Regional Transportation System Research Articles

RELEVANT PRINCIPLES AND INNOVA-TIVE TOOLS FOR MANAGING THE DE-VELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT SYS-TEMS IN THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA

The authors substantiate the importance of constantly updating the principles and tools for managing regional transport systems. In the process of the study, stages were iden-tified, the passage through which can be observed in the modern history of the for-mation and development of these systems in the Russian Frderation. Among the prin-ciples that are relevant in the current condi-tions, the authors named complexity, adaptability, sustainability and efficiency. As a scientific novelty, it is worth noting the analysis of the introduction of modern tech-nologies and tools in the management of transport systems. These technologies and tools are aligned with the classical func-tions of management, including forecasting, planning, organization, accounting, analy-sis, evaluation, control, feedback

The Distribution of the Economic Impacts of Sustainable Regional Transport Policies

In response to current environmental, social and accessibility challenges in the mobility sector, this research focuses on promoting the development of integrated sustainable regional transport policies, supported by a thorough analysis of their distributed economic impacts. This is fulfilled with the development of a new GIS-supported extension of a comprehensive methodology that is currently used for appraising local transport interventions. To illustrate the inputs and outputs of the expanded approach, a regional case study was simulated, highlighting the potential for this methodology to assist in (1) optimising the financial balance between electrification and modal-shift strategies, (2) anticipating and analysing the multiple economic impacts of multimodal transport services (e.g., Mobility as a Service) and (3) understanding how equal the benefits of these policies are across the region. This research will provide novel contributions to the field of transport research and policy development by introducing a comprehensive methodology that quantifies and maps the distributed economic impacts of regional transport policies. This will, consequently, enable the economic outputs of these policies to be easily visualised, analysed and shared with mobility stakeholders, fostering a better understanding of their urban–rural distribution, and promoting the strategic development of sustainable and equitable regional transport systems.

OPPORTUNITIES AND RESULTS OF INTEGRATION OF KAZAKHSTAN'S TRANSPORT SYSTEM WITH INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

The article examines the transport and transit industry of Kazakhstan, strategic planning for improving the logistics infrastructure, creating a network of multimodal transport and logistics centers integrated into regional transport and logistics systems, ensuring close integration of the Kazakh transport system as an equal partner with international transport systems. The main components of the logistics infrastructure of multimodal transport and logistics centers, international transport corridors that ensure coordinated interaction of modes of transport and other participants in the transport and logistics process in Kazakhstan are considered as strategic points for the development of the economy of Kazakhstan. Modern international transport corridors are becoming the main core of the effective development of interstate economic relations in the era of globalization of the world economy. This industry is considered as an important factor of socio-economic prosperity and the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is heading towards an innovative path of development. Because international transport corridors are one of the most important industries that contributes to the prosperity of the global economy, facilitating trade and exchange of goods between countries of the world.

Исследование модернизации морского пассажирского порта на основе цифрового двойника и оценка инфраструктуры с помощью динамических данных от беспилотных авиационных систем

The current state of the maritime passenger transportation industry is considered, as well as the factors influencing the chosen industry are investigated (competition between ports in the sea region, new environmental requirements and a shortage of space for new ports and terminals in megacities). Models of the evolution of seaports and terminals in the regions of the seas are analyzed and the need to solve the problem of forecasting development, reasonable modernization is revealed infrastructure. The importance of integrating passenger ports into urban transport systems and ensuring effective interconnection of maritime transport with regional transport systems is noted. Special attention is paid to the growth and development potential of sea ferries and cruises in the Baltic Sea region, the historical importance of St. Petersburg for cruise tourism and the need for the gradual restoration of the port and the development of new route networks are noted. The necessity of developing new methods for modernizing the infrastructure of passenger seaports based on the creation of digital models and the use of dynamic data is substantiated. As a solution, it is proposed to create a new digital model of a marine passenger port using information obtained from unmanned aircraft systems. This model will accurately take into account the infrastructural features of passenger ports and terminals, as well as the established priority of berths for the service of cruise and ferry ships. For multi-scenario modeling, a new digital model of the marine passenger port of St. Petersburg “Marine Façade” is proposed. To analyze the simulation results, the developed software modules in the Python programming language are proposed to describe the behavior strategies of the decision maker (port manager). To describe the decision-making process in the conditions of uncertainty that arises when making a decision on the modernization of the port infrastructure, the choice of the Wald criterion was justified as a criterion. A series of experiments was performed, based on the data, digital 2D and 3D models of a marine passenger port were formed for subsequent use in the AnyLogic environment, and a digital twin was built. A distinctive feature of the model is the up-to-date information on the state of the transport infrastructure and integration with data on ship calls. The presented model, methods of working with the results of multi-dimensional modeling, the use of unmanned aircraft systems, and the development of a model based on decision-making under uncertainty can be applied to other passenger seaports and terminals, which emphasizes the universality of the proposed approach.

TRAM-TRAIN SYSTEM AS A POTENTIAL TRANSPORT SOLUTION FOR THE OLOMOUC REGION

The article is focused on the frequently discussed topic of suburban and regional railway system modernization comparing different approaches to consider by local authorities. To make a precedent and to better contribute to practical problems, a middle-sized city of Olomouc (Czechia) is chosen to demonstrate the upgraded regional transport system design with respect to the regional specifics and utilizing of the current railway and tramway infrastructure. With a new, innovative approach to the potential tram-train implementation in the Olomouc Region, the technical and operational features of the current tram-train systems and vehicles are analysed. By implementing the most suitable ones, the regional tram-train system proposal in the conditions of Olomouc may serve as a guide for similar planned systems in the countries with limited legislative and technical experience regarding the tram-train systems (especially in Central Europe), their suitability for the region, their design, and introduction. For the qualitative assessment of the different relevant approaches, a comparative analysis is used. As a result of the analysis, a tram-train system is recommended for the further transport planning stages as it significantly improves both urban and suburban public transport in the Olomouc Region by increasing their average speed and accessibility. For better financial and technical implementation, the project is divided into several stages. Unlike the already presented solutions, it combines shorter travel times of the regional rail and the populated area coverage reached by regional buses and serves as both an attractive and financially sane extension of a regional public transport system.

Digital maturity of the transport and logistics system of the Russian Federation border region

Subject. This article discusses the role of the transport system in ensuring the national security of Russia and the prospects for scientific, technical and economic cooperation with neighboring countries. Objectives. The article aims to comprehensively assess the level of digital maturity of the transport and logistics system of the Samara Oblast. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of rating and integral analyses. Results. The article finds that in the Samara Oblast, the level of digital maturity of the transport and logistics system is lower than the target values on average in Russia, which is unacceptable for a geostrategic area. Conclusions. An increase in the number of personal computers in transport organizations of the Oblast and the active introduction of special software tools that help carry out financial settlements in electronic form are the most important tasks for the development of the transport and logistics system of the Samara Oblast.

Implementing a digital twin for optimized real-time control of Gothenburg's regional sewage system

Abstract The emerging challenges facing the City of Gothenburg and surrounding municipalities include the impacts of a variable climate, rapid growth and urbanization, aging infrastructure and changing community values and customer expectations. A digital twin (DT), based on the Future City Flow (FCF) platform, was created for the catchment to address many of these challenges in terms of improved real-time sewerage performance and predictability in the face of storms, improved DT visualization of the regional sewage transport system for operators and greater responsiveness to avoid service interruption. The FCF-based DT provides a sound base for modelling, simulating, forecasting and controlling the catchment. The versatility of the FCF DT makes it useful for gaining insight into catchment dynamics and the simulator can be used to study the effects of different scenarios or changes in the catchment. The predictive control imbedded in the FCF DT recommends setpoints for controlling the catchment that can be used by the operators for decision support or even be directly applied in the control system as model-based predictive control. A DT requires good quality online data from the catchment and, perhaps most importantly, high-quality rain forecasts, especially when prognosing long time horizons.

Regional passenger motor transport systems: problem statement, first estimation results

Relevance. Passenger road transport in the 90s of the last century showed a high rate of transition to new management methods. The subsequent streamlining of activities progressed unevenly, mainly through regulation. However, important problems in the development of the industry, especially in the regions, have not been resolved. A crisis situation in intra-regional inter-municipal transportation and a high accident rate are the example. To a large extent, this situation is caused by the lag of the modern interpretation of the regional passenger road transport system from its real state, which does not allow achieving the greatest effect in the development of passenger road transport. The purpose of the work is to increase the importance of regular passenger transportation based on the substantiation of the importance of the structural parts of regional passenger motor transport systems, the developed methodology for assessing their condition, and creating development rules taking this into account.Materials and methods. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, system analysis, mathematical statistics, as well as the provisions of the theory of transport processes and systems are used in the work. Modern general scientific software products, open information resources about passenger vehicles in the regions were used.Results. The main scientific result of the article is the introduced concept of a regional passenger motor transport system. For a quantitative assessment of its condition, an indicator of the level of system self-organization has been developed, which is determined by the ratio of the number of cars to the number of buses, trolleybuses and trams in the region. The values of the indicators are in the range from 74 to 543 with an average value of 277. The dependencies of the influence of gross regional products and the number of population in the regions on the number of buses and cars in them are revealed. The practical significance lies in the development of tools for assessing the state of regional passenger transport systems. The directions for further research to determine the influence of structural parts on the level of self-organization of the system, building on this basis effective regional strategies for the development of passenger road transport are related.

Innovative design of the regional transport system: Intellectualization and energy efficiency

The paper studies domestic and world trends of innovative development of transport system, the supporting structure of which is indicative planning, implemented by the Russian state, which, anticipating the future, stimulates the process of development of intelligent transport system (ITS), and integration of its elements at all levels of the organized business and management environment. The Russian Federation has a strong transit potential, due to which it acts as a fundamental transport and logistics center of attraction for the countries of the Eurasian continent which occupies forty percent of the land area and has a population of about five and a half billion people. The development of intelligent transport system of Russia, based on innovative technologies of transport processes and technologies of digital economy, play an important role in increasing the competitiveness of the transport complex of the country as a whole, the domestic economy has a significant impact on the expansion and deepening of mutually beneficial economic cooperation with the countries of the world. Moscow and Tatarstan have created the most complete set of modern institutions, tools and mechanisms for providing services, technical equipment and solving emerging problems of ITS. On the territory of Kaluga region an automotive cluster with three technology parks is actively developing. In addition, the following clusters are being improved: IT, composite, scientific and educational, nuclear, and tourism clusters. However, the priority of development is given to the transport and logistics cluster of the region, in which such directions of activity dominate as the improvement of railways and highways, as well as the road network as a whole, based on the development and implementation in the region of intelligent transport and telecommunication systems. The research presents basic, conceptual provisions of the perspective projection of the development of the international intelligent transport system in Russia on the example of Kaluga region.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ АВИАЦИИ КАК ФАКТОР СОЦИАЛЬНОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА

For many regions of Russia, including Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, aviation seems to be vital, and sometimes the only mode of transport available. In particular, for the Arctic regions, more than 60% of the territories are accessible only by air transport. Taking into account the vast territory of the country, the development of regional aviation represents one of the most important structural elements of the socio-economic development of Russia. Along with ensuring transport accessibility of remote areas, the functioning and development of regional air transportation acts as a factor in the demand for related industries, construction and the service sector. However, the current state of regional aviation in Russia is prosperous and does not meets modern requirements. As a result, the question arises of serious modernization and elimination of existing problems in this civil aviation sector. The scientific novelty of the article includes the proposed directions for the transformation of regional air transport systems.

The Development of the Transport System in Surkhandarya Province

Research of the transport system of Surkhandarya region shows that most rural districts have weak transport potential, which does not allow effective use of their mineral raw material potential. For this reason, ensuring the development and expansion of the existing regional transport systems, their modernization, regional improvement of the regional transport system is one of the urgent issues of today.

Post Evaluation of Rural Road Renovation and Upgrading Plans in Low Mountain and Hilly Areas Based on IF-VE Method

Currently, China is vigorously promoting the construction of "Four Good Rural Roads", and the planning and construction layout of urban and rural transportation, especially rural roads, can effectively promote the rapid integration of urban and rural areas and the coordinated development of small towns. However, there are still problems in the current planning and construction of rural roads, such as large inventory, low level, and chaotic layout. Post evaluation of rural road renovation and upgrading, analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the plan, can provide strong support for the subsequent adjustment of regional comprehensive transportation system construction. Based on various national, provincial, and municipal transportation development guidelines, this article analyzes the factors related to the planning and evaluation of rural roads in low mountain and hilly areas. Based on the IF-VE method formed by intuitionistic fuzzy theory and value engineering theory, a post evaluation study is conducted on a rural road renovation and upgrading project plan. The application results indicate that the indicator system and model constructed in the article have certain feasibility and applicability.

Assessing the Impact of Transport Provision Factors on the Efficiency of a Regional Transportation System

This research presents a correlation regression analysis of the impact of transport provision characteristics on the efficiency of the regional transportation system of the Russian regions. The research showed that the scope of cargo turnover in million tons per kilometer produces the largest positive impact on the efficiency of the regional transportation system. Another significant positive factor is the volume of investment into capital assets of the relevant organizations. Apparently, the growth of capital investment into basic production assets allows increasing the cargo turnover of transportation companies, which is reflected on the scope of transportation services per capita. At the same time, the growth of passenger turnover (million passengers per kilometer) leads to a decrease in the resulting index. In our opinion, this can be due to competition within a sector. Specifically, a high level of roads loading, including with public transport, leads to an increase of unproductive loss of working time for business, delays and, consequently, reduced volume of goods turnover.

ТЕХНИКО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО СБОРА ПЛАТЫ ЗА ПРОЕЗД КАК ПОДСИСТЕМА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

. The article substantiates the relevance of introducing electronic toll collection in order to improve the quality of functioning of regional transport systems. The quality of service for road users affects both social and economic efficiency it allows you to reduce the time spent on traffic, to ensure «just in time» delivery. Based on the target and functional performance indicators of intelligent transport systems, a variant of a technical and economic assessment of the introduction of electronic toll collection is proposed, taking into account the ratio of benefits and costs

РОЛЬ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ АВИАЦИОННО-ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В СОЦИ-АЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ РАЗВИТИИ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The article provides an overview of the cur-rent state of the civil aviation industry, in par-ticular, the segment of passenger air trans-portation and civil aviation infrastructure, identifies its role and impact on the regional economy. The authors show that the devel-opment of the passenger transportation market reflects the socio-economic devel-opment of the territories, as it largely deter-mines their accessibility, investment attrac-tiveness and convenience for economic ac-tivities. As a theoretical significance of the study, it should be noted the substantiation of the contribution of the regional air transport system to the gross regional prod-uct. Of practical interest are recommenda-tions for taking into account the development of Russian civil aviation in modern condi-tions.

Evaluation of Two Regional Transportation Systems Management and Operations Strategies for Improving the Response to Disabled Vehicles

Disabled vehicles are a common issue faced by agencies which can negatively affect traffic operations and safety. A wide range of response strategies exist, but determining which are best for a region can be challenging. After surveying 60 U.S. traffic incident management stakeholders, two commonly suggested improvements to disabled vehicle response strategies were: 1) expanding safety service patrols (SSPs) and 2) increasing towing capabilities. This paper develops a congestion-based methodology for quantifying the congestion reduction benefits of implementing these improved strategies for addressing disabled vehicles, specifically expanding SSP patrol hours and implementing instant dispatch tow (IDT) programs. Using 2019 incident data from three Florida, U.S., limited access roadways, the estimated congestion costs caused by disabled vehicles on the studied roadways were over $20 million. The estimated congestion savings for expanding Road Rangers (Florida’s SSP) ranged from $196,315 to $1,413,641 ($14,023 to $20,488 per incident). Implementing an IDT program had estimated congestion savings ranging from $398,353 to $3,910,299 ($9,264 to $76,485 per incident). IDT programs would address more disabled vehicle incidents than Road Ranger expansions, making the benefits substantially higher, especially on urban roadways. Based on the results, it is recommended that agencies prioritize IDT deployment on urban roadways with long incident durations for the most immediate benefits. An IDT program would also be able to address other types of incident, likely making the benefits greater than those estimated in this paper. Agencies nationwide can use this paper’s methodology and results to help identify effective regional disabled vehicle transportation systems management and operations strategies.

Approach Draft to Evaluate the Transport System State—A Case Study Regarding the Estimation Ratio Model of Transport Supply and Demand

The article suggests a system dynamics model for estimating the demand for public transport. Traditional scientific and technical transport modeling approaches involve coherent systems, meticulously considering other impactful variables for transport modeling. The vastness of the variables and their combinations hinder us from grasping all possible system interactions. This research aims at proposing a model that comprises decisive factors in relation to the supply and demand in various modes of transport, designing likely scenarios of the transport system development in a specific transport territory. The model uses system dynamics tools to explore the interaction between individual system elements and transport subsystems. A wise choice of crucial system elements, well-adjusted relationships and behavior settings, as well as system dynamics tools, allow for a considerable simplification of an otherwise complex system. The article works with a principle of stock and flow diagrams for forecasting supply and demand in public transport. We take into consideration the implementation of a ‘demand index’ in public and car passenger transport with a subsequent comparison. This innovative approach monitors the development of a regional or municipal transport system while assessing its sustainability. Suggested demand indexes may serve as indicators for a sustainable municipal system. The suggested model reflects data from the South Bohemian region in the Czech Republic and may involve other elements and indicators of a sustainable transport system.

On improving the regional transportation efficiency based on federated learning

In recent years, regional traffic congestion has become increasingly frequent, which seriously affects the safety and efficiency of urban vehicles. Therefore, traffic flow prediction methods based on artificial intelligence are widely used in traffic management. However, the existing traffic flow prediction methods need to collect raw data, which involves risks of vehicle privacy leakage. Federated learning, which shares model updates without exchanging local data, has gradually become an effective solution to achieve privacy protection. A federated learning traffic flow prediction model for regional transportation systems is proposed in this paper. At the same time, due to the emergence of highly intelligent automatic driving vehicles, a vehicle scheduling system, which can control the departure and routes of vehicles in urban regions is developed in the proposed approach. A road weight measurement method combined with real time traffic information is introduced to optimize the driving routes of vehicles to reduce the average travel time. Additionally, departure strategy, is another factor that has a great influence on traffic efficiency, but is usually ignored in the past, and is also carefully compared and studied in this paper. The numerical results illustrate that the proposed schemes can effectively improve the privacy protection ability of model updates, reduce the scheduling completion time by using the traffic flow prediction model, and realize the comparative research between departure strategies, which provides a reference for developing a safe and efficient regional transportation system.

Diagnostics of Subsystems of Material and Equipment Supply Chain: Delivery by Rail in Orenburg Region

The process of supply of enterprises with material and equipment is one of the most important conditions for uninterrupted and productive performance of economic entities. Therefore, it is important to pay attention not only to the number of transactions and purchases, and rational use of those resources but also to the time of delivery to enterprises, to the travel time. Delay in supply of necessary resources may cause reduction in production efficiency that further will result in losses for enterprises. This topic is relevant not only for individual business structures and organisations, or all over the national transport system, but from the regional aspect as well.The article using an example of Orenburg region considers not only general issues of development of regional transport and logistics system but also the features of rail transportation.The proposed classification of subsystems of supply chain management based on core activity indicators supposes further in-depth diagnostics to reveal the causes of occurrence of signs of inefficiency in rail transportation and their prompt elimination.

Methods to Forecast Transport Systems Development under Modern Conditions

The objective of the work is to study methods for forecasting transport systems development and determine their suitability under economic instability conditions.The modern methodology for forecasting the development of regional transport systems includes expert and formal methods, methods of active and passive forecasting.The use of expert systems, scenario forecasting and strategic planning can be mentioned as promising areas.Scenario planning is more adapted to non-linear transformations in the economy than traditional linear planning. In traditional planning, the past explains the present, in scenario planning, the future is the meaning of the present, the future is created.The variety and instability of statistical indicators encourages creation of hybrid systems of forecasting models. They are based on regression models, as well as on intelligent models, including artificial neural networks, analytical networks, etc., which are complemented by scenario forecasting.The identification of the main factors that determine the functioning of the transport network of the European and Ural Arctic facilitated the choice of methods for forecasting its development. The main factors negatively affecting the development of the transport network of the region under the study are the insufficiency of freight flows in the ports; insufficient capacity of seaports’ access roads; political, social, natural-climatic, and other risks.The example of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) illustrates the use of a hybrid system of forecasting models to obtain possible values of traffic volumes. Based on the analysis of regression models and the study of the possibility of achieving the target traffic volume by 2024, it was concluded that this model is basically acceptable for forecasting the volume of goods transported along the NSR.