Cross-sectional Register-based Study Research Articles

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic prescription rates in out-of-hours primary care – a register-based study in Denmark

Background Antibiotic prescription rates can be affected by pandemic measures such as lockdowns, social distancing, and remote consultations in general practice. Therefore, such emergency states may negatively affect antimicrobial stewardship, specifically in out-of-hours (OOH) primary care. As contact patterns changed in the COVID-19 pandemic, it would be relevant to explore the impact on antimicrobial stewardship. Aim To study the impact of the pandemic on antibiotic prescription rates in OOH primary care, overall and per age group. Methods This cross-sectional register-based study used routine data from OOH primary care in the Central Denmark Region. We included all patient contacts in two equivalent time periods: pre-pandemic and pandemic period. The main outcome measure was defined as the number of antibiotic prescriptions per contact (antibiotic prescription rate). Results The overall antibiotic prescription rate decreased during the first year of the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (RR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.96–0.98). Likewise, the rate decreased for clinic consultations (RR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.62–0.64). However, an increase was seen for telephone consultations (RR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.70–1.76). The decline in clinic consultations was largest for consultations involving children aged 0–10 years (RR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.51–0.56). Conclusion Antibiotic prescription rates in Danish OOH primary care decreased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for young children. Prescription rates decreased in clinic consultations, whereas the rates increased in telephone consultations. Further research should explore if antibiotic prescription rates have returned to pre-pandemic levels, and if the introduction of video consultations has affected antibiotic prescription patterns in OOH primary care.

General practice variation in peptic ulcer prophylaxis: a nationwide register-based study

Background Incidence of peptic ulcer bleeding can be substantially reduced by prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients at risk, but use of PPI varies among risk patients, and substantial under-prescribing may exist. The variation in prophylactic prescribing among general practices remains unknown. Methods A nationwide register-based cross-sectional study analyzing the proportion of patients at risk of ulcer bleeding receiving PPI treatment within Danish general practices. Using logistic regression, we analyze associations between general practice characteristics and prophylactic treatment among patients at risk of ulcer bleeding listed with the general practice. Results In most general practices, less than 40% of the patients at increased risk of ulcer bleeding were covered by PPI. Geographical variation was present, where practice location outside the capital area was associated with higher odds of PPI coverage among their risk patients. Partnership practices with GPs with a mean age ≥65 years or with only female GPs were associated with higher odds of providing prophylaxis among their risk patients compared to practices with a mean GP age <45 years or with only male GPs. Similar associations were not found for single-handed practices. Conclusions A significant under-prescribing of ulcer prophylaxis is common across all general practice characteristics, and only few associations with practice characteristics were present. Most efforts to rationalize PPI prescribing have aimed at reducing overprescribing but the findings point to under-prescribing as a problem as well. Development of new methods to assist GPs in identifying individuals at risk of ulcer complications is needed.

Urban-rural and socio-economic differences in inhaled corticosteroid treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide register-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundUrban-rural disparities within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been documented in USA, but not in Europe. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in COPD despite strict recommendations. We aimed to investigate urban-rural and socioeconomic differences in ICS treatment for COPD. MethodsA Danish nationwide register-based cross-sectional study. All patients alive on the December 31, 2018 with a J44 ICD-10 diagnosis code (COPD) were included (99,057 patients). Daily average ICS dose was calculated from the accumulated ICS use during 2018 based on redeemed prescriptions. Patients were divided into groups: No ICS, low dose ICS, medium dose ICS, high dose ICS. A multinomial logistic regression model including educational level, co-habitation status, age, and sex was performed with “No ICS” as reference group. ResultsCompared to capital municipalities, living in other municipality types was associated with an increased probability of receiving medium and high dose ICS treatment, and increasing odds ratios (ORs) were seen with increasing ICS dose (medium dose ICS: ORs between 1.31 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.38) and 1.35 (95%CI 1.28–1.41), high dose ICS: ORs between 1.73 (95%CI 1.59–1.88) and 1.80 (95%CI 1.68–1.92)). Patients had increased probability of receiving ICS treatment if they were female, were co-habiting, or had completed only primary education. ConclusionPatients with a hospital-registered COPD diagnosis in non-capital municipalities receive more ICS, and in higher doses, compared to patients in capital municipalities. This is the first study to confirm that such urban-rural differences exist in Europe, and further research on this area is warranted.

Prevalence of high-risk HPV and cervical dysplasia in IUD users and controls: a cross sectional study

Objective To examine the prevalence of infections with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical dysplasia, and the clearance rate of HPV infections, in users of different kinds of intrauterine devices (IUDs) and other contraceptive methods. Methods A cross-sectional register-based study including 16,181 women aged 30–49 years participating in the screening programme for cervical cancer in a Swedish County in 2017–2018. Data on contraception from screening records was paired with the HPV test results, cytological and histological follow-up tests and subsequent HPV test. Results There was no difference in the risk of being HPV positive, or histological HSIL+, between users of copper-containing IUDs and women with no reported use of contraception. Use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system and hormonal contraception were associated with higher odds for HPV infection in age-adjusted models (aOR 1.21; 95% CI 1.04–1.41, and aOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.22–1.63, respectively) and for HSIL+ (aOR 1.45; 95% CI 1.02–2.06, and aOR 1.56; 95% CI 1.13–2.16, respectively). No significant differences were found in HPV clearance rates. Conclusions Reported use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system and hormonal contraception, but not use of copper IUD, was associated with a higher prevalence of HPV infections and histological HSIL + compared to no reported use of contraception.

Burden of selected chronic non-communicable diseases in a primary healthcare setting in Nuuk, Greenland, compared to a Danish suburb

Introduction Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) constitute a massive global burden and are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Greenland, the prevalence of NCDs has historically been low. However, during the past approximately 70 years, life circumstances have changed dramatically resulting in increased life expectancy. Today, the proportion of inhabitants in Greenland ≥65 years has nearly tripled since the 1980s, and the prevalence of obesity and diabetes has increased rapidly within the past decades. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of selected NCDs in a primary care setting in Nuuk and compare it to a modern westernized suburban general practice in Denmark. Methods The study was performed as a cross sectional register-based study using data extracted from the electronic medical records (EMR) based on diagnosis codes from inhabitants living in Nuuk, Greenland, and a suburb in Denmark. Estimates of prevalence were age-standardized to the WHO world standard population. Results In both Nuuk and the Danish suburb, the highest prevalence was observed for hypertension (13.2% for both populations), followed by asthma (4.4 and 9.5%, respectively) and diabetes (4.3 and 2.9%, respectively). The age-standardized prevalences of diabetes, COPD, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, were significantly higher in Nuuk, while seven NCDs including asthma, ischemic heart disease, arthritis urica, psoriasis, hyperthyreosis, hypothyreosis and osteoporosis were significantly higher in the Danish suburb. Conclusion In contrast to the disease pattern observed in Greenland in the last century, the prevalence of diagnosed NCDs in Nuuk is no longer rare. Thus, the overall prevalence of NCDs in the population of Nuuk is now comparable to or even higher than in the suburb in Denmark. This calls for increased focus on all NCDs in the primary healthcare system in Greenland and adaption of the primary healthcare services to a changed disease spectrum.

Prevalence estimates of tuberculosis infection in adults in Denmark: a retrospective nationwide register-based cross-sectional study, 2010 to 2018.

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) elimination requires identifying and treating persons with TB infection (TBI).AimWe estimate the prevalence of positive interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) tests (including TB) and TBI (excluding TB) in Denmark based on TBI screening data from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD).MethodsUsing nationwide Danish registries, we included all patients with IBD or IRD with an IGRA test performed between 2010 and 2018. We estimated the prevalence of TBI and positive IGRA with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in adolescents and adults aged 15-64 years after sample weighting adjusting for distortions in the sample from the background population of Denmark for sex, age group and TB incidence rates (IR) in country of birth.ResultsIn 13,574 patients with IBD or IRD, 12,892 IGRA tests (95.0%) were negative, 461 (3.4%) were positive and 221 (1.6%) were indeterminate, resulting in a weighted TBI prevalence of 3.2% (95% CI: 2.9-3.5) and weighted positive IGRA prevalence of 3.8% (95% CI: 3.5-4.2) among adults aged 15-64 years in the background population of Denmark. Unweighted TBI prevalence increased with age and birthplace in countries with a TB IR higher than 10/100,000 population.ConclusionEstimated TBI prevalence is low in Denmark. We estimate that 200,000 persons have TBI and thus are at risk of developing TB. Screening for TBI and preventive treatment, especially in persons born in high TB incidence countries or immunosuppressed, are crucial to reduce the risk of and eliminate TB.

Allocation of Adult Day Care Services to Different User Groups: A Register-Based Cross-Sectional Study

The international policy of active ageing emphasises activities and social relations for long-term care recipients, for example through adult day care. Knowledge about who are allocated such services is, however, sparse. We aimed to investigate characteristics that contribute to determine allocation of adult day care for care recipients with and without dementia. This study selected all 250 687 individuals who received long-term care services on 31 December 2019 from the Norwegian Register for Primary Health Care. We added municipal level data from the Municipality-State-Reporting register and a national survey. Multilevel analyses comparing allocation of adult day care services to other services found that municipal clustering was around 20%. Care recipients who lived alone had higher odds of receiving adult day care, while the odds of receiving adult day care decreased as age increased. Disability level and gender were also significantly associated with allocation of adult day care, but in different directions for different user groups. As the unrestricted revenues of municipalities increased, the odds of allocating adult day care to people without dementia decreased. Other municipality characteristics did not significantly impact the allocation of adult day care. In conclusion, individual characteristics were more influential in allocation of adult day care than municipality characteristics, and the results uncovered clear differences between care recipients with and without dementia.

Sociodemographic and hospital characteristics for patients with severe functional disorder receiving specialized treatment at hospital. A regional register-based cross-sectional study from Denmark

Objective10% of all adult Danish citizen has a functional disorder (FD). This study aimed to describe how patients referred to specialized treatment (CFD; Clinic for Functional Disorders) differentiate from those not referred to specialized treatment in terms of sex, comorbidty, different types of hospital contacts and affiliation to labour market 12 and 60 months prior discharged from the hospital with a FD-diagnosis between 2019 and 2021. MethodsThe study was a register-based cross-sectional study of patients discharged with a FD in North Denmark Region between 2019 and 2021 (study period). Patients between 18 and 65 years of age with FD were identified in the regional patient administrative system. ResultsA total of 6831 patients were discharged from the hospital with a FD, of which 160 were referred to CFD. Patients with FD were more likely to be referred to CFD, if they were female, had reduced or no affiliation to the labour market or most hospital contacts were as outpatient. Moreover, an increase in hospital contacts as outpatient and a reduction in affiliation to labour market over time increased the chance of being treated at CFD. ConclusionPatients referred to CFD differed from patients not referred to CFD. Patients referred to CFD were to a lesser extent affiliated to the labour market but had more often hospital contacts as outpatient prior to being discharged with FD. In addition, patients referred to CFD increased their contacts to the hospital as outpatient more than those not referred during the preceding 5 years from discharge with FD.

Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database study of cataract surgery: report 11, techniques and complications of local anesthesia for cataract surgery in the United Kingdom.

To describe variation in local anesthesia techniques and complications over a 10-year period for cataract surgery in the United Kingdom. Reporting centers to the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) National Ophthalmology Database (NOD). Retrospective cross-sectional register-based study. Data from the RCOphth NOD were used. Eligible for analysis were 1 195 882 cataract operations performed using local anesthesia between April 1, 2010, and March 31, 2020, in 80 centers. Overall, topical anesthesia alone was used in 152 321 operations (12.7%), combined topical and intracameral in 522 849 (43.7%), sub-Tenon in 461 175 (38.6%), and peribulbar/retrobulbar in 59 537 (5.0%). In National Health Service (NHS) institutions, 48.3% of operations were topical with/without intracameral vs 88.7% in independent sector treatment centers (ISTCs). 45.9% were sub-Tenon in NHS vs 9.6% in ISTCs. 5.8% were peribulbar/retrobulbar in NHS vs 1.7% in ISTCs. Anesthetic complication rates decreased from 2.7% in the 2010 NHS year to 1.5% in the 2019 NHS year (overall, 2.1% for NHS; 0.2% for ISTCs). Overall anesthetic complication rates were 0.3%, 0.3%, 3.5%, and 3.1% for topical alone, combined topical/intracameral, sub-Tenon, and peribulbar/retrobulbar, respectively. Complication rates were higher for sharp-needle anesthesia (peribulbar/retrobulbar) in patients taking warfarin rather than direct oral anticoagulants (4.8% vs 3.1%; P = .024). Considerable variation was observed between centers on anesthetic choices and anesthetic complication rates. Combined topical and intracameral is the most common choice of anesthesia for cataract surgery in the United Kingdom and is associated with lower anesthetic-related complication rates than sub-Tenon and peribulbar/retrobulbar anesthesia. Variation in the anesthetic choice exists between centers and between NHS and ISTC sectors.

Income-based differences in healthcare utilization in relation to mortality in the Swedish population between 2004–2017: A nationwide register study

Background Despite universal healthcare, socioeconomic differences in healthcare utilization (HCU) persist in modern welfare states. However, little is known of how HCU inequalities has developed over time. The aim of this study is to assess time trends of differences in utilization of primary and specialized care for the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q5) income quantiles and compare these to mortality. Methods and findings Using a repeated cross-sectional register-based study design, data on utilization of (i) primary; (ii) specialized outpatient; and (iii) inpatient care, as well as (iv) cause of death, were linked to family income and sociodemographic control variables (for instance, country of origin and marital status). The study sample comprised all individuals 16 years or older residing in Sweden any year during the study period and ranged from 7.1 million in year 2004 to 8.0 million year 2017. HCU and mortality for all disease as well as for the 5 disease groups causing most deaths were compared for the Q1 and Q5 using logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, marital status, and birth country. The primary outcome measures were adjusted odds ratios (ORs), and regression coefficients of annual changes in these ORs log-transformed. Additionally, we conducted negative binominal regression to calculate adjusted rate ratios (RRs) comparing Q1 and Q5 with regard to number of disease specific healthcare encounters ≤5 years prior to death. In 2017, for all diseases combined, Q1 utilized marginally more primary and specialized outpatient care than Q5 (OR 1.07, 95% CI [1.07, 1.08]; p &lt; 0.001, and OR 1.04, 95% CI [1.04, 1.05]; p &lt; 0.001, respectively), and considerably more inpatient care (OR 1.44, 95% CI [1.43, 1.45]; p &lt; 0.001). The largest relative inequality was observed for mortality (OR 1.78, 95% CI [1.74, 1.82]; p &lt; 0.001). This pattern was broadly reproduced for each of the 5 disease groups. Time trends in HCU inequality varied by level of care. Each year, Q1 (versus Q5) used more inpatient care and suffered increasing mortality rates. However, utilization of primary and specialized outpatient care increased more among Q5 than in Q1. Finally, group differences in number of healthcare encounters ≤5 years prior to death demonstrated a similar pattern. For each disease group, primary and outpatient care encounters were fewer in Q1 than in Q5, while inpatient encounters were similar or higher in Q1. A main limitation of this study is the absence of data on self-reported need for care, which impedes quantifications of HCU inequalities each year. Conclusions Income-related differences in the utilization of primary and specialized outpatient care were considerably smaller than for mortality, and this discrepancy widened with time. Facilitating motivated use of primary and outpatient care among low-income groups could help mitigate the growing health inequalities.

Assessing the scientific quality and reliability of YouTube videos about chemotherapy.

No studies have evaluated the interaction, quality, and reliability of chemotherapy-related videos published on YouTube. The aim was to evaluate the content of YouTube videos about chemotherapy using 5 different scoring tools. In this cross-sectional register-based study, popular videos on YouTube about the following keywords were examined; "chemotherapy," "what is chemotherapy," "types of chemotherapy," "chemotherapy side effects" and "chemotherapy treatments." Quality and reliability of video content were measured using the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the Global Quality Score (GQS), the Video Information Quality Index (VIQI), and Health on the Net code (HONcode) scores. A total of 108 videos were analyzed in the study. The median duration was 200 (30-2020) seconds and the median total number of views was 17500 (61-8615000). Among the video publishers, private hospitals were the most (n = 36, 33%). The most (n = 71, 66%) populer category of videos were patient education videos. Half (n = 55, 51%) of the narrators in the videos were only oncology professionals. Mean DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, VIQI, and HONcode scores were 2.73 ± 1.18, 1.97 ± 1.05, 2.94 ± 1.08, 14.03 ± 3.73, and 4.68 ± 2.46, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the 5 scoring points (P < .001 for all pairwise comparisons). There was a significant difference between video quality scores according to video categories and video publishers (P < .001 for both). Although most YouTube videos about chemotherapy were helpful to patients, content quality and reliability were moderate-low. Cancer patients looking for information on chemotherapy may find YouTube videos beneficial, but clinicians must be cautious to clear up any misunderstandings.

Pain-related stigma in patients with breast, colon, prostate or lung cancer : Results of a bicentric register-based cross-sectional study

Studies on cancer patients show amoderately high relevance of perceived stigmatization. However, no studies have explored the perceived stigmatization in relation to cancer-associated pain. In this work, we analysed the relationship between pain and perceived stigmatization across alarge sample of four major cancer entities. Quantitative data of 858 patients (45.6% women, mean age 60.7years) with breast, bowel, lung and prostate cancer were evaluated in aregister-based, bicentric study. Perceived stigmatization was measured using the social impact cale (SIS-D), including atotal score and four subscales. Pain was assessed with the brief pain inventory (BPI). The data were analysed using correlation und multiple regression with various sociodemographic and medical predictors. Of all 858 cancer patients, those with lung and breast cancer were characterized by the greatest pain. The intensity of the pain was apredictor of the perceived stigma in patients with breast and colorectal cancer. In addition, younger age was also apredictor for perceived stigmatization. Agood quality of life resulted as aprotective factor. The final models showed ahigh goodness of the fit (corr. R2 > 0.35), except for the lung cancer patients. Our findings support the assumption that the experience of pain can have an impact on the perceived stigmatization of cancer patients. Depression might influence the perceived stigmatization. Therefore, this group of patients should receive special attention and psycho-oncological care in clinical practice. Further research on the course and mechanisms of action of pain-related perceived stigmatization is also required.

Glucose-lowering drug use in migrants and native Danes with type 2 diabetes: Disparities in combination therapy and drug types.

To examine disparities in glucose-lowering drug (GLD) usage between migrants and native Danes with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a nationwide, register-based cross-sectional study of 253 364 individuals with prevalent T2D on December 31, 2018, we examined user prevalence during 2019 of (i) GLD combination therapies and (ii) individual GLD types. Migrants were grouped by origin (Middle East, Europe, Turkey, Former Yugoslavia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Vietnam), and relative risk (RR) versus native Danes was computed using robust Poisson regression to adjust for clinical and socioeconomic characteristics. In 2019, 34.7% of native Danes received combination therapy, and prevalence was lower in most migrant groups (RR from 0.78, 95% confidence interval CI 0.71-0.85 [Somalia group] to 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.04 [former Yugoslavia group]). Among native Danes, the most widely used oral GLD was metformin (used by 62.1%), followed by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (13.3%), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (11.9%) and sulphonylureas (5.2%), and user prevalence was higher in most migrant groups (RR for use of any oral GLD: 0.99, 95% CI 0.97-1.01 [Europe group] to 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.11 [Sri Lanka group]). Furthermore, 18.7% of native Danes used insulins and 13.3% used glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), but use was less prevalent in migrants (RR for insulins: 0.66, 95% CI 0.62-0.71 [Sri Lanka group] to 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99 [Europe group]; RR for GLP-1RAs: 0.29, 95% CI 0.22-0.39 [Somalia group] to 0.95, 95% CI 0.89-1.01 [Europe group]). Disparities in GLD types and combination therapy were evident between migrants and native Danes. Migrants were more likely to use oral GLDs and less likely to use injection-based GLDs, particularly GLP-1RAs, which may contribute to complication risk and mortality among this group.

Patient-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Inclusion Body Myositis: A Register-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Germany.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a rare neuromuscular disease and the most prevalent idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) in patients aged older than 50 years. A systematic review has shown that no clear-cut conclusions can be drawn about the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health in IBM. We aimed to assess the HRQoL and mental health, to explore associated disease-related and socioeconomic factors as well as the utilization of psychological support in German IBM patients. This cross-sectional study included 82 patients registered in the German IBM patient registry. Patients had completed a survey battery including the EQ-5D-5L, the Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life (INQoL) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale German version (HADS-D). The physical HRQoL dimension was suggested to be most relevant. Most impaired life domains of HRQoL were mobility, independence, and activities. We identified significant differences in the total INQoL score for the degree of disability and care level as well as in depression for the degree of disability (p < 0.05), respectively. Most patients indicated no symptoms of anxiety (64.6%) and depression (62.2%). A more need-oriented psychological support in German IBM patients, reporting doubtful or definite anxiety or depression, could be suggested.

The influence of individual and municipality characteristics on allocation of long-term care services: a register-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundVariation in service allocation between municipalities may arise as a result of prioritisation. Both individual and societal characteristics determine service allocation, but previous literature has often investigated these factors separately. The present study aims to map variation in allocation of long-term care services and investigate the extent to which service allocation is associated with characteristics related to the individual care recipient and the municipality.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used register data from the Norwegian Registry for Primary Health Care on all 250 687 individuals receiving municipal health and care services in Norway on 31 December 2019. These individual level data were paired with municipal level data from the Municipality-State-Reporting register and information on the care models in Norwegian long-term care services, derived from a nationwide survey. Multilevel analyses were used to identify individual and municipal factors that were associated with allocation of home care, practical assistance and long-term stay in institutions.ResultsIn total, 164 634 people received home care services and 97 380 received practical assistance per 31 December 2019. Furthermore, 64 404 received both types of home-based services and 31 342 people had a long-term stay in an institution. Increased disability was strongly associated with being allocated more hours of home care and practical assistance, as well as allocation of a long-term institutional stay. The amount of home care and practical assistance declined with increasing age, but the odds of institutional stay increased with age. Care recipients living alone received more home-based services, and women had higher odds of a long-term institutional stay. Significant associations between the proportion of elderly in nursing homes and allocation of a long-term institutional stay and more practical assistance emerged. Other associations with municipalities’ structural characteristics and care service models were weak.ConclusionsThe influence of individual characteristics outweighed the contribution of municipality characteristics, and the results point to a limited influence of municipality characteristics on allocation of long-term care services.

Abnormal birth weights for gestational age in relation to maternal characteristics in Sweden: a five year cross-sectional study

BackgroundAbnormal birth weight – small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) – are important indicators for newborn health. Due to changes in lifestyle in recent decades, it is essential to keep up-to-date with the latest information on maternal factors linked to abnormal birth weight. The aim of this study is to investigate SGA and LGA in relation to maternal individual, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics. .MethodsThis is a register-based cross-sectional study. Self-reported data from Sweden’s Salut Programme maternal questionnaires (2010–2014) were linked with records in the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR). The analytical sample comprised 5089 singleton live births. A Swedish standard method using ultrasound-based sex-specific reference curves defines the abnormality of birth weight in MBR. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine crude and adjusted associations between abnormal birth weights and maternal individual, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics. A sensitivity analysis, using alternative definitions of SGA and LGA under the percentile method, was undertaken.ResultsIn multivariable logistic regression, maternal age and parity were associated with LGA (aOR = 1.05, CI = 1.00, 1.09) and (aOR = 1.31, CI = 1.09, 1.58). Maternal overweight and obesity were strongly associated with LGA (aOR = 2.28, CI = 1.47, 3.54) and (aOR = 4.55, CI = 2.85, 7.26), respectively. As parity increased, the odds of delivering SGA babies decreased (aOR = 0.59, CI = 0.42, 0.81) and preterm deliveries were associated with SGA (aOR = 9.46, CI = 5.67, 15.79). The well-known maternal determinants of abnormal birthweight, such as unhealthy lifestyles and poor socioeconomic factors, were not statistically significant in this Swedish setting.ConclusionsThe main findings suggest that multiparity, maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are strong determinants for LGA babies. Public health interventions should address modifiable risk factors, especially maternal overweight and obesity. These findings suggest that overweight and obesity is an emerging public health threat for newborn health. This might also result in the intergenerational transfer of overweight and obesity. These are important messages for public health policy and decision making.

Do sociodemographic and clinical factors affect the selection of initial antidepressant treatment for depression in older adults? Results from a nationwide descriptive study in Denmark

BackgroundThe choice of antidepressants for initial pharmacological treatment of depression in older adults and associated patients' characteristics are understudied. We aimed to describe the first selected antidepressant (first-choice) for depression in older adults (≥65 years) and whether patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics influence selecting an alternative first-choice (any other antidepressant than the nationally recommended first-choice sertraline) in Denmark. MethodsRegister-based cross-sectional study including all older adults who redeemed their first antidepressant prescription for depression at community pharmacies in Denmark in 2015–2019. We analyzed the effect of patients' characteristics on the first-choice antidepressant selection using multinomial logistic regression. ResultsAmong 34,337 older adults with a first antidepressant-prescription, over two-thirds filled alternative first-choice antidepressants than sertraline (28.9 %): escitalopram or citalopram (30.3 %) or mirtazapine (34.4 %). Socially disadvantaged older adults (e.g., with short educational attainment, being single, or of non-western ethnicity) and clinically vulnerable older adults (e.g., having somatic diagnoses and hospital contacts) were more likely to use alternative first-choice antidepressants. LimitationsInformation on prescribers and in-hospital medications was not included in this study. ConclusionsFurther investigation of the first antidepressant selection and its impact on depression treatment outcomes in older adults is necessary. Moreover, for older patients, national guidelines on depression treatment should be more specific. Article summaryAntidepressant selection for initial pharmacological treatment of depression in older adults can be difficult due to comorbidity, polypharmacy, and age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Real-world evidence/knowledge on first-choice antidepressant selection and associated user characteristics are rare. This Danish register-based cross-sectional study found over two-thirds of older adults filled alternative antidepressants (primarily escitalopram/citalopram or mirtazapine) than nationally recommended first-choice sertraline for depression treatment and identified wide-ranging sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing the first antidepressant selection.

The quality of long-term counselling for percutaneous coronary intervention patients: A cross-sectional study.

To compare the long-term counselling quality among the patients visited and not visited at cardiac nurse after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and related factors one to two years after PCI. An explorative, register-based cross-sectional study. A sample was drawn from the one university hospital's procedure register consisted of the patients undergone a PCI (n = 977). The data was collected by Counselling Quality Instrument (CQI) questionnaire by mail, and analysed by basic and multivariate methods. Of the respondents (n = 459), less than half the patients (48.4%) visited at cardiac nurse one to two years after PCI as instructed in the national current care guidelines. Patients, who visited the nurse (n = 194) had higher satisfaction for counselling than the ones not visited (n = 70). Nevertheless, patients, especially those who had no dyslipidemia, had Unstable Angina Pectoris or Non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction or were out of the workforce, were unsatisfied with counselling, and needed more social support, patient-centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. A half of the PCI patients (51.6%) did not visit the cardiac nurse at the primary health care. Cardiac nurses assisted the members of research group by assessing the questionnaire prior sending it to the patients and patients contributed by completing the questionnaires. We thank both parties for their contribution. This study demonstrated, that patients out of the workforce and having emergency PCI are in need for better quality counselling, concentrating on social support, patient-centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. Those patients, who did not visit the cardiac nurse, should be offered easier access to cardiac nurse for example, by novel digital solutions.

Associations between care home residents’ characteristics and acute hospital admissions – a retrospective, register-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundCare home residents are frail, multi-morbid, and have an increased risk of experiencing acute hospitalisations and adverse events. This study contributes to the discussion on preventing acute admissions from care homes. We aim to describe the residents’ health characteristics, survival after care home admission, contacts with the secondary health care system, patterns of admissions, and factors associated with acute hospital admissions.MethodData on all care home residents aged 65 + years living in Southern Jutland in 2018–2019 (n = 2601) was enriched with data from highly valid Danish national health registries to obtain information on characteristics and hospitalisations. Characteristics of care home residents were assessed by sex and age group. Factors associated with acute admissions were analysed using Cox Regression.ResultsMost care home residents were women (65.6%). Male residents were younger at the time of care home admission (mean 80.6 vs. 83.7 years), had a higher prevalence of morbidities, and shorter survival after care home admission. The 1-year survival was 60.8% and 72.3% for males and females, respectively. Median survival was 17.9 months and 25.9 months for males and females, respectively. The mean rate of acute hospitalisations was 0.56 per resident-year. One in four (24.4%) care home residents were discharged from the hospital within 24 h. The same proportion was readmitted within 30 days of discharge (24.6%). Admission-related mortality was 10.9% in-hospital and 13.0% 30 days post-discharge. Male sex was associated with acute hospital admissions, as was a medical history of various cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteoporosis. In contrast, a medical history of dementia was associated with fewer acute admissions.ConclusionThis study highlights some of the major characteristics of care home residents and their acute hospitalisations and contributes to the ongoing discussion on improving or preventing acute admissions from care homes.Trial registrationNot relevant.

Prevalence and clinical features of heart failure in Greenland

ABSTRACT Heart Failure (HF) constitutes a significant burden for healthcare around the world. In Greenland, risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and obesity are prevalent. Yet, the prevalence of HF remains unexplored. This register-based cross-sectional study uses data from the national medical record in Greenland to estimate the age- and gender-specific prevalence of HF and to describe the characteristics of patients with HF in Greenland. A total of 507 patients (26% women) with a mean age of 65 years were included based on a diagnosis of HF. The overall prevalence was 1.1% and higher among men compared to women (1.6% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05). The highest prevalence was among men above 84 years (11.1%). More than half (53%) had a body mass index above 30 kg/m2 and 43% were current daily smokers. The proportion diagnosed with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was 33%. The overall prevalence of HF in Greenland is consistent with that in other high-income countries, yet high among men in some age groups, compared to Danish men. Almost half the patients were obese and/or smokers. A low prevalence of IHD was observed indicating that other factors may play a role in developing HF among Greenlanders.