Regional Wall Research Articles

Additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by micro-laser metal wire deposition with pulsed wave emission: processability and microstructure formation

In this work, the micro-laser metal wire deposition (μLMWD) with ms-pulsed wave emission and low duty cycles was utilized to build the Ti-6Al-4V thin walls. The work first investigated the influence of the process parameters on single track stability and geometry. With the developed processing conditions thin walls with multiple layers were produced. The μLMWD produced thin walls were characterized by fine grain size expected to be due to the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) in the produced wall. Fine columnar grains formed in the bottom region of wall due to the restriction of melt pool size and large cooling speed, while equiaxed grain formation and further refinement were achieved in the middle region, attributed to the intermittent stirring force that broke dendritic arms and increased nucleation events before solid–liquid interface. From the bottom to top region microstructures transferred from acicular α′ to short α lamella constituting basketweave structure, and the periodic heating and cooling generating by pulsed laser reduced the acicular α′ at higher cooling rate and decreased α size. The forming of equiaxed grain and fine grain and microstructure increased the wall microhardness.

Cell corner middle lamella in hydroids of dendroid moss Hypnodendron menziesii gametophyte is prominently thickened: a proposed role in the mechanical support function.

Significantly thickened corner middle lamella of the hydroid cell wall in the stipe of dendroid moss Hypnodendron menziesii has a mechanical support function. The hydroid cell walls of the erect stipe of Hypnodendron menziesii were investigated using light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM-immunogold labeling in support of the proposed biomechanical function for the highly thickened cell corner middle lamellae. The statistical analyses of dimensions of hydroid cell and wall parameters revealed a strong positive correlation between the area of hydroid cell and (i) the hydroid cell walls adhering to thick corner middle lamella, (ii) the area of the thick cell wall at hydroid corners, and (iii) the maximum thickness of cell wall at hydroid corners. The total area of the thick cell wall at the hydroid corners concomitantly increased with the area of the hydroid cell wall adhering to the middle lamella, and with the increased number of hydroids surrounding a reference hydroid. The results suggest that markedly thickened middle lamellae of the hydroid cell wall in Hypnodendron likely function by preventing hydroid cells from collapsing under the tensile forces generated from the transpirational pull on the water column. The specific localization of (1→4)- β-D-galactan and (1,5)-α-L-arabinan in the interface region of the hydroid cell wall and the thick middle lamella is consistent with these cell wall components being involved in the mechanical strengthening of the interface through firm adhesion as well as elasticity, ensuring the structural stability of this cell wall region, which may be prone to delamination/fracturing from the various internal and external pressures imposed. The copious presence of homogalacturonan in the thick middle lamella may further enhance the strength and flexibility of hydroid cell walls.

Right ventricular-dominant transthyretin deposition: an early stage or a rare phenotype of wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy?

An 86-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital because of leg oedema. Electrocardiography revealed a right bundle branch block, and transthoracic echocardiography showed a left ventricular septal wall thickness of 15 mm. On cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), late gadolinium enhancement areas and high native T1 value areas extended in the basal region of the left ventricular lateral wall (Panels A and C), the right ventricular (RV) side of the septum, and the RV free wall (Panels B and D). Abnormal accumulation of 99mTc-labelled pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) in the myocardium was visualized in concordance with the abnormal areas on CMR (Panels E and F). The patient was diagnosed with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) due to the histological evidence of transthyretin deposition in the myocardium and no transthyretin gene mutation. In this case, both CMR and 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy, which are reliable imaging tools for transthyretin deposition in the myocardium, revealed RV-dominant transthyretin deposition. Based on the UK ATTR-CM staging system, this case was classified as Stage 1. Since no cases of RV-dominant transthyretin deposition have been reported in the literature, it is unclear whether RV-dominant transthyretin deposition is an early stage or a very rare clinical phenotype of wild-type ATTR-CM. Nonetheless, clinicians should be aware of an RV-dominant transthyretin deposition pattern in wild-type ATTR-CM.

Turbulence anisotropy analysis at the middle section of a highly loaded 3D linear turbine cascade using Large Eddy Simulation

This study analyzes the flow over a three-dimensional linear low-pressure turbine cascade blade using large eddy simulation at Re = 90,000. The computational model consists of one blade passage with periodic boundaries and synthetic turbulence is generated at the inlet of the domain. Various flow metrics, including isentropic Mach number distribution at mid-span and wake total pressure losses are compared with available experimental data and found to be in good agreement. A more detailed analysis of the turbulence with particular attention to the separation bubble region is subsequently presented. The analysis revealed that the turbulence is in a nearly two-component state very close to the wall region and gradually follows a certain anisotropy trajectory, as the distance from the wall increases. Even in the free-stream region no fully isotropic state is reached, due to large acceleration and flow turning. The results give a new insight into the state of turbulence within the separation region on the blade suction side and emphasize the deficiencies of the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence models in reproducing the turbulence anisotropy. This insight is of relevance for the aerodynamic design of turbines, since large parts of the total pressure loss are generated in the separation region.

Vortex Structure Topology Analysis of the Transonic Rotor 37 Based on Large Eddy Simulation

Highly three–dimensional and complex flow structures are closely related to the aerodynamic losses occurring in the transonic axial–flow compressor. The large eddy simulation (LES) approach was adopted to study the aerodynamic performance of the NASA rotor 37 for the cases at the design, the near stall (NS), and the near choke (NC) flow rate. The internal flow vortex topology was analyzed by the Q–criterion method, the omega (Ω) vortex identification method, and the Liutex identification method. It was observed that the Q–criterion method was vulnerable to being influenced by the flow with high–shear deformation rate, especially near the end–wall regions. The Ω method was adopted to recognize the three–dimensional vortex structure with a higher precision than that of the Q–criterion method. Meanwhile, the Liutex vortex identification method showed a good performance in vortex identification, and the corresponding contribution of Liutex components in the vortex topology was analyzed. The results show that the high–vortex fields around the separation line and reattachment line had high vortex components in the x–axis, the tip clearance vortices presented a high–vortex component in the y–axis, and the suction side corner vortex possessed high–vortex components in the y– and z–axes.

Morphological and Physiological Aspects of Mutable Collagenous Tissue at the Autotomy Plane of the Starfish Asterias rubens L. (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): An Echinoderm Paradigm.

The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms has the capacity to undergo changes in its tensile properties within a timescale of seconds under the control of the nervous system. All echinoderm autotomy (defensive self-detachment) mechanisms depend on the extreme destabilisation of mutable collagenous structures at the plane of separation. This review illustrates the role of MCT in autotomy by bringing together previously published and new information on the basal arm autotomy plane of the starfish Asterias rubens L. It focuses on the MCT components of breakage zones in the dorsolateral and ambulacral regions of the body wall, and details data on their structural organisation and physiology. Information is also provided on the extrinsic stomach retractor apparatus whose involvement in autotomy has not been previously recognised. We show that the arm autotomy plane of A. rubens is a tractable model system for addressing outstanding problems in MCT biology. It is amenable to in vitro pharmacological investigations using isolated preparations and provides an opportunity for the application of comparative proteomic analysis and other "-omics" methods which are aimed at the molecular profiling of different mechanical states and characterising effector cell functions.

Polychronic tunneling: New tunneling processes experiencing Euclidean and Lorentzian evolution simultaneously

We discuss new possible tunneling processes in the presence of gravity. We formulate quantum tunneling using the Wheeler-deWitt canonical quantization and the WKB approximation. The distinctive feature of our formulation is that it accommodates the coexistence of Euclidean and Lorentzian evolution. It opens up a new possibility of quantum tunneling; e.g. a bubble wall itself tunnels the potential barrier pulling the field nearby, where the wall region experiences the Euclidean evolution while the other regions experience the Lorentzian evolution simultaneously. We execute numerical analysis and find that such a process can have a much higher tunneling rate than that of the Coleman-De Luccia bounce. We also find that the new tunneling processes exist even in the decoupling regime of gravity and affect low energy phenomenology.

Aging suppression, high time resolution and 2D-position sensitive Multi-Strip Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Counter for high rate experiments

The multi-strip, multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MSMGRPCs) of the Time of Flight (TOF) wall of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be exposed to challenging counting rates, up to 50 kHz/cm2. The unprecedented requirement to the CBM-TOF chambers to keep their performance (efficiency over 90% and system time resolution better than 80 ps) at these high counting rates has triggered the development of a new generation of MSMGRPCs with increased counting rate capabilities and suppression of aging effect in high irradiation environment. The MSMGRPCs designed for the low polar angles region of the CBM-TOF wall, besides performing in high counting rate, should also maintain their performance over the lifetime of the experiment. Detailed aging investigation evidenced mainly a gas pollution effect for the chambers with gas exchange via diffusion, enhanced around the spacers. In order to mitigate this phenomenon, a MSMGRPC prototype with a direct gas flow through the gas gaps and a reduced number of spacers in the electric field was developed. Assembling and tests of such prototypes as well as the results of the first aging investigations performed exposing the chamber to a high intensity X-ray flux at different gas flow rates and gas mixtures are reported.

A wall stress model to predict high-Reynolds number flow over rough walls

Wall-modeled large eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow with rough walls was performed for Reynolds numbers of Reτr=615–2080. The eddy viscosity parameter in a wall stress model was modified to include the effects of wall roughness. Symmetric and asymmetric channel flows were studied for transitionally and fully rough states with ks+=62 and 112, respectively. The wall shear stress was estimated based on the velocity field within the wall layer using the total shear stress term. For the wall layer, the matching point was located well above the height of the virtual roughness elements. The numerical predictions for the mean velocity profile and Reynolds stresses compared well with the experimental data. The prediction for the mean velocity shift due to roughness agreed with the experimental measurements and empirical correlations. For the asymmetric channel flows with roughness on only one wall, the numerical simulations correctly reproduced the displacement of the mean flow away from the rough wall. Overall, the proposed wall-model allows for the prediction of the effects of wall roughness without resolving the geometry of the roughness elements on the wall. This is consistent with the goal of performing large eddy simulations of wall-bounded flows at high-Reynolds numbers with minimal resolution of the wall region, which results in a much reduced computational cost.

Numerical simulation and experimental research of fiber motion in vortex spinning

The application of high speed air flow in the textile field represents the frontier development direction in this field. However, the coupling mechanism between air flow and fiber is extremely complicated which greatly limits the development and application of new textile technologies. For this reason, this research study is intended to focus on the common cutting-edge basic scientific problem of the air-flow-fiber coupling mechanism, the vortex spinning technology is taken as a breakthrough point for research. Three-dimensional numerical models of air flow in vortex spinning nozzle and a free-end fiber were established. The hybrid grids including the structured hexahedral grids and the unstructured tetrahedral grids were used to divide the air-flow computational region, the realizable κ- ε model was used to solve the turbulent characteristics of air flow, and the wall function method was used to solve the air flow in the near wall region. The displacement and deformation of a single free-end fiber under the action of the air-flow force was solved by the second-order nonlinear double asymptotic method and interpolation method. The dynamic twist process of a free-end fiber was simulated in three-dimensional space by taking into account the fiber characteristics, such as straightening, bending, and torsion. In addition, a high magnification microscope was used to observe the free-end fiber motion during the spinning process. The results show that the numerical simulation is consistent with the experimental observation, proving that dynamic numerical simulation can solve difficult problems in the unobserved dynamic twisting process, and this deepens the understanding of the spinning mechanism in vortex spinning.

Abstract TMP13: Thin Wall Regions Of Intracranial Aneurysms Are Associated With High Wall Shear Stress

Background: Intra-saccular hemodynamics play a key role in the pathobiological remodeling of the intracranial aneurysm (IA) wall. Evaluating the relationship between hemodynamic forces at the aneurysm wall and wall presentation can help us understand the complex processes of dysregulated vascular remodeling that occurs during IA natural history. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that greater hemodynamic insult, i.e., high wall shear stress (WSS) and high wall shear stress divergence (WSSD), results in endothelial damage and loss of internal elastic lamina, which presents as thin, translucent regions on interoperative imaging. Methods: From digital subtraction angiography images of 15 patients with IAs, aneurysm and surrounding vessels were segmented. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using generic boundary conditions for all the patients. Aneurysm walls were identified from 2D intraoperative images of IAs taken during clipping, and wall regions were classified as thick regions (white), normal (purple-crimson), and thin/translucent (red), using a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm. 2D wall classifications were mapped onto the 3D geometries for statistical analysis of differences between average hemodynamic properties across wall regions. Results: On an average, more than 30% of IA sac was visible on the 2D intra-operative image. Of the n =15 IAs, n =8, n =5 and n =2 showed pre-dominantly thick, thin, and normal wall types respectively. Average WSS and WSSD were significantly higher at thin regions of IAs as compared to both normal and thick regions. Thin wall regions also tended to co-locate with significantly lower RRT as compared to the thick and normal regions. Conclusion: Thin wall regions observed on intra-operative images of IAs are associated with greater hemodynamic insult (higher WSS and WSSD) and higher flow velocity (lower RRT).

Flow behavior analysis in boundary layer transition based on the Liutex–shear decomposition

The Liutex based vortex identification method is superior to previous methods in that it overcomes the issues of threshold problem, shear contamination, etc., with a clear physical meaning that the direction of the Liutex vector represents the local axis of rotation, while the magnitude is equal to twice the angular velocity of the rigid-rotation part of the flow. The current study focuses on the interaction between the Liutex represented rotation and the residual shear part during the development of Λ vortex and hairpin vortex in boundary layer transition. The temporal–spatial evolution and development of typical vortical structures are analyzed based on the Liutex–shear decomposition with particular attention paid to the position and strength changes of Liutex and shear. Vortex core lines are extracted to investigate the mutual interactions between rotation and shear inside vortices. It is demonstrated that for the Λ vortex, spanwise rotating motions are formed at the head region and can persist for a long time under the influence of surrounding shear, while the tail region of the Λ vortex stretches down near the wall but then becomes weaker due to dissipation. High-shear regions tend to be located on top or below the vortices. When the shear layer formed between the legs gets stronger, it will be rolled up to form new vortices. On the one hand, the vortex legs together with the newly formed spanwise vortex consist of a new hairpin vortex, which, in turn, leads to the generation of the second- and third-level hairpin vortices. On the other hand, it also generates many smaller streamwise vortices in the near wall region. The results show that the interaction between Liutex and shear is very important in the development of vortical structures during transition.

Contribution of atrial myofiber architecture to atrial fibrillation.

The role of fiber orientation on a global chamber level in sustaining atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. The goal of this study was to correlate the fiber direction derived from Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) with AF inducibility. Transgenic goats with cardiac-specific overexpression of constitutively active TGF-β1 (n = 14) underwent AF inducibility testing by rapid pacing in the left atrium. We chose a minimum of 10 minutes of sustained AF as a cut-off for AF inducibility. Explanted hearts underwent DTI to determine the fiber direction. Using tractography data, we clustered, visualized, and quantified the fiber helix angles in 8 different regions of the left atrial wall using two reference vectors defined based on anatomical landmarks. Sustained AF was induced in 7 out of 14 goats. The mean helix fiber angles in 7 out of 8 selected regions were statistically different (P-Value < 0.05) in the AF inducible group. The average fractional anisotropy (FA) and the mean diffusivity (MD) were similar in the two groups with FA of 0.32±0.08 and MD of 8.54±1.72 mm2/s in the non-inducible group and FA of 0.31±0.05 (P-value = 0.90) and MD of 8.68±1.60 mm2/s (P-value = 0.88) in the inducible group. DTI based fiber direction shows significant variability across subjects with a significant difference between animals that are AF inducible versus animals that are not inducible. Fiber direction might be contributing to the initiation and sustaining of AF, and its role needs to be investigated further.

Using of large eddy simulation model for a spatially developing turbulent natural convection boundary layer in water along a side-heated vertical wall with high Rayleigh number ([formula omitted

To further understand the turbulent natural convection in the residual heat removal process of a nuclear reactor in accidental condition, a spatially developing natural convection boundary layer along a side-heated vertical plane in water is simulated with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) strategy. The maximum modified Rayleigh number (Ra*=Ra×Nu) reaches 8×1014 with the uniform heat flux input (≈10000W/m2). In particular, the buoyancy driven flow is simulated by an incompressible flow solver with Boussinesq approximation. The Wall Adaptive Local Eddy (WALE) model is selected as the sub-grid scale model for the LES simulation. After comparing with available measurements, it is found that reasonable agreement has been achieved in wall temperature distribution along the heated wall, heat transfer rate as well as mean temperature, mean velocity and turbulent statistics in the boundary layer. The detailed vortex structure and velocity spectra in the boundary layer corresponding to different regime are clearly demonstrated. It is shown that the transition process in the boundary layer can be accurately presented with the refined mesh (x+≈0.1) in the near wall region. To be more specific, the appeared ordered vortex street in the transition stage and the estimated critical Rayleigh number for turbulence inception correspond well to previous experimental observations. The significant effect of early transformation of two-dimensional (2D) linear Tollmien–Schlichting waves on the heat transfer is also proved. It is expected that current study can enhance the understanding of turbulent boundary layer at high heat flux and high Rayleigh number.

Regional Differences in Ca2+ Signaling and Transverse-Tubules across Left Atrium from Adult Sheep.

Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling can be different between regions of the heart. Little is known at the atria level, specifically in different regions of the left atrium. This is important given the role of cardiac myocytes from the pulmonary vein sleeves, which are responsible for ectopic activity during atrial fibrillation. In this study, we present a new method to isolate atrial cardiac myocytes from four different regions of the left atrium of a large animal model, sheep, highly relevant to humans. Using collagenase/protease we obtained calcium-tolerant atrial cardiac myocytes from the epicardium, endocardium, free wall and pulmonary vein regions. Calcium transients were slower (time to peak and time to decay) in free wall and pulmonary vein myocytes compared to the epicardium and endocardium. This is associated with lower t-tubule density. Overall, these results suggest regional differences in calcium transient and t-tubule density across left atria, which may play a major role in the genesis of atrial fibrillation.

Critical Link between Calcium Regional Heterogeneity and Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Sheep Left Atria.

Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained form of arrhythmia in the human population that leads to important electrophysiological and structural cardiac remodeling as it progresses into a chronic form. Calcium is an established key player of cellular electrophysiology in the heart, yet to date, there is no information that maps calcium signaling across the left atrium. The aim of this study is to determine whether calcium signaling is homogenous throughout the different regions of the left atrium. This work tests the hypothesis that differences across the healthy left atrium contribute to a unique, region-dependent calcium cycling and participates in the pro-arrhythmic activity during atrial fibrillation. An animal model relevant to human cardiac function (the sheep) was used to characterize both the electrical activity and the calcium signaling of three distinct left atrium regions (appendage, free wall and pulmonary veins) in control conditions and after acetylcholine perfusion (5 μM) to induce acute atrial fibrillation. High-resolution dual calcium-voltage optical mapping on the left atria of sheep was performed to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signaling in relation to electrophysiological properties. Action potential duration (at 80% repolarization) was not significantly different in the three regions of interest for the three pacing sites. In contrast, the time to 50% calcium transient decay was significantly different depending on the region paced and recorded. Acetylcholine perfusion and burst pacing-induced atrial fibrillation when pulmonary veins and appendage regions were paced but not when the free wall region was. Dantrolene (a ryanodine receptor blocker) did not reduce atrial fibrillation susceptibility. These data provide the first evidence of heterogenous calcium signaling across the healthy left atrium. Such basal regional differences may be exacerbated during the progression of atrial fibrillation and thus play a crucial role in focal arrhythmia initiation without ryanodine receptor gating modification.

A Combined Region- and Pixel-Based Deep Learning Approach for Quantifying Abdominal Adipose Tissue in Adolescents Using Dixon Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The development of adipose tissue during adolescence may provide valuable insights into obesity-associated diseases. We propose an automated convolutional neural network (CNN) approach using Dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantity abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in children and adolescents. 474 abdominal Dixon MRI scans of 136 young healthy volunteers (aged 8-18) were included in this study. For each scan, an axial fat-only Dixon image located at the L2-L3 disc space and another image at the L4-L5 disc space were selected for quantification. For each image, an outer and an inner region around the abdomen wall, as well as SAT and VAT pixel masks, were generated by expert readers as reference standards. A standard U-Net CNN architecture was then used to train two models: one for region segmentation and one for fat pixel classification. The performance was evaluated using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) with fivefold cross-validation, and by Pearson correlation and the Student's t-test against the reference standards. For the DSC results, means and standard deviations of the outer region, inner region, SAT, and VAT comparisons were 0.974 ± 0.026, 0.997 ± 0.003, 0.981 ± 0.025, and 0.932 ± 0.047, respectively. Pearson coefficients were 1.000 for both outer and inner regions, and 1.000 and 0.982 for SAT and VAT comparisons, respectively (all p = NS). These results show that our method not only provides excellent agreement with the reference SAT and VAT measurements, but also accurate abdominal wall region segmentation. The proposed combined region- and pixel-based CNN approach provides automated abdominal wall segmentation as well as SAT and VAT quantification with Dixon MRI and enables objective longitudinal assessment of adipose tissues in children during adolescence.

Effects of baryonic feedback on the cosmic web

We study the effect of baryons on the cosmic web---halos, filaments, walls, and voids. To do so, we apply a modified version of NEXUS, a cosmic web morphological analysis algorithm, to the IllustrisTNG simulations. We find that halos lose more than 10% of their mass due to baryons, mostly to filaments and a small portion to walls and voids. However, the mass transfer does not significantly shift the boundaries of structures, leaving the volume fractions of the cosmic structures largely unaffected. We quantify the effects of baryonic feedback on the power spectrum and the probability density function of the density field for individual cosmic structures. For the power spectrum, most suppression due to feedback can be accounted for by including $M\ensuremath{\ge}{10}^{12}\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}/h$ halos, without considering other cosmic structures. However, when examining the probability density function of the density field, we find nearly 100% suppression of the emptiest regions and 10%-level effects (boost or suppression) in the remaining regions of filaments, walls, and voids. Our results indicate the importance of modeling the effects of baryons in the whole cosmic web, not just halos, for cosmological analysis beyond two-point statistics or field-based inferences.

Compression and interpenetration of adsorption-active brushes.

Compression and interpenetration of two opposing polymer brushes formed by end-grafted adsorption-active chains are studied by the numerical self-consistent field approach and by analytical theory. For sufficiently strong polymer-surface attraction, a fraction of chains in the adsorption-active brush condenses into a near-surface layer, while the remaining ones form the outer brush with reduced effective grafting density. Analysis shows that the normal pressure in adsorption-active brushes can be understood in terms of the effective grafting density concept although the pressure at small separations is affected by the presence of the dense adsorbed phase. We propose a simple theory modification that accounts for this effect. We also formulate a procedure for extracting the value of the effective grafting density directly from the pressure vs separation curves by inverting the equation of state. In contrast to the normal pressure, the interpenetration of the two opposing adsorption-active brushes demonstrates a much more intricate behavior. At weak to moderate compressions, the effective grafting density concept works well but fails spectacularly at small interbrush separations. We identify two interpenetration regimes for adsorption-active brushes: (i) at separations larger than the ideal Gaussian coil size N1/2, the overlap of the two brushes is concentrated in the mid-plane region, in the same way as in brushes grafted onto non-attractive surfaces; (ii) at separations less than N1/2, the brush overlap is strongly enhanced in the wall regions where the attractive interaction plays an important role both in generating the dense layer for the "proper" brush and in attracting the "foreign" chains.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of cup-shaped specimens prepared by rotary backward extrusion

Rotary backward extrusion (RBE) has been proven to be a useful method for preparing high-performance cup-shaped specimens. However, previous relevant studies aimed to investigate small samples. In this paper, large cup-shaped specimens were prepared by RBE at rotary speeds of 0.35 r/min and 0.9 r/min. The microstructural evolution and properties were analyzed for different regions of the cup wall. The results showed that the obtained microstructure became finer from the outer to inner region, and increasing the rotary speed improved the deformation uniformity and mechanical properties. Continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) actively contributed to hot deformation. High recrystallization effectively weakened the texture intensity, and the inner region at a rotary speed of 0.9 r/min showed an abnormal texture; this phenomenon was attributed to the activation of nonbasal slip brought by high strains and rare earth contents. Refinement strengthening was a major mechanism during RBE; the highest recrystallization of the region reached 93.1%, and its yield strength (YS), ultimate strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) values were ∼219.3 MPa, ∼298.2 MPa, ∼15.2%, respectively.