Regosol Soil Research Articles

Penggunaan CROPWAT 8.0 untuk Menentukan Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Tanaman Tomat pada Tanah Regosol di Kawasan Ternate Utara, Provinsi Maluku Utara

Tomato is an important crop in Ternate, North Maluku Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the irrigation water requirements for tomato cultivation on Regosol soil in the North Ternate region using the CROPWAT 8.0 model. Climate data, crop data, and soil data were collected and processed using the CROPWAT 8.0 program. The results showed that the irrigation water requirements varied significantly between the rainy and dry seasons. During the rainy season, the total irrigation water requirement ranged from 60 to 107 mm, while in the dry season, it was much higher, ranging from 130 to 187 mm. This difference was primarily due to the low rainfall during the dry season. Simulations of planting at different periods showed relatively minor variations in crop water requirements, reflecting the stable weather conditions throughout the year in Ternate. The findings of this study can assist local tomato farmers in managing irrigation water more efficiently and effectively, thereby improving crop productivity and reducing the risk of water shortage.

Slope Gradient Effects on Sediment Yield of Different Land Cover and Soil Types

Water majorly contributes to soil erosion. Considering Japan’s humid and rainy climate, severe soil erosion challenges persist even though forests are the country’s dominant land type. Although numerous studies have emphasized the impact of factors such as land use, soil type, and slope steepness on sediment yield, the synergetic effects of slope gradient with varying land cover and soil types are underexplored. Herein, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) on a steep catchment to identify high sediment yield areas—as well as factors influencing high sediment yield—and evaluate the effect of slope gradient on the sediment yield of different land cover and soil types. The findings reveal an average annual sediment yield of 0.55 tons ha−1 yr−1 in the Takahashi catchment, with yields tripling in some western subbasins under heavy rainfall. Furthermore, the slope gradient effect is most considerable in bare land, agriculture, and rice land cover, with the average sediment yield of bare land resulting in 2.2 tons ha−1 yr−1 at slope > 45%. Meanwhile, deciduous forests on steep slopes exhibit extreme sediment yield, peaking at 7.2 tons ha−1 yr−1 at slope > 45%. The regosol soil type has one of the highest sediment yield variations in all soil types due to slope gradient.

Environmental significance of the interaction between titanium dioxides and soil solutions

Nanotechnology, especially in the field of photocatalysis, has witnessed rapid advancements, with titanium dioxide being one of the most widely used photocatalysts. As the use of products containing photoactive nanomaterials increases, concerns have arisen regarding their potential release into the environment over time. This release can impact soil, groundwater, and surrounding ecosystems, resulting in nanoparticles being dispersed in water and eventually depleted from the system. This study aimed to investigate how different soil solutions affect the structural, textural properties, and photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide-based, commercial reference Evonik Aeroxide P25. The Regosol soil solution, characterized by acidic pH, low ionic content, and high organic matter content, induced nanoparticle aggregation and bandgap changes. In addition, the acidic pH hindered the adsorption process, potentially affecting the photocatalytic processes. In contrast, the Chernozem soil solution, with slightly alkaline pH, high ionic content, and low organic matter content, did not significantly alter the morphology or structure of the material. However, various organic compounds were absorbed on the surface, reducing the availability of active sites. The study highlights the importance of understanding the influence of soil solutions on nanomaterials, as it impacts their properties and environmental risks. Results show that the material is still activated, i.e., it can exert its photoactive effect on the environment. This sheds light on the challenges posed by nanoparticles in soil, particularly in terms of their toxicity and consequences for the surrounding ecosystems. The study underlines the need for further research in this area to assess potential risks and optimise the use of nanomaterials in environmental remediation.

Yield Response of Abelmoschus Esculentus as Influenced by Compost With Tithonia Leaves

Tithonia diversifolia is a genus of flowering plants and its leaves have been used to improve fertility and soil properties by supplying organic matters and nutrients. This experiment was done to study the effect of compost with powdered Tithonia leaves on okra yield and to select the optimal quantity of Tithonia leaves for obtaining the optimum yield of okra in the sandy regosol soil conditions. This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replicates with the following treatments; T1 - recommended chemical fertilizers (control), T2 - compost 140 g alone, T3 - compost 140 g + 15 g powdered Tithonia leaves (PTL), T4 - compost 140 g + 30 g PTL, T5 - compost 140 g + 45 g PTL, T6 - compost 140 g + 60 g PTL. These fertilizers were applied as the basal application to each polybag (0.07 m2), while the top dressing was not applied in this experiment. The results revealed that compost with PTL application had effects on the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, pod length, pod girth, single pod weight, fresh pod weight per plant and marketable pod yield. Further, it was found that T4 was more suitable for obtaining a better marketable pod yield of okra in sandy regosol soil conditions. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that 2 kg m-2 compost with 0.43 kg m-2 powdered Tithonia leaves as the basal application could be used in okra cultivation.

The Effect of Addition EM4 Solution on Vermicomposting Fish Waste to Increase CNPK Regosol Soil

The Environmental Service Surabaya noted that waste generation at Benowo Landfill reached 1,600 tons/day. 60% of waste generation at Benowo Landfill was dominated by organic waste. One of organic waste was fish waste, vegetable waste, and some waste from household business activities such as sawdust. One of method composting to reduce organic waste is vermicomposting. Lumbricus rubellus is a type of worm that eats leaf litter so, it is suitable to be used decompose organic waste. The adding of EM4 solution can make more fast of composting process. The compost could be applied in regosol soil to improve soil CNPK quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of EM4 variations on the quality of compost based on SNI 19-7030-2004 and the effect of adding the compost to regosol soil. The research result showed that the quality of compost complies with SNI 19-7030-2004. The statistical analysis showed that EM4 has a significantly effect on compost quality and regosol soil improvement.

Frequency and Concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Wheat Varieties Dewata 162

This study aims to determine the effect of the frequency of issuing Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) and the concentration effect given singly and their combinations on the growth of wheat varieties Dewata 162. This research was conducted from April to June 2022, in Mejing Village, Candimulyo District, Magelang Regency with an altitude of ± 437 asl, regosol soil pH 6,3. The research method was a factorial experiment (3x4) arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications as blocks. The first factor is the frequency of provisioning (every 9, 18, and 27 days). While, the second factor is the LOF concentration consisting of 0, 45, 90, and 135 ml/l. The result showed that the frequency of giving LOF every 18 days had a significant impact on the tillers' number. Giving LOF at intervals of once every nine days was exerted and showed extreme influence on the root number. Utilization of LOF once every 27 days influenced the root length. While LOF concentration did not affect all observation parameters. In addition, there was no interaction between the application frequency and concentration of LOF on wheat.

Application of Flow Coefficients to Support High Economical Plant Cultivation (Case Study: Kwanyar Bangkalan, Indonesia)

The initial study that we carried out regarding the Kwanyar sub-district area, Bangkalan, East Java, shows the need to optimize land productivity and analyze the potential for farming to build the welfare of the people of the Kwanyar subdistrict. Preliminary spatial data analysis related to the topography as a result of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data processing shows that: the Kwanyar sub-district is dominated by flat slopes (0-8°) compared to the northern region of the Kwanyar sub-district, while runoff water analysis shows a low flow coefficient (0- 0.25) which means that most of the Kwanyar area has low absorption capacity and a high potential for stagnant water. In addition, the Kwanyar region has a Regosol soil type. Regosol soil has a coarse texture and low organic matter, which makes it unable to properly hold water and minerals for plants, so it tends to be infertile. The initial study then became the basis for this research.

Influence of green manure (Leucaena leucocephala) dosages on eggplant (Solanum melongena) growth and yield across diverse soil types

Eggplant cultivation displays versatility across various soil types. However, nutrient depletion, a result of excessive chemical fertilizer utilization, presents a growing concern. The integration of green manure into agricultural practices, catering to diverse soil types, can remediate this nutrient loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate eggplant growth and yield responses to differing green manure quantities across varying soil types. Employing a factorial experimental method, this research was structured in a completely randomized design (CRD). Two independent variables were evaluated: green manure dosage, with three levels (30 g/plant (D1), 60 g/plant (D2), 90 g/plant (D3)), and soil type, also classified into three categories: Latosol (T1), Grumusol (T2), and Regosol (T3). Data interpretation was conducted using analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, each executed at α = 5% significance level. Outcomes indicated a notable interaction between green manure dosage and soil type concerning the leaf area and root fresh weight parameters. The optimal combination emerged as a 30 g/plant green manure dosage applied to Regosol soil type. Notably, individual treatments exerted divergent effects on eggplant growth parameters, though no significant impact on eggplant yield parameters was observed. This research underscores the interplay between green manure usage and soil type in cultivating eggplants, adding value to sustainable agricultural practices.

Pengaruh Jenis Tanah terhadap Semai Mahoni Daun Besar (Swietenia Macrophylla)

Big Leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a tropical plant commonly found growing wild in teak forests and areas near the coast. This plant is also known for its resilience, meaning it can withstand harsh and arid soil conditions. Even without watering for months, mahogany can still survive. The propagation of this plant can be done through seeds, as well as through air layering or grafting. When used for medicinal purposes, it should not be treated with chemical (inorganic) fertilizers or pesticides. The significance of this research lies in providing valuable information to relevant institutions about the suitable soil type for propagating Big Leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedlings, ensuring high-quality seedlings for reforestation or afforestation efforts. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture from March to June 2023. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different soil types on the growth of Big Leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedlings. The experimental design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 (two) treatments and 3 (three) replications. The treatments consisted of: A (Regosol soil) and A2 (Podsolik soil). The research results indicate that Regosol soil type provided better average growth results for Big Leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedlings.

Identificación espacial del riesgo por deslizamiento de tierra en el municipio de Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, México

The municipality of Autlán presents problems of land use change and erosion that favor landslides. Spatial identification of these phenomena (5 risk classes) shows that 3 localities are located in high and very high risks areas (Autlán, Ahuacapán and Mezquitán), mainly due to the influence of Regosol soils, annual and maximum precipitation in 24 hours with a statistically significant relationship of P < 0.05, R2 = 0.99, 0.66 and 0.86. Landslides represent a risk for infrastructure and the population, finding a significant relationship (α = 0.001) between the number of houses and population density per locality only for regular to high threat to landslide. In the absence of land use planning by the municipality, attention and remediation activities are proposed, mainly in urban areas located in landslide-sensitive structures, taking into account the results obtained

PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS CAMPURAN AMPAS KOPI DAN TEPUNG CANGKANG TELUR TERHADAP KADAR NITROGEN DAN KALSIUM TANAH REGOSOL SERTA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

One of the medicinal plants that are rarely cultivated in Indonesia is okra. This plant has a business opportunity that can bring benefits to farmers. This research aimed to elucidate the effect of a compost mixture of coffee grounds and milled eggshell on nitrogen and calcium contents in a regosol soil and growth and yield of okra plants. Fertilizer treatments tested were: P0 (control), P1 (100% inorganic), P2 (25% compost + 75% inorganic), P3 (50% compost + 50% inorganic ), P4 (75% compost + 25% inorganic), and P5 (100% compost). The results showed that the application of a compost mixture of coffee grounds and eggshell with a dose of 100% compost had a significant effect on increasing soil pH, total N, and Ca compared to control, namely 30,77%, 147,52%, and 643,54%, but did not significantly affect the organic C of the soil. The application of coffee grounds and milled eggshell compost with a dose of 100% significantly affected plant height at 8 WAP and plant stem diameter at 6 WAP. The application of coffee grounds and milled eggshell compost with a dose of 100% significantly increased fresh fruit weight and dry weight of okra plants, respectively 18.27% and 33.33% compared to the control.

POTENTIAL, ECOLOGY AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ATONG PLANT (Parinarium glaberimum, Hassk) ON THE ISLAND OF SAPARUA - MALUKU

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential and ecology of the Atong (Parinarium glaberimum) on Saparua Island, Central Maluku Regency. The method used for data collection of the plants number was the plot method, and for data analysis of vegetation was the Vegetation Value Index (VVI). The results of the research showed that the potential of atong plants in Saparua Island was classified as low density with an average number of 67 individual plants per hectare in each sample village. Atong plants are found growing and developing on the regosol soil at 100 - 300 meters from the coastline. Atong plant seeds are generally used by people to cure stomachaches, preservation of fish and also to prevent or to repel mosquitoes.

Analisis Tingkat Erosi dan Perencanaan Konservasi Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kecamatan Rendang, Kabupaten Karangasem, Provinsi Bali

Erosion Level Analysis and Conservation Planning Based on Geographic Information Systems in Rendang District, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province. The factor of rapid population growth leads to land conversion and slopes used as agricultural land. In Rendang District erosion can be caused by unaccordance land use with conservation principles and Regosol soil types. This study aims to determine the level of erosion and its distribution, the amount of erosion allowed and appropriate conservation planning in Rendang District. The methods used are surveys and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The result of this study are Rendang District has erosion levels from very light to very heavy, with values ranging from 0.35-809 tons/ha/year. Land unit 1, 2, 10, and 16 have very light levels with total area of 4,302.43 ha. Light levels are found in land unit 9, 13 and 17 with total area of 429.23 ha. Moderate levels are found in land unit 3, 12, 14, 15 and 18 with total area of 1,369.83 ha. Heavy levels are found in land unit 6, 7 and 11 with total area of 1,829.91 ha. Very heavy levels are found in land unit 4, 5 and 8 with total area of 1,529.32 ha. The allowed erosion value in Rendang District is 11-36.10 tons/ha/year. The recommended conservation planning is the improvement of vegetation factors and land management if the erosion is higher than the allowed erosion, otherwise it needs to be preserved.

PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG AYAM DAN BOKASHI KULIT PISANG TERHADAP KADAR AIR TANAH DAN C-ORGANIK SERTA PERTUMBUHAN JAGUNG PADA REGOSOL PESISIR NAMBO

This study aims to determine the dose of chicken manure and banana peel bokashi kepok which has a better effect on increasing soil moisture content and organic C content in Regosol soil and corn plant growth, and to determine the effect of adding chicken manure and kepok banana peel bokashi on the growth of maize. This research was conducted at the Field Experimental Garden II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University and soil sampling was carried out on the coast of Nambo. Soil sample analysis was carried out at the soil test laboratory of the Department of Soil Science and the Integrated Laboratory of Halu Oleo University, which took place from April to June 2022. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with two factors, namely chicken manure and kepok banana peel bokashi. The results showed that the application of chicken manure and kepok banana peel bokashi has a significant effect at p< 0,05 and p

Kondisi Lahan Dusung Sagu Dalam Pelestarian Sempadan Sungai-Pantai di Kawasan Wai Poka Kota Ambon

The research aims was to know land condition of dusung sago around the river riparian area or at least 10 meters from the right and/or left of the riverbank. The method used was a survey with free survey observation distance approach. The observation was conducted intensively on sample area of dusung sago located around 10 meters from the riverbank. The result showed that the soils found in the research area are alluvial and regosol soils according to the National Soil Classification (2014), and their formation are influenced by very poor to poor hydrological condition as indicated by very shallow average groundwater at < 20 cm below ground level. The existence of sago plants in the Wai Poka riparian area is endangered by the expansion of settlements in the Poka area.

Water Supply Potential for Agropolitan Concept

One of the obstacles to the development of Tongas District - Probolinggo Regency as an agropolitan area is the Limited of availability of water in Tongas Village. Kelampok village only has technical fields area of 105 hectares (14.45%) and the rest are rain-fed. The goverment of Probolinggo regency plans to develop Kelampok Reservoir. This study aims to research the potential of land and water for development of Kelampok Reservoir as a Water source for agriculture. To develop the Kelampok Reservoir engineering model, required main discharge, the location of the reservoir plan, and flood discharge. The results of the main discharge calculation using tank model had a maximum discharge of 332 L/s in The first decade do March and The discharge si only available for November to May. Hydrologically and geologically, the study area has an average rainfall of 1,430 mm/y with the type of Oldeman Climate classification is D4 and dominated by regosol soil types (96.60%). Kelampok Reservoir is engineered with (i) the full capacity of catchment is 7.103 m3 and the effective capacity is 6,877 m³, (ii) the reservoir has a total width of 10.00 m and an effective width is 9.20 m, and (iii) planned to operate from early July to September (10 decades/10 days) with an discharge output of 789 L/d or 0.913 L/s. Key words: Agropolitan, Discharge, Irrigation, Natural Resource, Reservoir

Minimizing weed competition through waterlogging in rice (Oryza sativa) under various soil types

National rice production continues to be increased to meet the needs of food security in Indonesia. But in reality, every rice cultivation always raises the problem of weed disturbances. One way to control weeds can be through waterlogging. Waterlogging can suppress weed growth and increase rice yields. This study was conducted from August 2019-January 2020 at greenhouse conditions, Faulty of Agriculture, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta. The study aimed at knowing the waterlogging period to minimize weed competition and increase the rice yield. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with three replications. The first factor was the waterlogging period, which consisted of three levels : without waterlogging, 1-15 days after planting (DAP) and 1-30 DAP. The second factor was soil types, which consisted of four kinds : latosol, coastal sandy, volcanic and regosol soil. The weed observation was carried out at 60 DAP, and the rice was done at 104 DAP. The results showed that waterlogging could minimize weed competition in rice fields. Furthermore, waterlogging period of 1-30 DAP could inhibit the weed dry weight (WDW) and increase the leaf area index (LAI), shoot : root ratio (SRR), grain dry weight (GDW) and harvest index (HI) in different soil types. Waterlogging period of 1-30 DAP gave the highest GDW in latosol (7.5 t/ha), then decreased in volcanic (6.0 t/ha), regosol (5.9 t/ha) and the lowest in coastal sandy (4.8 t/ha). The research findings showed that waterlogging period of 1-30 DAP could minimize the weed competition and increase the rice yield. Thus, it was highly recommended to be practised as cultural weed control in rice cultivation. In future research, weed types that are tolerant to waterlogging treatment need to be combined with weeding treatment.

The effect of corncob biochar application and dose reduction of N, P, K fertilizer on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in regosol soil, Bantul, Yogyakarta

During the period of growth and development, soybeans need loose soil that is rich in organic matter. Biochar is a soil amendment with high porosity and large surface area, resulting in nutrients and water to be well absorbed and retained. Intensive agricultural cultivation requires a supply of nutrients by the application of inorganic fertilizers such as N, P, and K. Organic matter needs to be applied to maintain soil fertility and balancing the dose of inorganic fertilizers. The study aimed to determine the effect of corncob biochar application and the dose reduction of N, P, K fertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean. The research was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021, located at Tridharma Farm, Yogyakarta. Randomized complete block design was used with the application of 10 t/ha of biochar and without biochar as the first factor. The second factor was the use of N, P, K fertilizers in 100%, 75%, 50%, and 0% of recommended doses. The application of biochar 10 t/ha on soybeans was able to increase physiological components which include stomatal opening, stomatal density, and N, P, K uptake; growth components which include root length density, root area density, leaf area, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, plant dry weight, harvest index, and yield components which include number of nodes and pods per plant, 100 seed weight, grain weight per plant and grain yield. Dose reduction of fertilizers did not lead to decreasing the physiological activity, growth, and yield of soybeans.

Degradation of traditional vineyards in Slovakia by abandonment and soil erosion: A case‐study of Vráble

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of increased erosion events and decreased management intensity on the degradation of traditional vineyards. The study area is located near Vráble, Slovakia, in an area with warm dry climate with mild winters, and Luvisol and Regosol soils. For the erosion measurements, we used the pole height method, which uses vineyard poles as a passive soil‐surface marker. The erosion of a tilled vineyard increased from 33.47 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in the period 1983–2010 to 55.34 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in the period 2010–2021. In comparison, the erosion of the hoed and grassed vineyard has not changed significantly. We also quantified the regeneration of soil in abandoned vineyards. An average increase in level of the soil surface level after abandonment in 2010 was 0.56 mm yr−1. A control plot showed minimal change in the average exposed pole height over 10 years and confirmed the reliability of the pole height method. Land cover and management practices have dramatically changed in the study area over the last decade. Only 27.16% of the total vineyard area is currently tilled and potentially threatened by soil erosion. On the other hand, 35.73% of the vineyards are abandoned; abandonment is expected to continue into the future. Therefore, the loss of management associated with vineyard abandonment is more strongly linked to their degradation than increased soil erosion intensity.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK MUTIARA (16:16:16) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum l.)

Shallots are one of the leading horticultural commodities that have been cultivated by farmers for a long time. Constraints in the cultivation of shallots in Indonesia are environmental conditions such as soil types. This study aims to determine the effect of the type of planting medium and the application of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research is conducted at Caping Merapi which is located at Jl. Raya Tajem KM 2.5, Wedomartani, Ngemplak, Sleman, D.I.Yogyakarta from November 2021 to January 2022. The research design used was a split-plot design using 2 factors: the dose of NPK fertilizer and the composition of the growing media. The main plot is NPK fertilizer and the sub-plot is the type of planting media. The data obtained are analyzed using variance (Anova). The results of the variance showed a significant effect, then continued with the Duncan test (DMRT) with a 5% level. The results show that there is no interaction between the treatment of the type of planting media and the dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots. The effect of giving the type of peat soil planting media was better on plant height and number of leaves. The application of 15 grams/plant was better for the number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of tubers, and number of tubers.
 
 Keywords: Shallots, NPK, Regosol Soil, Peat