Registration Authorities Research Articles

Blockchain-assisted full-session key agreement for secure data sharing in cloud computing

Data sharing in cloud computing allows multiple data owners to freely share their data resources while security and privacy issues remain inevitable challenges. As a foundation of secure communication, authenticated key agreement (AKA) scheme has been recognized as a promising approach to solve such problems. However, most existing AKA schemes are based on the cloud-based architecture, privacy and security issues will inevitably occur once the centralized authority is attacked. Besides, most previous schemes require an online registration authority for authentication, which may consume significant resources. To address these drawbacks, for secure data sharing in cloud computing, a blockchain-assisted full-session key agreement scheme is proposed. After the registration phase, the registration authority does not engage in authentication and key agreement process. By utilizing blockchain technology, a common session key between the remote user and cloud server can be negotiated, and a shared group key among multiple remote users can be negotiated without private information leakage. Formal and informal security proof demonstrated the proposed scheme is able to meet the security and privacy requirements. The detail performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme has lower computation costs and acceptable communication overheads while superior security is ensured.

Land Registration using Blockchain Technology.

Land registration authorities face frequently criticism for the alleged mismanagement or manipulation the land records across various nations. Pakistan, out particular, grapples with the heightened susceptibility the falsification and corruption its property records due to economic challenges. This vulnerability results of conflicting claims of authority over specific parcels of land. consolidation of the data further exacerbates this susceptibility to the security threats. A land administration system (LAS) is the structured framework designed to the govern of management of land resources in a specific region or country. However, LAS faces challenges like the inefficiencies, of a lack of transparency, and the susceptibility to fraud. Digitization of land records improved efficiency but failed to address manipulation, centralized databases, and the double-spending issues. Traditional lease and mortgage management systems also suffer from complexity, errors, and a lack of real-time validation. At present, a significant influx of land transactions produces substantial data, classifiable as big data due to the constant minute-to the-minute occurrences like the land transfers, acquisitions, document verification, and leasing/mortgaging transactions. In that context, we present the Blockchain-driven system that not only tackles alteration and double-spending issues in atraditional systems but also a implements distributed data and management. Current state-of-the-art solutions do not fully incorporate crucial features of the Blockchain, such as transparency, prevention of double-spending, auditability, immutability, and user and their participation. To the tackle this problem, this the research introduces a comprehensive Blockchain-powered framework for the lease and the mortgage management, addressing transparency, user and their involvement, and the double-spending the prevention. Unlike existing solutions, ourused framework integrates the key Blockchain characteristics for the holistic approach. Through their practical use cases and involving property owners, banks, and financial institutions, they establish a secure, distributed, transparent method for the property financing

FogSec: A secure and effective mutual authentication scheme for fog computing

SummaryAs opposed to cloud servers, fog servers, and fog users may be malicious, so developing a mutual identity‐preserving authentication mechanism between them is a crucial and difficult problem in fog computing. Such a technique must conceal the user's true identity from the adversary; otherwise, the adversary will be able to determine which fog user and fog server are in communication. This article suggests a secure and reliable anonymous mutual authentication system for use at the network's edge between fog users and fog servers. With the aid of the registration authority (RA) in our system, they can verify one another and decide on a new session key that will be used to encrypt messages throughout the session. Fog users don't need to re‐register with RA to wander freely over the network and authenticate to any fog server that is within their range. The proposed technique only needs a small number of symmetric encryption/decryption and one‐way hash functions, making it easy to implement for fog‐user devices with limited resources. The new scheme's performance is evaluated in comparison to the existing one, showing that it is more resilient to various types of assaults (such as known plaintext attacks, man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, session hijacking, etc.). The widely used Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool is used to verify the proposed system. The outcomes demonstrate that our approach can safely withstand different attacks and accomplish the desired outcomes. Additionally, the proposed method is tested in real‐world scenarios with the NS3 simulator.

Problems of registration of acts of civil status of Ukrainians abroad who left during martial law in Ukraine

Acts of civil status are actions and events that occur and initiate, change, supplement or terminate inextricably linked to an individual and the possibility of being a subject of civil rights and obligations.
 The State Register of Civil Status Acts must include the following information: birth; adoption; deprivation and restoration of parental rights; marriage registration; divorce; change of name; and death of an individual. The authorized bodies empowered to carry out state civil registration are the state civil registration authorities (central executive body in the field of state civil registration, state civil registration departments of the Main Department of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, main departments of justice in regions, cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol, district, district in cities, city (cities of regional significance), city and district departments of justice).
 A vital record is a state document issued by an authorized body to carry out state registration of civil status acts, which contains personal information about a person and confirms the fact of such an action or event.
 Over the past two years, the state has significantly simplified the state registration of civil status acts. In particular, it is now possible to submit an application for marriage registration through the Unified State Web Portal of Electronic Services (Diia Portal), and if one of the spouses is a military officer, state registration of marriage can be conducted by the civil registry offices without the personal participation of such a bride or groom, and state registration of civil status acts can be conducted in diplomatic missions.
 The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has provoked an unprecedented flow of Ukrainians who were forced to flee Ukraine abroad as a result of the fighting. According to the Ombudsman of Ukraine, as of 2022, 14.5 million Ukrainians have left the country. The exact figures are being investigated.
 However, many citizens abroad face problems with state registration of civil status acts in diplomatic missions, which makes it impossible for them to fully exercise their right.

PROBLEMS OF CIVIL REGULATION OF THE USE OF DIGITAL RIGHTS IN VENTURE INVESTMENT

The purpose of the research. The article examines the features of the legal regulation of the circulation of utilitarian digital rights in Russia in the field of venture investment in order to identify ways to intensify the use of this tool to attract financing for innovative projects. Results. An analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the circulation of digital rights was carried out, and it was concluded that the potential for using these assets in venture investment is not realized in practice, since the law prohibits the issuance and circulation of utilitarian digital rights that establish the obligation to transfer property subject to state registration. In particular, this entails the impossibility of issuing utilitarian digital rights tied to the transfer of rights to objects of patent law. It is noted that there are currently infrastructure solutions that in the future may serve as the basis for expanding the use of digital rights in venture investment, if legal barriers are eliminated and in the case of mandatory connection to the information system in which the issuance of utilitarian digital rights is carried out, authorized registration bodies and legislative regulation of the procedure for the exchange of information between participants in such a system and registration authorities. It is concluded that in the field of intellectual property, the RCIS.RF system could serve as an organizational and technological basis for the implementation of these proposals, subject to the removal of legal barriers.

E-Satisfaction of Pakistani e-NADRA Website Using System Usability Scale (SUS) Evaluation

The current study attempted to evaluate how customers perceive and interact with the 'Pak identity service' offered by the “National Database and Registration Authority” (NADRA). The study specifically aimed to assess the citizens' opinions about the lately introduced e-government service, Pak-identity, in terms of its user-friendliness, adaptation, and artistry. A quantitative approach was employed by using a questionnaire-based survey in order to identify the factors that influence customer e-loyalty. This approach helps to gain insights into how citizens perceive and behave towards this service. The study collected responses from a sample of 25 individuals through random sampling technique to ensure that it aligns with the study's objectives. Additionally, certain measures were taken to ensure the credibility and validity of the scale used in this research. The current study holds a unique position in the context of evaluating e-services in the country. It focused on the attributes related to the quality of web services provided to citizens, with the ultimate goal of enhancing their adoption and acceptance within society.

Application of Notarial Deed in E-Commerce Transaction

The development of times and technology in the digitalization era is currently happening so rapidly, especially developments in the digital world. The development of technology has a significant impact on various aspects of human life. One of the aspects affected is in the legal field, especially in the field of Cyber notary. One of the options for service facilities related to information development is electronic transactions. Along with technological advances, there are still those who do not know and fully understand the notary profession in conducting electronic transactions. The need to adjust to the dynamics of society regarding the application of electronic notaries (e-Notary) in conducting electronic transactions (e-Commerce). Starting from this, the question arises: How does a notary implement an electronic agreement?. This research was conducted using normative legal research methods that are descriptive analytical in nature. The research data sources collected and used are reviewing and analyzing secondary data by understanding the law as a device or positive norms in the legislative system that regulates the norms of human life. Data collection techniques with steps to research, review and systematically process existing library materials based on law as norms or regulations in the legislative system that regulate human behavior and life. as well as related documents. The data analysis technique used is library research which is presented descriptively. Based on this research, the role of Notary in implementing the agreement is actually carried out in line with the authority given. Notary authority is the power granted by law to Notaries to make authentic deeds and other powers in accordance with Article 15 of the Notary Office Law, which concerns two things, namely certification (Certification Authority) and authentication (Registration Authority) in electronic transactions. The regulation can be reviewed from the ITE Law (Electronic Transaction Information Law) as a legal standing for the application of e-Notary in conducting electronic transactions.

The Procedure for the Exercise by Parents of the Right and Obligation to Determine the Surname of the Child and its Change

Introduction. The article discusses the features of the exercise by parents of the right and obligation to determine the name of the child and its change, which are included in the list of personal non-property rights and obligations of parents, evasion of which may lead to deprivation of parental rights. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was philosophical methodology (dialectical method of cognition), general scientific methodology (modeling, logical analysis) and private methodology (comparative legal method, method of interpretation of law). Results. It is determined that the exercise of the right and the fulfillment of the obligation by parents to determine the name of the child takes place when registering the birth of the child. The authority of the father depends on the state of marriage with the mother of the child and the presence or absence of the will to establish paternity on a voluntary basis. In connection with the admission of registration of the birth of a child at the request of other persons, the authority of parents to determine the name of the child should be interpreted broadly. Parents should take steps to register the child’s birth with the civil registration authorities. The change of the child’s surname may take place after the registration of the child’s birth, but before the child reaches the age of sixteen. The procedure for such a change, the conditions that must be observed to change the surname, depend on a number of facts – the family legal status of the parent, the presence or absence of the will of both parents, the age of the child, the presence or absence of the consent of the child who has reached the age of ten. Discussion and Conclusion. Parents exercise the right and obligation to determine the child’s surname when registering the child’s birth with the civil registration authorities. After registering the birth of a child, a change in the child’s surname may take place if he has not reached the age of sixteen. Changing the surname of a child under the age of sixteen is the responsibility of the parents only in the event of a surname change by both parents. In cases where paternity is established on a voluntary basis, when submitting a joint application for registration of the establishment of paternity, the parents in the joint application exercise their right to determine the child’s surname, since the choice from the surnames of the parents is carried out regardless of the discretion of the law enforcement authorities. The powers of parents to change the name of the child are limited by the discretion of law enforcement authorities.

The Development of the Financing Leasing System in China

The development of the financing leasing system in China has been relatively slow. This paper primarily introduces the regulations on the financing leasing system by Article 388 of the Chinese Civil Code and related clauses. It addresses the characterization of ownership or security rights, as well as regulations on priority of rights, defective security responsibility, liability for damage to others, maintenance obligations, risk of destruction or loss, public notice, breach remedies, and right enforcement. Furthermore, this paper highlights the differences in regulatory frameworks for movable and immovable property financing leasing in China. Chinese law does not explicitly address issues related to immovable property financing leasing, as it focuses on the functionality of guarantees for movable property and rights due to the clear ownership registration authorities for immovable property, eliminating the issue of "hidden guarantees." Article 65 of the Interpretation of the Civil Code provides comprehensive regulations on the functionalization of financing leasing guarantees.

ICH M10 guideline - a harmonized global approach to bioanalysis

Bioanalytical methods are used in research on small-molecule and large-molecule drug products to determine analytes and their metabolites in biological matrices such as blood, plasma, serum, urine, feces, saliva, other biological fluids, or tissues. Validation of a bioanalytical method is the essential step before the implementation of the method into routine use in toxicokinetic or pharmacokinetic studies. Harmonization of recommendations for the validation of bioanalytical methods has been advocated for many years. In 2022, The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) finished the work on final version of the ICH M10 guideline, as a combination of four regional guidelines (American, European, Brazilian and Japanise). The document uniforms rules for the performance of the bioanalytical method validation and documentation of sample analysis from clinical and non-clinical studies in most countries around the world, which are submitted to registration authorities.

Improvement of organizational and technological support of cadastral works and interaction with cadastral registration authorities

The organizational, legal and technological problems of cadastral works on the preparation of documents provided for entering information about land plots and other real estate objects into the Unified State Register of Real Estate are revealed in this paper. The authors carried out a general analysis of the information exchange with the Rosreestr authorities during the interaction of participants of cadastral relations and proposed the ways to improve the activities of cadastral engineers in case of their interaction with the state registrar, that can increase the efficiency of cadastral works.

Registry errors in location of land borders and the method of their correction

All information about the characteristics of a particular property and the rights registered to it and encumbrances of rights is contained in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (EGRN). Inaccuracies in the information of the Unified Register of Real Estate can be identified both by the registration authority and by the owners of real estate. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the differentiation of errors (in the USRN data) into “technical” and “registry”. The article considers a technique for correcting a registry error in the location of the boundaries of a land plot using the example of a land plot located in a garage cooperative on the Gorky street, Progress, Amur Region, where it is proposed to carry out the necessary work aimed at making adjustments.

ИСТОЧНИКИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ НЕДВИЖИМОСТИ

The article analyzes the system of sources of legal regulation of state registration of immovable property. The division of legal acts as a special kind of sources of legal regulation of state registration of real estate into codified and uncodified has been studied. The sources of legal regulation of state registration of real estate include federal and regional legislation, by-laws of the Government of the Russian Federation, the system of orders of the Federal Register and the Ministry of Economic Development, judicial acts, explanations and analytical materials of the higher courts. The conclusion is substantiated that in the system of sources of legal regulation of state registration of real estate, a special place is occupied by the own practice of the accounting and registration authority.

Legal Problems The Implementation Of Credit Agreements With Fiduciary Guarantees

This look at targets to analyze the legal problems with the implementation of Credit Agreements, especially in relation to the credit using fiduciary guarantees as collateral. Financing institutions use Credit Agreements that are included in the Standard Agreement. Because credit is a business activity of financial institutions, in this case it is a bank, in order to achieve a national balance in distributing funds to the public. In carrying out its function, banks as financial institutions provide credit, therefore the provisions of the Guarantee Law are intended to help business activities both macro and micro, as well as create legal certainty for stakeholders. To achieve the goal of obtaining legal certainty regarding Credit Agreements with Fiduciary Guarantees, This study uses an empirical legal approach method, and the research specifications are descriptive analytical.This study produced a data, namely it was concluded that Fiduciary Guarantee is a form of guarantor by the debtor at his request, in order to guarantee the repayment of credit debts, movable objects become the object of guarantee in this study. The Supplementary Agreement or what is often referred to as the Accesoir of the Principal Credit Agreement can be guaranteed by the Fiduciary Guarantee, while the charge is made in the form of a notarized, by guaranteeing legal certainty so that it needs to be Register with the Trustee Registration Authority and apply for issuance of a Trustee Certificate to gain enforcement powers. The obstacle arises when defaulting by the debtor, with various causes and factors. Sometimes execution efforts are made to save credit that has been channeled by financing institutions, especially banks, but in practice there are many obstacles, including in executing the object of the guarantee that is not found, has changed hands or is controlled by others, so that execution in the form of auctioning fiduciary objects is difficult to do.

The Prevalence of Acceptable Quality of Women Herbal Products Sold Online in Malaysia

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of quality herbal products sold online in Malaysia. The quality of herbal products focuses on two specific issues which are the legality of the labelling on herbal products and microbial contamination in herbal products. Using keywords such as‘herbal products’, ‘jamu’, and ‘women herbal products’in Malaysian online stores, a total of 110herbal products were selected. Their labels were observed and analyzed. 90.1% of the selected products are registered and fulfilled the labelling guidelines as required by National Pharmaceutical Registration Authority (NPRA).We obtained 10 samples of the herbal products found for bacterial contamination analysis. Our results show thatall of the products contains gram-negative bacteria, but with anacceptablenumber of colony forming unit (CFU <107). It is also worth noting thatnone was contaminated with Escherichia coli, Salmonellasp.and Staphylococcusaureus.

ADOPTION OF THE LAND ADMINISTRATION DOMAIN MODEL IN MAKATI CITY, PHILIPPINES

Abstract. Land Administration is needed to provide sustainable development of a country as it is concerned with land tenure, use, value and development. The Philippines is challenged as it has multiple land agencies having different and redundant land administration systems. Initial initiatives to have a single land agency did not prosper but recently, two (2) major national land agencies: the Land Management Bureau and the Land Registration Authority are initializing land information system linkages and data sharing. Local government units (LGU) in the Philippines are also mandated to perform land administration functions. It covers functions related to land use, value, development, and partially with land tenure.The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) can be used in the improvement of the land administration system of a country. It has been adopted by several countries worldwide and has been a subject of many academic researches. However, only few researches were done related to the adoption of LADM in the Philippines. With this research, LADM was used to integrate the land administration system functions of an LGU, specifically the City of Makati, Philippines. The results show that LADM can be adopted in the study area. Adoption done by the researchers was limited to two-dimensional classes with proposed additional external classes not included in the original LADM.

Hrvatski jezik u normama Međunarodne organizacije za normizaciju

In the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) system, language codes and language names are defined within the ISO 639 standard. At present, the standard consists of five parts (ISO 639 1-5). Infoterm (International Information Centre for Terminology), an organization founded by UNESCO, is responsible for ISO 639-1. ISO 639-2 is the responsibility of the Registration Authority of the Library of Congress in Washington, and ISO 639-3 is the responsibility of SIL International from Dallas, also known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics. SIL International declares certain dialects and subsystems of the Croatian language to be separate Slavic languages, supposedly independent of Croatian, and reduces the scope of the Croatian language, as an individual language, merely to the Štokavian dialect of the modern Croatian standard language. At the same time, it constructs „the Serbo-Croatian macro language“ and encourages the return of this phantom creation as an entity. This paper examines the activities of the SIL International and its approach to the Croatian language. The goal is to identify problematic points and propose scientifically based solutions for them. The paper does not question whether the actions of SIL International are the result of miscommunication and coincidence, or whether they are perhaps a part of a planned action that aims to promote a new geopolitical realignment on our part of the European map, with a Serbo-Croatian shadow over it.

LightCert4IoTs: Blockchain-Based Lightweight Certificates Authentication for IoT Applications

These in recent days, the proliferation of the internet of things (IoT) within the emergence of five-generation (5G) networks has received a huge attention in both industrial and academic domains. A 5G network is a cornerstone of realizing the full potential of the IoT, which interconnects billions of devices wirelessly. However, wireless communication in IoT devices reveals tremendous security risks in different dimensions and precisely in the distribution of the user certificates. The existing X.509 PKI, or the proposed decentralized PKI based on blockchain solutions have lacked practicality, and continue to have security flaws, or have not yet gained widespread acceptance owing to complexity and deployment issues. We present a lightweight certificate in size (LightCert4IoTs) that is not issued by Certification Authorities (CAs) due to the cost and complexity of the assignment of a signed certificate. In LightCert4IoTs first, an end-user (i.e., mobile and IoT devices) issues a self-signed certificate and lets Local Registration Authorities (LRAs)/EDGE nodes to verify and validate the binding identity-self signed certificate of the users through the Ethereum blockchain where The Ethereum network is used as the global notary for the IoT light certificates by saving them in the blockchain immutable ledger. The LightCert4IoTs leverages the advantages of blockchain technology and smart contracts to address the existing challenges of PKI certificates in IoT devices, which neatly achieve certificate issuance, update, and revocation more securely and efficiently. Finally, the LightCert4IoTs experimental results show that LightCert, as compared to relevant solutions/baselines, achieves reasonable overheads and is suitable for use in low- constrained IoT devices where the memory and processor power are optimized.

Analysis of the activity of the Polish Office for Registration of Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Biocidal Products in the field of clinical trials, registration of medicinal products and monitoring of adverse drug reactions in 2017-2021

The Office for Registration of Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Biocidal Products (ORMP) is the state registration authority that grants the marketing authorization for medicinal products on the pharmaceutical market in Poland. ORMP is also involved in approving and controlling clinical trials and in safety of pharmacotherapy (pharmacovigilance) by collecting and analysing reports of adverse drug reactions (ADR). The aim of the study was to review the activity of ORMP in the field of 3 basic competences of this authority: clinical trials, registration of medicinal products and pharmacovigilance in the last 5 years. The evaluation was carried out by the method of document analysis on the basis of data contained in annual bulletins of medicinal products for the years 2017-2021 published by ORMP. In 2017-2021, an increasing trend of clinical trials submitted to ORMP was observed, and they were mainly in phase II and III. Most of the medicinal products introduced to the Polish pharmaceutical market in 2017-2021 were drugs prescribed by a doctor, registered in a decentralized procedure, used in diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular systems and in the treatment of cancer. A relatively low activity of ORMP in monitoring the safety of pharmacotherapy was demonstrated, which was a consequence of low activity of medical staff in the spontaneous ADR reporting. The conducted analysis confirmed the key role of ORMP in surveillance of clinical trials and introducing new medicinal products to the pharmaceutical market in Poland but also indicated the need for increased activity in the area of pharmacovigilance.

A Process Model to Enhance the Accuracy of Digital Forensic Investigations: A case of National Identification and Registration Authority (NIRA-Uganda)

The field of digital forensics has become commonplace due to the increasing prevalence of technology since the late 20th century and the inevitable relevance of this technology in the conducting of criminal activity. In traditional forensics, the evidence is generally something tangible that could identify the criminal, such as hair, blood or fingerprints. In contrast, digital forensics deals with files and data in digital form extracted from digital devices like computers, and phones, among other digital devices, meaning is derived from the fact that a computer or computerised device is the subject or object of crime. In this paper, we explore the challenges faced by the National Identification and Registration Authority (NIRA) digital forensic investigation and develop a process model that enhances the accuracy of digital forensic investigation. We adopted a mixed method approach of research involving qualitative, quantitative and experimental design. The study makes significant findings in areas of enhancement accuracy of digital forensic investigation by enumerating the processes that must be followed. As a recommendation for future work, for purposes of generalisation of the study findings, a wider study involving other security agencies such as the police should be conducted.