, equity access to health services, and birth planning a good remedy.

756-P: The Effect of Semaglutide on Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Levels: Results from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) Audit

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are important drivers for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) . Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) are efficacious for these conditions, but their potential as treatments for NAFLD remains unclear. As serum ALT concentration is routinely measured in clinical care, we evaluated the impact of the GLP1RA, semaglutide, on ALT in those at risk of NAFLD. Methods: Data submitted to the ABCD semaglutide audit (launched in 2019) were analysed. Change in ALT from baseline was assessed and corrected for change in covariates and concomitant medications using a multiple linear regression in Stata 16 . Baseline ALT levels were used to perform a stratified analysis as follows: normal (ALT 0-29U/L) , mildly elevated (30-59 U/L) and significantly elevated (≥60U/L) . Missing data were multiply imputed. Results: Data for 1,623 individuals (50.2% men) were included with baseline (mean±SD) : age 58.9±11.0 years, HbA1c9.4±1.7%, weight 104.6±2.8kg, BMI 37.1±7.4kg/m2 and median (IQR) diabetes duration 10.9 years (6-15.4) and ALT 26U/L (19-36) . Median (IQR) follow-up was 8.2 months (5-12) . At follow-up, changes in HbA1c and weight were -1.2% (95%CI -1.0, -1.3; p&amp;lt;0.001) and -2.4kg (95%CI -1.7, -3.1; p&amp;lt;0.001) respectively. No significant change in ALT was seen across the entire cohort (p=0.172) . However, ALT rose in the normal group (+14.6U/L; 95%CI 10.4, 18.8; p&amp;lt;0.001) and fell in the significantly elevated group (-16.2U/L; 95%CI -11.8, -20.5; p&amp;lt;0.001) . No change was noted in the mildly elevated group (p=0.33) . The differences between groups were statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.0001) . Conclusion: Among patients with significantly raised ALT, semaglutide was associated with ALT reduction, but this finding may result from regression to the mean. Measurement in parallel of further biomarkers of liver fibrosis will be required to assess the potential of semaglutide as a NAFLD therapy. Disclosure T.S.J. Crabtree: Other Relationship; Abbott Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. D.K. Sennik: Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. D. Barnes: None. S. Sivappriyan: None. K. Adamson: None. S.M. Phillips: None. A. Evans: None. N. Larsen: None. A. Panesar: None. I.W. Gallen: None. I.R. Idris: None. R.E. Ryder: None. Funding The ABCD audit is support by an unrestricted grant from NovoNordisk