Regional Development In India Research Articles

The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Financial Performance of Indian Banking Sector: An Analytical Study

An efficient and sound banking system is one of the cornerstones of a strong economy. India’s banking system differs greatly from that of other Asian countries due to the nation’s distinct geographic, social, and economic attributes. The banking industry makes a significant contribution to the Indian economy by providing timely loans to all societal segments while also collecting deposits from them. Commercial banks promote balanced regional development in India by providing the required financial infrastructure and finances for underdeveloped areas. They also encourage individuals to preserve their money and use it for investments in profitable endeavours, so fostering economic growth and resulting in a significant boost to employment prospects. In recent times, the Indian banking sector is an industry that is expanding quickly and changing its shape through mergers and acquisitions with prime objectives to control the rise in bad loans or non-performing assets, robust financial health, upgradation of technology and ensure better scale efficiency. Numerous domestic and foreign banks are involved in merger and acquisition activities. This study tries to examine how major mergers and acquisitions have operated in the Indian banking industry. A crucial pre-requisite is the integration of the Indian banking sector through mergers and acquisitions based on business considerations and strategies. Bank mergers encourage institutions to expand globally and create better synergy while also enabling larger banks to acquire the troubled assets of smaller banks. Thus, the present paper is an initiative to elucidate the need for bank mergers and acquisitions and to study the impact of such mergers and acquisitions on the equity shares of the shareholders’ capital and on the financial performance of the concerned banks.

Linking Migration, Diversity and Regional Development in India

Diversity is important for cultural and economic factors. Diversity is an inclusive concept and has proven to enhance team performance, foster innovation and be better for overall economic factors. Migration is a continuing phenomenon in India, and each region possesses its own unique culture and skills. Migrants from different places of birth bring their own culture and specific skills which is beneficial for the regional human capital and economies. With the help of the fractionalisation index and panel regression models, the paper finds that diversity, as measured by migration by place of birth has a positive and significant relationship with the income growth of the states. This is consistent with a trend of increased migration to the industrialised or higher GDP states, such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The study shows that the diversity of people originating from different regions is beneficial for economic progress. This mobility and assimilation of people and cultures will positively affect a region and economy.

Using night time lights to find regional inequality in India and its relationship with economic development

Due to unavailability of consistent income data at the sub-state or district level in developing countries, it is difficult to generate consistent and reliable economic inequality estimates at the disaggregated level. To address this issue, this paper employs the association between night time lights and economic activities for India at the sub-state or district-level, and calculates regional income inequality using Gini coefficients. Additionally, we estimate the relationship between night time lights and socio-economic development for regions in India. We employ a newly available data on regional socio-economic development (Social Progress Index), as well as an index that represents institutional quality or governance. Robust to the choice of socio-economic development indicators, our findings indicate that regional inequality measured by night time lights follow the Kuznets curve pattern. This implies that starting from low levels of socio-economic development or quality of institutions, inequality rises as regional socio-economic factors or quality of institutions improve, and with subsequent progress in socio-economic factors or quality of institutions, regional inequality declines.

Spatial differences and pattern evolution of Multi-scale Urban Land between China and India

Abstract. “The dragon and the elephant” between China and India is an important manifestation of global multipolarization in the 21st century. As an engine of global economic growth, China and India have similar development processes, different development models as well as differences in urban development, which have attracted widespread attention from scholars. Based on the 1992–2012 consecutive annual nighttime lighting data (DMSP-OLS), this paper uses the Gini coefficient, the Getis-Ord Gi* index and the Compounded Night Light Index (CNLI) to conduct a multi-scale comparative analysis of the differences in urban development between China and India from the perspective of geospatial. The results show that: (1) The space of urban land in the two countries expanded rapidly, with an average annual expansion rate of 5.24% and 3.85% respectively. China's urban land expansion rate is 1.36 times that of India. Among them, the arid resource towns in northwest China and the resource towns in central India have recently developed rapidly. (2) India’s imbalance in development is more prominent than China’s. China's regional and provincial imbalances are narrowing, while the regional differences in India are gradually widening. (3) The spatial pattern of land use in both countries shows a certain degree of coastal and inland differences. The main spatial pattern of China's regional development is the difference between East-Central-West, while the spatial pattern of regional development in India is North-South difference. (4) The strength of the expansion of the core cities of the two countries is quite different. From 1997 to 2007, China's core urban expansion intensity remained at a relatively high level while India was at a relatively low level. But from 2007 to 2012, India's core cities expanded at a relatively high level while China was at a relatively low level.

Multilevel Geographies of Poverty in India

Summary Since the economic reforms in India in 1991, there has been a proliferation of studies examining trends of economic development and poverty across the country. To date, studies have used single-level analyses with aggregated data either at the state level or, less commonly, at the region and district levels. This is the first comprehensive and empirical quantification of the relative importance of multiple geographic levels in shaping poverty distribution in India. We used multilevel logistic models to partition variation in poverty by levels of states, regions, districts, villages, and households. We also mapped the residuals at the state, region and district levels to visualize the geography of poverty. We used data on 35 states, 88 regions, 623 districts, 25,390 villages and 202,250 households from the National Sample Survey in years 2009–10 and 2011–12. Our study found that geography of poverty in India cannot be fully explained by clustered distribution of poor households, and that there may be important contextual factors operating at the state and village levels. We found 13% of the variation in poverty to be attributable to states, 12% to villages, 4% to districts and 3% to regions, after accounting for important household characteristics. Similar variance partitioning was observed for rural and urban sample. The relative importance of one contextual level was highly sensitive to other levels simultaneously considered in the model. Findings from this study suggest that further explorations using multilevel modeling are warranted to identify specific contextual determinants of poverty at the state and village levels to reduce poverty and promote balanced regional development in India.

Inter-State Disparities in Higher Education: Affecting Economic Development in India

The pivotal role of human resources is now universally recognized in economic growth. As modern education in India has been in vogue for more than two centuries, it may be surmised that the disparities in education might have been eliminated, by and large, during this long period. However, the fact remains that the differences of natural resource endowment, infrastructural regional inequalities, and paucity of financial resources led to the adoption of selectivity in regional development in India, which resulted in the disparities of social and economic development among the states. Research has been done to understand the intertemporal differential development of the states. This research paper is based on secondary data, supplemented by state wise data of population and gross state domestic product. The study used both econometric and statistical tools for the analysis of data. The methods and models used in the study ranged from simple tools of descriptive statistics like mean, median, variance, and coefficients of skewness and kurtosis. The data was also subjected to more rigorous two-factor ANOVA without replication to supplement the application of descriptive statistics. A very high degree of intertemporal and interspatial disparities was highlighted by these results. Socioeconomic inequalities emerged from the uneven distribution, and hence, a high degree of spatial concentration of population and population distribution among the Indian states was also examined.

Regional Development in India: Paradigms Lost in a Period of Great Change

A U.S.-based geographer and specialist in India's urbanization, industrialization, and development outcomes surveys the state of comparative regional development in India, utilizing multiple definitions of "region" and "development." Much of the analysis is undertaken at the scale of India's state-level administrative units, with some additional analysis based on groups of states (meta-regions) and districts (sub-regions). Development is conceptualized along several dimensions: income, poverty, social conditions, industrialization, and agriculture. Ultimately, there is evidence of both increasing and decreasing regional inequality, depending on the scale of analysis and dimension of development selected. The author concludes with a critical evaluation of the theories of regional development as they apply (or do not) to the political economy of India's uneven regional development.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN POST-REFORM INDIA: LIKELY TO WORK WONDERS FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT?

We make use of a new and detailed database on FDI approvals since the early 1990s to address two major issues related to FDI and regional development in India in the post-reform period. First, we analyze the location choices of foreign investors. The evidence indicates that the concentration of FDI in a few relatively advanced regions may have prevented FDI effects from spreading across the Indian economy. Second, we evaluate whether the link between FDI and economic growth has become stronger in the aftermath of reforms. Various categories of FDI are indeed positively correlated with per-capita income growth across Indian states. However, it is only for the richer states that FDI appears to be associated with higher growth. FDI is thus likely to increase regional income disparity in India. ; We make use of a new and detailed database on FDI approvals since the early 1990s to address two major issues related to FDI and regional development in India in the post-reform period. First, we analyze the location choices of foreign investors. The evidence indicates that the concentration of FDI in a few relatively advanced regions may have prevented FDI effects from spreading across the Indian economy. Second, we evaluate whether the link between FDI and economic growth has become stronger in the aftermath of reforms. Various categories of FDI are indeed positively correlated with per-capita income growth across Indian states. However, it is only for the richer states that FDI appears to be associated with higher growth. FDI is thus likely to increase regional income disparity in India. ; Direktinvestition; Regionale Entwicklung; Standortwahl; Regionale DisparitA¤t; SchA¤tzung; Indien; FDI approvals , sub-categories of FDI , location choice , economic growth , regional divergence;

Economic Liberalisation, Changes in Industrial Locations and Regional Development in India

During post-1991, India has been witnessing a rapid and widespread growth in industrialisation, especially in the service sectors, like the IT, visual media and entertainment. These sectors grow at a CGR rate of 30-40 per cent a year. Moreover, they tend to locate in agglomerated markets (large cities, e.g.). What are the implications of this in terms of regional economic development in India ? There are signs that since the mid 1980s, there has been a new impetus on increasing regional economic disparities [9]: “divergence” rather than “convergence” in per capita State Domestic Product (SDP) has been the norm among the Indian states. The paper intends to assess the locational shift in industrialisation in recent times and its implications for the regional economic development of India. The process entails (i) political fall-out in terms of lagging regions, which cannot capitalise on the new technology and investments in service industries; (ii) large-scale migration of young manpower to employment opportunities in the fast growing regions; and (iii) increasing of income differentials and social welfare standards between the constituent states of India.JEL Classification: R12

Investigating the linkage between infrastructure and regional development in India: era of planning to globalisation

The paper tries to find out the role played by economic and social infrastructure facilities in economic development across Indian states over the last quarter century. Infrastructure services have been indexed with the help of principal component analysis. Both parametric and non-parametric estimates are done to assess per capita income disparity. A comparative static framework is developed for testing the nature of movement of the development trajectory in income infrastructure plane over different time spans. The findings are statistically very significant to warrant new regional policies under the overall framework of globalisation in order to remove rising regional disparities in both infrastructure and income. This has a strong bearing on the success of poverty removal policies under globalisation as the poor are regionally concentrated in such diverse and heterogeneous country.

Conference on Regional Development in India and China (19-20 November 1998): A Report

Conference on Regional Development in India and China (19-20 November 1998): A Report

Rural Services, Rural Infrastructure and Regional Development in India

This paper analyses the spatial distribution of rural services in selected regions of three states in India (Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu), based on data collected over three decades. In spite of economic disparities between regions, Christaller's Central Place Theory provides a framework in which to examine demographic, functional and spatial characteristics of settlements in these regions. In all regions, there has been a tremendous improvement in rural service provision, since the late 1960s, especially in smaller sized settlements. Over time, more complex services in particular, have become more widely available. In Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, the introduction of new agricultural technologies was largely responsible for stimulating such improvements, whereas in Maharashtra they were a consequence of urban industrial development in a metropolitan city. The government played a critical role in this process during the earlier stages of development of the regions, which facilitated greater involvement of the private sector at later stages. The changes in rural service provision are further examined in the context of decentralized service centre planning in India. The analysis suggests how the concepts and methodologies employed in this study might provide the basis for a more integrated regional approach to planning and policy formulation for rural service provision at the district level in India.