Registration Efforts Research Articles

The Artemis Sanctuary of İnarası Cave (Burdur/Bucak)

İnarası is located within the borders of Taşyayla village in Bucak district of Burdur province. This place was discovered in 2008 by F. Gülşen from Burdur Museum, who went with the court committee to investigate the illegal excavation incident in İnarası; the registration efforts were completed in 2009, and the boundaries of the area were determined and added to the cultural inventory in 2014. The data obtained during the rescue excavations carried out in the cave, which was determined to be used as a sacred area and naos in 2016-2017, belong to the Late Neolithic Age and the Ottoman Period. One of the most striking issues in this study is the inscriptions. The first of the inscriptions is the one that documents that the sanctuary was dedicated to the goddess Artemis. The second inscription, it is learned that it is not the name of the person who had votived, but the name of his father. In addition, it is suggested that a fragmentary inscription containing the letters MHTPI˂O may have been associated with Meter Oreia or Demeter. Another important subject of the study is the architectural elements that provide important clues regarding the restitution of the two facade arrangements of the sanctuary. It is known that in the Anatolian theological tradition, the continuity of the cult was ensured by the identification of the Mother Goddess with the belief in Ephesian Artemis. For this reason, the presence of worship areas related to the Mother Goddess on the main rock surrounding the sacred area in İnarası and on the hill to the north, and the construction of the Artemis sacred area in the same region later, are important evidence of the continuity of the cult.

Current Status of Birth Registration Practice in Nepal

Birth registration is an essential element of civil registration and vital statistics which provide a legal identity and recognize the rights of an individual. In Nepal, birth registration has a long history starting from the Village Panchayat Act 1962 which was the first act with a provision for a birth certificate. Despite the over half-century experience of birth registration efforts, challenges to universal birth certificate coverage remain present, especially among the rural population. This research will investigate the current practices of birth registration in Nepal based on the findings of the National Population and Housing Census 2021. The analysis will show respective rates of birth certificate issuance across the regions, provinces, and development districts. Some areas show remarkable success in birth registration, while others struggle to reach significant coverage levels. The experience shows the critical role of government responsiveness to the development of birth registration which is especially important for rural areas and districts with significant rural populations. In this light, targeted efforts and outreach campaigns are necessary to eliminate barriers, thus guaranteeing equal access to birth registration for all children in Nepal.

Colorectal cancer disease profile and treatment patterns at an urban tertiary hospital in Rwanda.

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is rising, due to improving cancer registration efforts on one hand and an increasing westernisation of diets and lifestyle on the other as well as increasing rates of comorbidities. We present data for the clinical characteristics, pathology, treatments received, and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with CRC at King Faisal Hospital (KFH) between January 2019 and May 2023. KFH is an urban tertiary hospital in Rwanda that provides chemotherapy and surgery to cancer patients. The data were extracted from electronic medical records, imaging and histopathology reports from the patient's time of diagnosis. We plotted Kaplan-Meier estimation of survival, defined as the time from presentation to death, within the study period (2019-2023). Seventy-four patients diagnosed with CRC with complete information were identified in the KFH oncology records. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.6 years, with ages ranging between 22 and 81 years. At diagnosis, 24 (32.4%) patients were less than 50 years old and 29 (39.2%) were females. The rectum (36.5%) was the most common tumour location, and 58.1 tumours were left-sided. Most patients presented with Stage III (41.9%) or IV (35.1%) disease. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type (98.6%) including adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) (86.5%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (10.8%), signet ring cell carcinoma (1.4%) and followed by squamous cell carcinoma (1.4%). In terms of treatment, 19 (25.7%) patients received only chemotherapy, 43 (58.1%) patients received neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, 9 (12.2%) of patients received both neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, 49 patients (66.2%) underwent surgery and 17 (23%) patients also received radiation. At the end of the follow up period, 63 (85.1%) patients remained in surveillance, 10 (13.5%) patients died, and 1 (1.3%) patient was lost to follow up. Mean overall survival was 45.5 (SD ± 2.0) months. CRC patients presented at an advanced stage and required complex treatment regimens at KFH. Further epidemiologic and molecular research is needed to characterise CRC incidence and presentation at a national level in Rwanda as increasing westernisation continues to change the face of CRC in urban areas of SSA.

Implementation of a population-based cancer registry network in Mexico 2017-2020

The growing cancer burden particularly among less developed countries requires local data to plan and evaluate cancer control measures. This article describes the development of a population-based cancer registry network (PBCRN) in Mexico that took place between 2017 and 2020 and present related data. The PBCRN, led by the National Cancer Institute (Incan), included nine registries representing 11.3% of the Mexican population. Definitions, coding, and operative processes were based on international standards. All cities were visited to set up local structure; personnel were hired by Incan and trained in basic cancer registration in Merida. A specific software was developed. Regular virtual meetings took place for data verification and quality control. Data collection included institutions of the public and private health system. Personnel included 34 registrars, nine local leaders, and 12 staff members at the Incan. A total of 13 517 cases were recorded between 2017-2020, 64% percent of them were among females. Breast cancer was the more frequent malignancy (23.3%), followed by digestive organs with (18.4%) and female genital cancers (13.5%). Childhood (0-14 years) and adolescents cancer represented 4.4% of the total new cancer cases. The network was suspended in 2020. The present effort lacked sustainability and data were only partial. However, the experience provides valuable insights to be considered for the renewed cancer registration efforts that are currently ongoing in Mexico.

Localized land tenure registration in Burundi and eastern DR Congo: Contributing to sustainable peace?

The last two decades, a variety of –mostly donor-led– initiatives have aimed at ‘localizing’ land tenure registration, specifically in conflict-affected settings, making the registration of land rights more accessible to rural smallholders. In such settings, land registration is seen not just as instrumental to tenure security and economic development; but also to prevent land-related violence and promote sustainable peace. However, to reach such goals proves extremely complex. This paper explores discourses and practices of localized land tenure registration in Burundi and the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). More specifically, we explore how these efforts are marked by the absence of reliable state action, by institutional competition, and by the risk of elite capture. We organize our discussion around three common assumptions about land registration interventions: that they will 1) contribute to clarifying and protecting land rights; 2) help the most tenure insecure, notably women, to strengthen their rights to land; and 3) prevent disputes. Based on our findings from Burundi and the eastern DRC we suggest that the expectations of registration efforts need to be tempered. On the one hand, localized land tenure registration risks to become part of the dynamics that reproduce conflict. On the other hand, it is not able, on its own, to create the more fundamental changes necessary for a sustainable peace.

A National Voter Registration Campaign.

Research suggests that increased voting among adults is associated with improved child health. Despite the benefits of voting, the United States has low voter turnout compared with peer nations. Turnout is especially low among marginalized people in the United States. Voter registration is essential for increasing voter turnout, and registration efforts have been successfully carried out in clinical settings. Working with a nonprofit called Vot-ER, we advocated for nonpartisan voter registration efforts in pediatric settings nationwide preceding the November 2020 US elections. We describe lessons learned from these efforts. Using data obtained from Vot-ER, we also provide the first estimates of participation in a national voter registration campaign in pediatric settings. There was widespread engagement in voter registration efforts among pediatricians in 2020. Many lessons were learned from these efforts, including the benefits of advanced planning because registration deadlines can be up to 1 month in advance of Election Day. Obtaining buy-in from numerous stakeholders (e.g., health center leadership, public relations teams) supports widespread staff participation. Also important is to consider the tradeoffs between active voter registration (in which staff can broach the topic of voting with patients and families) and passive efforts (in which voting is discussed only if patients or families inquire about it). These and other lessons can inform future voter registration efforts in diverse pediatric settings across the country.

Empowering Youth who Care About Democracy: Introducing General Elections to First-Time Voters

The goal of this initiative was to educate first-time voters about the democratic process and give young people a voice in civic life. Workshops were held to teach people how to vote, drives were organized to get people registered to vote, there was a social media campaign, and there was even an attempt to get people out to the polls on election day. The initiative's stated purpose was to help first-time voters become actively engaged in the political process by increasing their turnout at the polls. Participants' increased knowledge and confidence in their abilities to vote in the main election indicates that the program achieved its purpose. Participants gained a grasp of the democratic process, candidates, and problems through the seminars, and all eligible citizens were registered to vote through the voter registration efforts. Election day mobilization provided participants with resources and support to ensure they were able to cast ballots, while the social media campaign helped to engage people and establish a feeling of community. In general, the program achieved its goal of encouraging first-time voters to cast ballots. This program's success exemplifies the power of young people to determine the future of their communities and countries via education and engagement, and it demonstrates the relevance of these factors in building a healthy and vibrant democracy.

Incidence and prevalence of 121 rare diseases in China: Current status and challenges: 2022 revision.

The current study updated data on the incidence and prevalence of 121 rare diseases listed in China's First List of Rare Diseases to provide rationales and references for the development and promotion of rare-disease-related policies. The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the Rare Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Guide (2019) (denoted here as China's Rare Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Guide). Then 121 diseases were registered with the national rare disease diagnosis and treatment network. The incidence/prevalence of 121 rare diseases varied from country to country. Data are available for a total of 76 rare diseases (76 of 121 rare diseases, 62.81%) in China, including data on the incidence of 23 rare diseases (19.01%) and data on the prevalence of 66 (54.55%). There are data on the incidence/prevalence of 112 rare diseases (112 of 121 rare diseases, 92.56%) at the global level, including data on the incidence of 86 rare diseases (71.07%) and data on the prevalence of 91 (75.21%). On average, the incidence of progressive muscular dystrophies, hyperphenylalaninemia, citrullinemia, and methylmalonic acidemia is over 1/10,000 in China. The prevalence of coronary artery ectasia, congenital scoliosis, retinitis pigmentosa, severe congenital neutropenia, congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, and osteogenesis imperfecta is over 1/10,000 in China. All of these figures are beyond the cut-off of 1/10,000 according to the 2021 definition of rare diseases in China. As registration and investigation of rare diseases continues, the spectrum of rare diseases in some provinces is expanding. Diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, hepatolenticular degeneration, hemophilia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and multiple sclerosis are relatively prevalent in some regions and cities of China. Registration efforts promote the correction of incidence/prevalence data, development of orphan drugs, coverage by medical insurance, and development of clinical and diagnostic pathways.

Factors Affecting Roadkills of Semi-Aquatic Mammals.

Simple SummarySemiaquatic mammal roadkill, specifically the European beaver, Eurasian otter, American mink and muskrat was analyzed in Lithuania in the period 2002–2021. From almost 40,000 recorded roadkill cases for all species, these species were registered 60, 22, 26 and 3 times, respectively, thus being rare events. Registered beaver roadkill numbers correlated with an increased registration effort and traffic intensity, while otter roadkill correlated with a registration effort only, and mink roadkill correlated with an increased population (estimated through its proxy and the number of hunted individuals per year). The roadkill was not always in close proximity to waterbodies, with 38–54% of roadkill of these species occurring over 200 m from the nearest water source. With the American mink and muskrat being invasive species in the EU and the Eurasian otter protected in many countries, it could be considered valuable to enhance the registrations of their roadkill (using targeted efforts by drivers, hunters or other citizen scientists) in order to obtain the extrapolated amount of roadkill and to use this knowledge in species management.We previously showed that registration efforts and traffic intensity explain 90% of variation in mammal roadkill numbers, 70% of variation in the numbers of recorded species and 40% of diversity variation. Here we analyze semiaquatic mammal roadkill in Lithuania in 2002–2021, relating these to the monitoring effort. From 39,936 analyzed roadkill, the European beaver (Castor fiber) was registered 60 times, American mink (Neovison vison) 26 times, otter (Lutra lutra) 22 times and muskrat (Ondatra zibethica) 3 times. The average roadkill indexes were 0.000065, 0.00076, 0.00061 and 0.00010 ind./km/day, and the extrapolated annual roadkill for the country was 44–357, 36–456, 49–464 and 89–144 individuals, respectively. Beaver roadkill numbers correlated with the registration effort and traffic intensity, otter roadkill with registration effort only and mink with hunting bag (number of hunted individuals per year). Roadkill was not always related to proximity to water, with 38–54% of roadkill occurring over 200 m from the nearest water source. With American mink and muskrat being invasive species in the EU and otter protected in many countries, it is valuable to enhance the registrations of their roadkill (using targeted efforts by drivers, hunters or other citizen scientists) to obtain the extrapolated amount of roadkill and to use this knowledge in species management.

Undocumented donors: how driver's licenses can help solve the U.S. organ shortage.

In 2013, Illinois enacted a new law (SB 957) to allow undocumented motorists to acquire Temporary Visitor Driver's Licenses (TVDLs). We explored the impact of this legislation on organ donor registration in the state. Using Freedom of Information Act requests, we obtained the Illinois TVDL and general adult driver's license applicant organ donation statistics for the last 3 years from the Illinois Secretary of State. We found that between 2017 and 2019, TVDLs directly resulted in 91,720 newly registered organ donors. This group registered as organ donors at rates significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the general population. In the 3 years studied, only 7.3% of general driver's license registrants became new organ donor registrants, while TVDL drivers signed up at an average rate of 44.9%. TVDLs resulted in a significant increase in registered organ donors. Similar policies implemented nationwide could increase donor registrations substantially. In addition, this finding among a population largely of Latin American origin may suggest strategies for future organ donor registration efforts globally.

An examination of teenagers' beliefs toward organ donor registration.

Teenagers represent a promising target population for organ donor registration efforts, as in the US teenagers age 15-17 may register their intent for organ donation, which later translates to consent at age 18. However, teenagers constitute a relatively understudied population in the organ donation literature. A sample of teenagers (N=466) ranging in age from 13 to 19 was recruited from driver's education schools in Ohio and Michigan in order to learn more about their perceived reasons for and against registering as an organ donor. A coding scheme was developed, and responses were coded by two trained coders. In line with previous work in adult samples, our results revealed the three most common reasons for registering were prosocial benefits, rational arguments, and personal experience. In contrast to previous work among adults, the two most common reasons for not registering were bodily integrity and religious reasons. Several novel beliefs among teenagers that were both supportive and non-supportive of organ donor registration were identified. Findings from the current study are discussed with an emphasis on implications for practitioners working to promote organ donor registration among teenage audiences.

Estimating the effect of focused donor registration efforts on the number of organ donors.

Waiting times for organs in the United States are long and vary widely across regions. Donor registration can increase the number of potential donors, but its effect on the actual number of organ transplants depends upon several factors. First among these factors is that deceased donor organ donation requires both that death occur in a way making recovery possible and that authorization to recover organs is obtained. We estimate the potential donor death rate and donor authorization rate conditional on potential donor death by donor registration status for each state and for key demographic groups. With this information, we then develop a simple measure of the value of a new donor registration. This combined measure using information on donor authorization rates and potential death rates varies widely across states and groups, suggesting that focusing registration efforts on high-value groups and locations can significantly increase the overall number of donors. Targeting high-value states raises 26.7 percent more donors than a uniform, nationwide registration effort. Our estimates can also be used to assess alternative, but complementary, policies such as protocols to improve authorization rates for non-registered potential donors.

Peran Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Pendaftaran Indikasi Geografis

Indonesia is a country rich in biological natural resources which is spread throughout the region, including the Riau Islands Province. Geographical location surrounded by almost 90% (ninety percent) of the sea area, it indirectly indicates the potential of Geographical Indications that are spread in 7 (seven) districts/ cities in Riau Islands. Directorate General of Intellectual Property through the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights has committed to continue to explore the IG potential in each region determined through the Annual Performance Target. IG legal protection can only be given if an item or product has been registered, for example "Sagu Lingga" which has just been declared as one of the IG products. The registration of “Sagu Lingga” is inseparable from the role of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Riau Islands in collaboration with the Lingga Regency Government and Indonesian Sagu Empowerment Association of Lingga.&#x0D; From the results of research in the field, in an effort to register potential IG Products in Riau Islands Province, the Role of the Kemenkumham Kepri Regional Office since the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications has not been running optimally, where the form of efforts carried out is still limited to inventory, coordination with local governments and supervision of IG products. This is caused by the existence of several constraints caused by several factors including Legal Factors, Law Enforcement Factors, Means and Infrastructure Factors, Community Factors and also Cultural Factors. Whereas the IG registration effort should aim to establish legal certainty and increase the economic value of a product that has an impact on the welfare of the community. This is what then makes researcher interested in pouring it in the form of research. All information was carried out by unstructured interviews, observations and document studies where sample selection was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The research method used is a sociological juridical research method.

Drivers and barriers of permission-based marketing

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the motivating and dissuading factors, which develop consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual model is proposed and validated by following the various studies on mobile and email marketing. A survey of 325 respondents was conducted in the Mumbai city, out of which 271 survey questionnaires were deemed fit for analysis, representing 83.38 per cent response rate. The researcher has used structural equation modelling to test the causal relationships among the constructs. Findings The results of the study indicate that increase in personal relevant messages, perceived monetary incentives and perceived entertainment increases consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing, whereas increase in perceived registration effort decreases consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing. Furthermore, contrary to the existing literature, perceived consumer empowerment, perceived intrusiveness and perceived privacy issues have no significant relationship with the attitude towards permission marketing. The findings are based on a particular region in India, so it may be different from previous studies. Research limitations/implications The study uses a self-reported measure to collect the data through email, and a printed copy of the questionnaire was circulated. Also, the method of sample selection was not random. These two aspects could limit the generalizability of the results. Practical implications The research can assist the companies going for promotions through mobile and internet. It provides important findings, which can help them to formulate better promotional strategies. Originality/value Fewer research studies have been done to examine the motivating and dissuading factors developing consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing, therefore, the present research is conducted. After intensely reviewing the available literature, the factors were carefully chosen.

PELANGI: INOVASI PELAYANAN AKTA KELAHIRAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

One form of bureaucratic reform in public services is to bring innovation. Since 2015 the city of Banda Aceh has implemented innovations in birth certificate services, by presenting PELANGI (direct servants). Pelangi is a mechanism for making birth certificates based on a mobile car with a proactive system. Department of Population and Civil Registration of the city of Banda Aceh visited villages in Banda Aceh City and provided birth certificate registration services on-site. The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation of the "Pelangi" program and the extent to which the program was able to increase ownership of birth certificates in the city of Banda Aceh. The research method chosen is descriptive qualitative. With the hope of being able to answer in more detail related to Department of Population and Civil Registration's efforts in increasing the ownership of birth certificates for residents of the city of Banda Aceh through the innovation of the Pelangi. The key informants in this study came from officers and leadership elements of the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Banda Aceh and village officials who were partners. While data collection techniques are obtained through observations, interviews and documentations. Data analysis technique is done by reducing data, presentation and verification. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Pelangi innovation in the city of Banda Aceh based on a mobile car has become one of the innovations that is able to increase the number of birth certificate ownership in the city of Banda Aceh.

The registration continuum in clinical science: A guide toward transparent practices.

Clinical scientists can use a continuum of registration efforts that vary in their disclosure and timing relative to data collection and analysis. Broadly speaking, registration benefits investigators by offering stronger, more powerful tests of theory with particular methods in tandem with better control of long-run false positive error rates. Registration helps clinical researchers in thinking through tensions between bandwidth and fidelity that surround recruiting participants, defining clinical phenotypes, handling comorbidity, treating missing data, and analyzing rich and complex data. In particular, registration helps record and justify the reasons behind specific study design decisions, though it also provides the opportunity to register entire decision trees with specific endpoints. Creating ever more faithful registrations and standard operating procedures may offer alternative methods of judging a clinical investigator's scientific skill and eminence because study registration increases the transparency of clinical researchers' work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Correcting for artifactual correlation between misreported month of birth and attained height-for-age reduces but does not eliminate measured vulnerability to season of birth in poorer countries

ABSTRACTBackgroundHeight-for-age z-scores (HAZ) are associated with month of birth (MOB) in many nutrition surveys, but that link could be an artifactual result of measurement error in child birthdates.ObjectiveWe corrected estimates of the associations between HAZ and MOB for a common type of age misreporting, to measure the remaining seasonality in HAZ and identify country characteristics associated with vulnerability to seasonal changes in early life.DesignWe used nationally representative repeated cross-sections from all available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), totaling 1,363,806 children from 218 surveys in 72 countries over 1986–2016, to estimate the seasonal patterns in HAZ by MOB within each survey. Then, we corrected these estimates for each survey's random errors in recorded birth month implied by differences in attained height between children reported as born in December of one year versus January of the next. Indicators of seasonal variation between other months were modeled as functions of national-level incomes using linear regression, and visualizations were constructed using nonparametric local polynomial smoothing regressions.ResultsOver all surveys, misreporting MOB accounted for about one-eighth of the gap in attained height between the worst and best months to be born, which averaged 0.41 HAZ in the raw data and 0.34 HAZ after correction for age misreporting. A linear correction reduced apparent seasonality of HAZ by MOB in 49 of 72 countries, and the remaining nonartifactual differences by season of birth were larger in countries with lower average income per capita.ConclusionsMeasurement error in child MOB helps to explain the association between attained height and seasonal variation in early life environments, but significant seasonality in HAZ by MOB remains in many poor countries. Higher national income is associated with smoother outcomes across birth months, and birth registration efforts would improve nutrition research.

Cancer collection efforts in the United States provide clinically relevant data on all primary brain and other CNS tumors

Cancer surveillance is critical for monitoring the burden of cancer and the progress in cancer control. The accuracy of these data is important for decision makers and others who determine resource allocation for cancer prevention and research. In the United States, cancer registration is conducted according to uniform data standards, which are updated and maintained by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Underlying cancer registration efforts is a firm commitment to ensure that data are accurate, complete, and reflective of current clinical practices. Cancer registries ultimately depend on medical records that are generated for individual patients by clinicians to record newly diagnosed cases. For the cancer registration of brain and other CNS tumors, the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States is the self-appointed guardian of these data. In 2017, the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States took the initiative to promote the inclusion of molecular markers found in the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System into information collected by cancer registries. The complexities of executing this latest objective are presented according to the cancer registry standard-setting organizations whose collection practices for CNS tumors are directly affected.

Why the Vote Wasn't Enough for Selma by Karlyn Forner

Reviewed by: Why the Vote Wasn't Enough for Selma by Karlyn Forner Camille Walsh Why the Vote Wasn't Enough for Selma. By Karlyn Forner. (Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press, 2017. Pp. xx, 350. Paper, $27.95, ISBN 978-0-8223-7005-5; cloth, $99.95, ISBN 978-0-8223-7000-0.) Selma, Alabama, has been a defining symbolic location for twentieth-century U.S. history, as most recently memorialized in the popular film Selma (2014). Yet as Karlyn Forner deftly shows in her book Why the Vote Wasn't Enough for Selma, these snapshots of the city as a timeless icon of the civil rights movement run the risk of oversimplifying the long history of struggle before and after 1965. More crucially, Selma as symbol nourishes a triumphalist narrative of the civil rights movement as past rather than present and erases the decades of political exclusion and economic dispossession that continued long after the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In the spirit of several historical works over the past decade that have complicated understandings of the unfinished work of economic transformation in the civil rights movement, this book highlights the resilience of communities both in the city and on the farms of Dallas County in the Alabama black belt that historically linked many black families to the region. Drawing on a rich array of sources from local and state agencies, personal papers, government minutes and census records, oral histories, personal interviews, and newspapers and organizational pamphlets, Forner provides the reader with a complex story and a clear, powerful narrative. Because Forner focuses so consciously on a sense of place, the reader is able to watch over decades as black tenant farmers were gradually forced off their land through intertwined systems of racial and economic control at the local, state, and national levels. Forner exposes the complex tools with which white supremacy operated over the twentieth century to ensure that black Alabamians bore the brunt of economic hardship in a geographic area in which black people had long outnumbered white people. She traces these processes as they circled back to each other, including the better-known histories of the Great Depression, the boll weevil outbreak, and the New Deal agricultural policies that often benefited white landowners at the expense of black tenant farmers, as well as the interwoven stories of agricultural extension officials, consolidated livestock farming, anti-union intimidation, the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, and the systematic targeting of any black leader who spoke in favor of economic justice. [End Page 231] Forner traces the experiences of local leaders and groups in Selma and Dallas County through the demographic and economic shifts during and after both world wars, showing how these major global events solidified particular kinds of black community organizing as well as specific types of white supremacist opposition. The roles played by the farm bureau and the chamber of commerce receive as much attention as the state and national Democratic Party, speaking to the important historiographical trend of focusing on local processes and systems in addition to national politics and parties. Forner also emphasizes the mounting frustration over decades of Jim Crow segregation and the cold, casual brutality of white economic control, as the community came together to respond to black men brought to trial before all-white juries, to create a petition to desegregate Selma's schools the year after Brown v. Board of Education (1954), and to provide political education on the theft of labor to Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) antipoverty organizers. By the time Forner's story reaches SNCC's voter registration efforts, Bloody Sunday, and the march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965, the reader has a clear understanding of how and why the voting rights movement reached its peak in Selma—and also why it was never just about the vote. Camille Walsh University of Washington Bothell Copyright © 2019 The Southern Historical Association

The East–West late lumen loss study: Comparison of angiographic late lumen loss between Eastern and Western drug-eluting stent study cohorts

Regulatory decisions approving new coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) require mechanistic observations of angiographic late lumen loss (LLL). Patient safety and device approval times could be enhanced if angiographic follow-up data were found to be generalizable across jurisdictions and geographies. The objectives were to assess the comparability of in-segment LLL in Eastern and Western DES populations using the world's largest compilation of follow-up quantitative coronary angiography data. Data from 4 manufacturers involving 29 DES clinical trials in Eastern and Western hemispheres were compiled. "East" and "West" cohorts were defined by trial location. Independent core laboratories quantified in-segment LLL for all studies. East and West were compared before and after adjustment for clinical and anatomic covariates known to correlate with LLL via conditioning on propensity score quintiles. An international panel of experts and regulators prospectively established a clinically meaningful difference between East and West mean in-segment LLL of ±0.40 mm. The data set comprised 2,047 East and 4,456 West patients. Unadjusted mean ± SD for West and East in-segment LLL (mm) was 0.25 ± 0.46 and 0.12 ± 0.42, respectively (difference 0.13 mm; 95% CI 0.11-0.16). Propensity score-adjusted in-segment LLL East and West least squares means were 0.11 and 0.26 mm, respectively (difference 0.15 mm; 95% CI 0.13-0.18). In the world's largest compilation of DES protocol 8- to 13-month angiographic follow-up data, clinically meaningful comparability of in-segment LLL by independent core laboratory quantitative coronary angiography in East and West cohorts was demonstrated in both unadjusted and adjusted comparisons. These findings suggest that DES LLL, once characterized, could be generalized across regulatory jurisdictions over the course of global registration efforts.