Register-based Census Research Articles

N-point modified exponential model for household projections in Korea using multi-point register-based census data

N-point modified exponential model for household projections in Korea using multi-point register-based census data

Address matching using machine learning methods: An application to register-based census

Today, most activities of the statistical offices need to be adapted to the modernization policies of the national statistical system. Therefore, the application of machine learning techniques is mandatory for the main activities of statistical centers. These include important issues such as coding business activities, address matching, prediction of response propensities, and many others. One of the common applications of machine learning methods in official statistics is to match a statistical address to a postal address, in order to establish a link between register-based census and traditional censuses with the aim of providing time series census information. Since there is no unique identifier to directly map the records from different databases, text-based approaches can be applied. In this paper, a novel application of machine learning will be investigated to integrate data sources of governmental records and census, employing text-based learning. Additionally, three new methods of machine learning classification algorithms are proposed. A simulation study has been performed to evaluate the robustness of methods in terms of the degree of duplication and purity of the texts. Due to the limitation of the R programming environment on big data sets, all programming has been successfully implemented on SAS (Statistical analysis system) software.

Register-based census in Thailand: A case study in Chachoengsao province

The use of registers has been increasingly popular in the field of population census because of its advantages over the traditional census. While the traditional census requires a large amount of fieldwork and data collection, the registered-based census can rely on pre-existing administrative data. As a result, the register-based census can save both time and budget. Thailand explored a use of the register-based census in 2020. In this paper, the authors layout the methodology in an aspect of data preparation and integration as well as analyze data quality of the register-based census compared with the traditional census in Chachoengsao province, Thailand. In addition, we compared conceptual frameworks that are commonly used for a register-based census in several countries and the number of databases (a recent single database VS multiple databases) used to construct the register-based census. We found that using a conceptual framework that counts the number of populations based on the main census variables on a single recent database is better than using a framework that counts population who appears on many registers in term of overcoverage and data distribution regarding to sex. This provides the evidence of using one recent and complete database is sufficient for conducting the register-based census. The authors end up with recommendations for conducing the register-based census.

Information support for rural areas development: methodological principles of using administrative registers’ data for conducting rural population censuses

The article deals with the study of the role of the population census as the main official source of data on the population, in particular, those living in rural areas, and its main characteristics. The role of statistical data in providing information for the development of rural areas is substantiated. The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the rural and urban population of Ukraine for the period 2000-2021 are compared. Census provides data on the number and main characteristics of the country's population based on principles of individual enumeration, simultaneity, universality, small area data and defined periodicity. From the methodological point of view, the main forms of the census are traditional, combined and register-based. The purpose of the study is to generalize methodological approaches to the register-based censuses and to analyze prerequisites for the transition from traditional to the register-based census. The study was performed on the basis of the systematic approach. Analysis, synthesis, comparison, theoretical generalization, as well as abstract-logical and historical methods as general-scientific methods of theoretical research were applied to achieve the purpose of the study. The results obtained indicate that an administrative register is a systematic collection of unit-level data that can be updated. Population register and a dwelling register should be used in a census in order to treat it as register-based. The main advantages of the register-based census are cost reduction, better possibilities of updating data, performing census more frequently and quicker, improving data accuracy by integration of different registers information. To meet census needs, administrative data have to be complete, accurate, linkable, up-to-date, contain sufficient variables. However, so far as register data are collected for non-statistical purposes, additional measures are needed to enable their use for census purposes. These are methodological as well as legislative and technical measures. The countries of Northern Europe have accumulated the greatest experience of conducting population censuses based on administrative registers. This will be useful to the state statistics authorities of Ukraine for the statistical purposes of population accounting. Also this will allow to reduce the cost of obtaining necessary information, as well as expand the list of data for further analysis. Our research found that Ukrainian statistics started moving toward research-based census, but there is a lot of work to conduct the 2030 Census based on administrative registers data. Key words: rural areas, rural territorial community, census, traditional census, combined census, register-based census, administrative register.

CNN 기반 주간 위성 이미지를 활용한 격자 단위 인구추정

The traditional methods of collecting population data are population census and vital data surveys. Although most countries still use this method, changes are taking place in the collection and utilization of population data according to the ICT environment and the trend of opening public data. An example is the register-based census using administrative data introduced by Korea in 2015 and population estimation for subregions that are more detailed than administrative districts. In particular, studies using satellite images for population estimation of subregions are being introduced. In the early days, night-time satellite images were mainly used, but after the deep learning CNN algorithm was introduced, studies using day-time satellite images have been introduced. In this study, we tried to estimate the 1km gridded population using day-time satellite images and CNN transfer learning in Korea. As a result of the study, the possibility of estimation was confirmed, but satisfactory results were not obtained like previous studies. In order to obtain improved gridded population estimates, it was confirmed that it may be advantageous to apply the CNN algorithm to a grid smaller than 1 km in a relatively small area such as a city rather than a large area such as the entire country.

Comments on the scientific basis of the register-based census

Comments on the scientific basis of the register-based census

독일의 2011년 등록센서스 회고와 향후의 센서스 전망

독일의 2011년 등록센서스 회고와 향후의 센서스 전망

싱가포르의 등록센서스 경험과 아시아 향후 센서스 발전을 위한 교훈

이 연구는 아시아에서 제일 먼저 전통적 센서스를 등록센서스 방식으로 전환했던 싱가포르 센서스 경험의 사례를 추적하여 보는 것이다. 따라서 이 글은 2000년 싱가포르가 센서스 방법론의 전환을 위하여 무엇을 하였으며, 2000년과 2010년에서 등록센서스가 어떻게 변화되었으며, 향후의 센서스에서 그 등록센서스가 어떠한 방법으로 유지될 것에 대해서 고찰하고, 마지막으로 그것이 아시아 지역의 향후 센서스의 발전에 주는 교훈을 서술하는 순서로 진행된다. 구체적으로, 싱가포르가 등록센서스로 이행하기 위하여 행정자료 데이터베이스를 구축한 방식과 통합 상의 쟁점이 무엇이었으며, 자료의 보안조치 특히 사생활 보호를 위한 법률적․기술적 조치와 자료의 품질관리의 진전을 검토한다. 다음은 등록센서스에 포함되지 않은 조사항목에 대한 표본조사의 실시와 기획, 표본조사의 조사지역과 조사설계는 물론 저출산/고령화 와 인구감소의 위기에 직면한 싱가포르가 영주권자와 국내 외국인, 그리고 해외거주자의 센서스 파악방식에 대해서도 살펴본다. 이 글은 싱가포르의 등록센서스 전환은 센서스 방법론의 중대 혁신으로 아시아의 향후 센서스 발전에 새로운 기원이 되었다고 보고 있으며, 다른나라에서도 행정자료 데이터베이스의 구축과 표본조사의 실시 및 기획을 통한 행정자료와 표본조사의 결합방식 센서스로의 이행에 큰 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

The Population Census in Austria

Based on the Constitution, the Population Census in Austria is a matter of the central state, serving many political-administrative, planning, research, and other purposes. After its start as a systematic operation in the middle of the 18th century, it developed further by a modern legal basis in 1857 and advances in statistical technology in 1890 (punch cards) and 1971 (machinereadable questionnaires). In the second half of the 20th century, the Population Census became a comprehensive operation, including dwellings, buildings, and workplaces. The communes organized the classical method of on the spot household data collection on behalf of the state. The register-based Census replaced the household collection in 2011. Following a government decision of 2000, which aimed at the sole use of available micro-data, the first steps for creatingthe necessary administrative and statistical registers took place in conjunction with the last traditional census of 2001. With new provisions for linking the records, the Register Census Act of 2006, and a full test census in the same year, the new methodology was established and evaluated in a short period. The first regular Register Census “took place” with reference date 31 October 2011. It is described in the central part of this communication, featuring the advantages, strengths, and weaknesses, the backbone registers, the “comparison registers,” and the redundancy principle, which help to ensure high data quality and the fit of the census into the international framework. Current developments include the annual update of results,changes and improvements in the data sources, and a short outlook on the next census of 2021.

Developing methodology for the register-based census in Estonia

Developing methodology for the register-based census in Estonia

Assessment of the quality of administrative data for use in a population census; applying census test results in Indonesia

BPS-Statistics Indonesia plans to carry out its seventh population census in 2020. In contrast to the traditional method in previous censuses, it will use administrative data obtained from the Ministry of Home Affairs combined with field enumeration. Individual information recorded in the administrative data will be used as the initial data source for the field enumeration as well as to ensure adequate coverage. These changes could be a step towards a register-based census in the future. Given the important role of register data in the upcoming Indonesian census, it is necessary to assess the quality of the administrative data which have been recorded by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether there are significant differences on selected individual variables between the data from the administrative source and the census test results. The census test was conducted in three selected villages using multi-mode data collection. The comparison of the selected individual variables and the statistical test results indicate that this administrative data is of sufficient quality to be used as the data source for a combined method census in Indonesia.

An index-based approach to determine partnership in a register-based census

An index-based approach to determine partnership in a register-based census

The usability of administrative data for register-based censuses

The usability of administrative data for register-based censuses

The e-governance approach to register-based census, based on the case of the GCC countries: A research note

This paper discusses the experience of the Scandinavian countries with respect to register-based census (RBC), outlining important enabling features that facilitated this type of accounting system in Scandinavia. The central question examined is whether RBC is possible in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) as they proceed toward the 2020 round of census. The secondary question is whether, for the GCC countries, the e-governance approach offers a viable alternative to the classical Scandinavian approach to RBC.L’article traite de l’expérience de pays scandinaves en matière de recensement à registre (RR); il donne les importantes caractéristiques qui permettent de faciliter ce genre de système de comptabilité en Scandinavie. La question centrale qui y est examinée consiste à déterminer si le RR est possible dans les pays du Conseil de coopération du Golfe (CCG) en vue du prochain recensement de 2020. L’autre question consiste notamment à savoir si, pour les pays du CCG, l’approche d’une gouvernance électronique fournit une solution de rechange viable à l’approche scandinave classique au RR.

Knowledge discovery for inferring the usually resident population from administrative registers

ABSTRACTFrom 2018 onward, the population census in Italy will leave the traditional “door-to-door” enumeration for a “register-based” system combining administrative data and surveys. An integrated system of registers makes it possible to identify patterns and groups among huge amounts of administrative data. The Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) carried out a trial to compute the usually resident population by using administrative data and identify patterns, leading to classify individuals and constitute groups, in order to prepare the register-based census.

Adjusting Inter-censal Population Estimates for Germany 1987-2011: Approaches and Impact on Demographic Indicators

To derive reliable demographic indicators, appropriate data on population exposures are needed. Access to such data is becoming increasingly challenging in many countries due to factors such as the growing diversity of international migration patterns and the trend towards replacing full censuses with register-based censuses. Germany represents a particularly challenging case in this respect. Before Germany implemented its first register-based census in 2011, the country had not conducted a census for more than two decades. This census revealed that the number of people living in Germany in 2011 was about 1.5 million lower than the previous official post-censal population estimates for that year indicated. It is likely that a large portion of this discrepancy had existed for quite some time prior to 2011. Due to the long inter-censal period, the Federal Statistical Office of Germany decided not to produce backward-adjusted population estimates by single-year ages and sex for the whole period. The main aim of this paper is thus to make such detailed adjusted inter-censal population estimates available. While we have to take the peculiarities of the German case into account, our evaluation of different strategies offers important insights for developing a generalised methodology to adjust inter-censal population estimates for globalised countries that face challenges in ensuring the proper registration of migration events. We discuss four alternative approaches for deriving adjusted inter-censal population estimates. The results suggest that even for a rather complicated case like Germany, a relatively simple approach seems to work reasonably well. Finally, we demonstrate to what extent the implemented adjustments affect mortality indicators. The adjusted inter-censal population estimates for Germany and its federal states are provided in the online data appendix.

Rolling Register-based Censuses in Israel and Italy - Planning and Lesson -

Rolling Register-based Censuses in Israel and Italy - Planning and Lesson -

The Register-based Census in Germany: Historical Context and Relevance for Population Research

In 2011, Germany carried out its first census after a 20-year break. In light of the United Nations’ recommendations that countries initiate a population census at least every 10 years, the census was long overdue. Moreover, demographers had for some time been demanding a new enumeration that would enable them to place the calculation of demographic indicators on a reliable basis. With the 2011 census, Germany not only met the demand for a current population census, but also broke new ground by using a register-based approach. Unlike the Scandinavian countries, which have a long tradition of performing register-based data analyses, the linking of administrative data in Germany is restricted by the country’s legal framework. Thus, the 2011 census was an ambitious project. After contextualising the 2011 census historically, we discuss in this contribution the census’ relevance for generating central demographic data. Specifically, we compare the updated population estimates of the 1987 census to the results of the 2011 census in order to identify possible systematic sources of error that distort demographic indicators and analyses.

Quality Evaluation of Dwelling Types in a Register-based Census Housing Database

Quality Evaluation of Dwelling Types in a Register-based Census Housing Database

Quality assessment for register-based statistics - Results for the Austrian census 2011

In 2011, Statistics Austria carried out the first register-based census. The use of administrative data for statistical purposes is accompanied by various advantages like a reduced burden for the respondents and less costs for the NSI. However, new challenges, like the quality assessment of this kind of data, arise. Therefore, Statistics Austria developed a comprehensive standardized framework for the evaluation of the data quality for registerbased statistics.In this paper, we present the principle of the quality framework and detailed results from the quality evaluation of the 2011 Austrian census. For each attribute in the census a quality measure is derived from four hyperdimensions. The first three hyperdimensions focus on the documentation of data, the usability of the records and the comparison of data to an external source. The fourth hyperdimension assesses the quality of the imputations. In the framework all the available information on each attribute can be combined to form one final quality indicator. This procedure allows to track changes in quality during data processing and to compare the quality of different census generations.