Regional Archives Research Articles

Archival documents on the events in the Yaik Cossack army that preceded the “pugachevshina”

This article shows in detail the process of development in the Yaik Cossack army of the conflict situation between ordinary Cossacks and their senior leadership during the several decades preceding the “pugachevshina”. Currently, this topic continues to be poorly studied and practically unrelated to the topic of “pugachevshina”. Documents deposited in the capital’s archives (RGADA and RGVIA), as well as in the Orenburg regional archive (OGAOO), made it possible to reconstruct in detail the events of the Yaik Cossack uprising of 1772 and show their direct connection with the “pugachevshina”. For citation: Dubovikov A.M. Archival documents on the events in the Yaik Cossack army that preceded the “pugachevshina”. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2024, vol.14, no.3, pp.52–68. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2024-14-3.52-68 (In Russian)

Оценка взаимосвязи брачно-миграционных характеристик населения Белгородской области в динамике за 130 лет

Background: The importance of studying the dynamics of the population-demographic structure of the population of the south of Central Russia over several generations dictates the need to conduct this study. The aim of the study: Assessment of the relationship between marriage and migration characteristics of the population of the Belgorod region over 130 years. Materials and methods: The object of the study is the Belgorod region (Belgorod, Grayvoronsky, Korochansky, Novooskolsky, Starooskolsky, Valuysky, Krasnogvardeysky and Alekseevsky (formerly Biryuchansky) districts (uezds). The dynamics of population-demographic indicators (migration parameters, isolation by Maleko distance, marriageable age, nationality of spouses) were studied over the past 130 years in the context of 5 time periods. The material was the data of 39,130 marriage records of acts of church and parish books of the Civil Registry Office Archive of the Belgorod Region of the late 19th century and civil status acts of the regional Civil Registry Office archive. In order to assess the relationship between the isolation parameters, Maleko distance and other population-demographic indicators, a correlation analysis (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) was carried out. Results: Marriage and migration indicators are characterized by pronounced interrelated dynamics. Over the 130-year period, there was an increase in the proportion of heterolocal marriages (by 11 times), the level of local inbreeding (by 2 times), and the root-mean-square distances between the places of birth of spouses, taking into account long-distance migrations (by 6.9 times) and without them (by 13.3 times), effective migration pressure (1.5 times), age of marriage for men (from 24.12 to 30.98 years) and women (from 20.5 to 28.71 years), expansion of the national composition. The root-mean-square distances between the places of birth of spouses, taking into account long-distance migrations, were positively correlated with the proportion of men of other nationalities (r=0.90) and women of Ukrainian nationality (r=0.90), and the root-mean-square distances between the places of birth of spouses without taking into account long-distance migrations were negative correlations with the proportion of men (r= -0.90) and women (r=0.90) of Russian nationality and positive correlations with the proportion of women of other nationalities (r=0.90). Conclusion: In the Belgorod region, over the past 130 years, an increase in the root-mean-square distances between the places of birth of spouses, taking into account long-distance migrations, led to an increase in the proportion of men of other (except Russian and Ukrainian) nationalities and the share of women of Ukrainian nationality, and an increase in the root-mean-square distances between the places of birth of spouses without taking into account longdistance migrations led to a decrease in the share of men and women of Russian nationality and an increase in the share of women of other nationalities.

Women Education in Colonial Punjab: Significance of Women Teachers and Training Institutions

This paper documents and analyzes the dynamics of women’s education chronologically, with a focus on women teachers and training institution in Punjab, before its annexation in 1849 by the British and during its colonial phase. Prior to 1849 Punjab had a vibrant and thriving indigenous educational system. There are evidences that women received education through the existing mechanisms, a fact appreciated by William Adam in his famous reports. The change in the medium of instruction from ‘Persian’- the official language of the state, to ‘Urdu’ after annexation, proved detrimental not only to the women’s education but overall education too. The unavailability of women teachers added to the despair as the simple idea of a ‘woman teacher’ was widely challenged by several old schools. The male opposition fearing competition from lesser paid women colleagues, and existing stereotypes regarding the responsibilities of women, restrained the efforts for women teacher training. Allender admits that not only in India but also in Britain, women teaching professionals had to struggle for acceptance. The training schools advanced the cause of women education through native women; it was agreed that only native women could help extend women’s education; hence they must be trained for this cause. As a result of this historic phenomenon, we now have the National Council for Teacher Education training men and women teachers. As we embark on this research, data collected from various Regional and National Archives and libraries related to women’s education in colonial Punjab has been reoriented to develop arguments according to the theme of this paper. This research shall enrich our understanding about decisive constituents of women’s education in Punjab from a historical perspective; and reflect on the contemporary need to create a women inclusive system and functionaries working at the grassroots to reduce inequality of opportunities and recognition.

Sistem Informasi Manajemen Arsip Daerah Pada Dinas Perpustakaan Dan Kearsipan Tanah Laut Berbasis Web

The District Library and Archives Office of Tanah Laut Regency is a local government unit responsible for assisting the government in organizing library and archives affairs. In these activities, the archives are still in the form of hard copies, which can be lost or damaged in case of fire, natural disasters, and other unforeseen events. Moreover, hardcopy archives are also subject to deterioration with age. To address these challenges, the author developed a Web-Based Regional Archive Management Information System at the District Library and Archives Office of Tanah Laut. The system was built using the incremental model and programmed in PHP (CodeIgniter Framework), HTML and CSS, while being designed using Entity Relationship Diagram and Unified Modeling Language. The system underwent black-box testing conducted by Batuah Teknologi Semesta, resulting in successful testing of the system's features and performance. The data used in the Web-Based Regional Archive Management Information System at the District Library and Archives Office of Tanah Laut consists of hardcopy archive data from each department within Tanah Laut. Therefore, the system was developed to provide various features that enable users to perform essential tasks. The main features of the system include the management of inactive, obsolete, and static archives.

Between diaspora and region: Tony Gatlif and Mehdi Ben Attia

The article investigates the creative tensions between diaspora and region as they appear in queer Maghrebi francophone visual culture. By examining two important films from Maghrebi-French cinema – Tony Gatlif’s Exils (2004) and Mehdi Ben Attia’s Le fil (2009) – the article theorizes an affective understanding of diaspora and regionality wherein ephemeral aesthetic objects constitute regional archives of feeling and assemblages that reveal the messy complexities of identity, space, and belonging in a Maghrebi postcolonial setting. In so doing, the article also aims to ascertain how regional constellations of queer diasporic aesthetics may lead to new forms of kinship and community for minority ethnic and sexual subjects.

REPERTÓRIUM ACADEMICUM GERMANICUM PROJEKT

The Repertorium Academicum Germanicum (RAG) is a long-term digital project that has been researching the students and scholars of the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) between 1250 and 1550. In 2020, the RAG was integrated into the larger project Repertorium Academicum (REPAC), which now also includes the Repertorium Academicum Helveticum (RAH) and the Repertorium Bernense (RB). The three sub-projects analyse different European regions: the HRE in the RAG, the Swiss Confederation in the RAH and the territory of the city of Bern in the RB. REPAC is based at the Historical Institute of the University of Bern. The common goal of the projects is to create prosopographical foundations for the history of the impact of scholars and their knowledge in order to clarify the origins and developments of the modern knowledge society. Methodologically, the projects combine approaches from social, university and knowledge history with digital prosopography. At the centre is a research database in which the biographical events of students and scholars are recorded. This data is localised geographically and temporally to enable dynamic visualisations on maps, in networks and time series. The analyses focus on the geographical and social mobility of individuals and on the dissemination and application of academic knowledge by individuals and institutions such as universities, schools, churches, monasteries, ecclesiastical and secular courts and tribunals. In addition, this digital methodology enables together with the tools for data visualisation the reconstruction of specific knowledge spaces analysing their determining factors. This article explains this methodologies using the Hungarian scholars documented in the RAG. This group is a vivid example of the study of academic knowledge circulation and spaces in European networks, with the University of Vienna playing a central role as a mediator of knowledge. The Hungarian scholars demonstrate fundamental research perspectives that are particularly relevant for collaborative approaches: Since biographical data collection requires in-depth knowledge of the historical background of the respective region, an in-depth study of the Hungarian scholars in the RAG would be particularly insightful if their biographies could be digitally supplemented with information from regional or local libraries and archives.

Coping strategies work stress among librarians in public library

Background of the study: Stress is an inseparable part of a person's professional life, including the librarian profession. One of the librarians who experiences work stress is the Librarian of the Regional Archives and Library Service (DAPD) of Buleleng Regency. Remember, DAPD is the only district-level public library operating in Buleleng. The number of activities carried out, the various characters of the users served, and the library's targets make DAPD Buleleng librarians very vulnerable to work stress. Purpose: The main aim of this research is to find out what the sources of work stress are and what strategies the DAPD Buleleng librarians use to overcome the work stress they experience. Method: This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The technique for determining informants uses purposive sampling techniques and data collection techniques using interviews, documentation, and literature study. Findings: From the research results, it is known that the source of work stress for DAPD Buleleng librarians is caused by two main situations, namely threatening situations such as excessive workload and unsuitable qualifications, inability to adapt to technology, attitudes, and character of librarians, and job targets that do not meet expectations; and challenging situations such as learning new things and maximizing efforts to achieve desired targets. The strategies used by DAPD librarians to deal with work stress are, sharing work, looking for a place that can restore their good mood, doing fun activities while at home, telling stories to colleagues, and praying to God. Conclusion: It turns out that the work stress experienced by librarians also has an impact on work life and personal life. The results of this research can be a reference source for libraries that librarians need to have an understanding of the ability to manage work stress.

Стахановцы торфяной промышленности 1930-х годов: вариант ответа на модернизационный вызов эпохи

The article examines the development of the Stakhanov movement in the peat industry of the USSR on the example of centralized peat farms of Glavtorf and peat processing of individual industrial enterprises and trusts in the territory of the Kuibyshev, Penza regions and the Mordovian ASSR during the pre-war five-year plans. The source base of the article was the funds of the Russian State Archive of Economics, regional archives of the Penza, Samara regions and the Republic of Mordovia, articles by peat specialists, an autobiographical brochure by the drummer Nikolai Zezyulin. Unlike other industries, for which historians have noted an increase in accidents, the specifics of the work of Stakhanovites on peat-mining machines were manifested in the prevention of breakdowns and improvement of equipment. In the peat industry at the all-Union and regional levels, there was a combination of material and moral factors stimulating the Stakhanov movement.

Архивные источники о системе органов охраны общественного порядка и совместной деятельности с общественными объединениями: 1922–1991 гг. (на примере юга Дальнего Востока СССР)

In this article, the authors analyze and summarize unpublished (archival) sources that elucidate the development of the system of public order protection bodies and joint activities with public associations in the territories of the Khabarovsk Krai and Primorsky Krai, as well as the Amur Oblast. It is emphasized that at the modern stage of state development, the outlined issue remains pertinent, retaining significance for the highest governing elite of the Russian Federation and society at large. Particular attention is paid to the funds and documents of the central and regional archives, where diverse information is concentrated, which indicates that the Far Eastern territory as a whole, all its structural bodies and public organizations developed in the national context of the chronological period under consideration. The features of the activities of law enforcement officers and people’s squads in the context of complications of the Soviet-Chinese border policy are indicated. In summary, the authors emphasize that the presented documentary archival base significantly expands the historical space about the social processes that took place in the south of the Far East of the USSR in the period from 1922 to 1991, and their legal field.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Koleksi Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur.

The purpose of this study was to describe the collection development policy implemented at the East Kalimantan Provincial Library and Archives Office. In this study the authors took a qualitative approach using descriptive methods, namely collecting data through library research and field research through interviews, observation and collection of documents related to the problem and analyzing data inductively. This research was conducted at the Library and Archives Office of East Kalimantan Province, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 4 Samarinda East Kalimantan. Researchers applied interactive data analysis techniques which include data reduction, data display, and verification. The results of the study showed that the Regional Library and Archives Office of East Kalimantan Province in carrying out collection development has not been fully achieved. This is due to limited manpower and cooperation in handling the collection development process. The collection development process is in the form of adding collections, namely; purchases, gifts and deposits. The collection development process includes six activity components consisting of community analysis, selection policy, selection, procurement and weeding of collections and collection evaluation.

Workers and Employees of Bashkiria and Udmurtia in 1940-1955: Employment Figures and Wages

This comparative analysis examines data on the workforce in two regional economies (Bashkiria and Udmurtia) during the years 1940-1955. The selected period is unique due to the extreme transition from peacetime to wartime economies and back. Special attention is given to analyzing the indicator of “average monthly wage levels”. Materials from leading federal archives and one regional archive were utilized. A detailed comparison of indicators between the two regions is conducted. It was found that before the war, industry played a significantly larger role in Udmurtia's economic structure compared to Bashkiria, but during the war years, the proportion of industrial workers in Udmurtia only slightly increased, while in Bashkiria it more than doubled (a consequence of evacuees being relocated). The study reveals that during the examined period, sectors such as construction and geological exploration developed at a significantly faster pace in Bashkiria compared to Udmurtia. In 1940, the largest sector by number of workers and employees was the industrial sector, with the educational system coming in second place, playing a key role in preparing the workforce. The conclusion drawn is that by the end of the study period, a positive outcome was achieved with living standards surpassing pre-war levels.

Aeolian dynamics at the northern edge of Deliblato (Banat) Sand Sea, Vojvodina, Serbia, at the time of the last deglaciation

Abstract The Deliblato (Banat) Sand Sea, which is one of the largest areas of аeolian sand in Europe, is located near the Iron Gate, which marks the crossing of the Danube River through the biggest gorge of this river. Here, Danubian alluvium has served as the sand source for the Banat Sand Sea, which was formed primarily through southeasterly (Košava) winds. Utilizing a multi-proxy approach, the objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of the environmental dynamics of the Banat Sand Sea. To achieve this goal, we conducted an analysis of an archive representing an approximately 20-m-thick dune formation on the northern edge of this dune field. Using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, we calculated aeolian sedimentation rates and dune ages. Sand was deposited here approximately between 17 ka and 13 ka. Magnetic susceptibility, grain size, and colorimetric analyses were interpreted in terms of local paleoenvironmental conditions. Calculated sedimentation rates (SR) indicate intensive aeolian deposition during the study period that range from 483 cm/ka to 502 cm/ka. We compared our data with regional and other European archives, as well as with climatic variations recorded in the Greenland ice core North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP).

Issues of the functioning of soviet industrial cooperation in the restoration of the Bryansk region (1943–1945)

This study is devoted to industrial cooperation in the Bryansk region in the context of the restoration of this region after the Nazi occupation. Based on archival materials presented by the records of cooperative industry officials of the Bryansk region directly and their capital authorities, as well as reporting data from industrial cooperation and the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR from the funds of two federal and one regional archives, an attempt is being made to restore the history of industrial cooperation in the Bryansk region, highlighting features of the functioning of this system in the economy of the USSR using the example of a specific liberated subject of the Russian Federation. The article is based on a descriptive method using technology geographic information systems in the QGIS program. The author states the presence of serious obstacles in the work of Soviet industrial cooperation associated with the low material and technical equipment of industrial cooperative artels, as well as the complexity of the planned tasks assigned to them, but at the same time concludes that there is a certain limit of trust on the part of the state in terms of attitude towards the cooperative industry, which was expressed in the release of industrial cooperation with more serious plans compared to the main competitors of industrial cooperation in the form of local industry. Despite the low labor productivity, cooperators demonstrated high survival rate due to the combination of the active use of state resources, which provided all possible assistance to artels and the trade unions that form them, and the use of their own potential, expressed in the form of the possibility of simplified organization of production and investment long-term lending of intra-cooperative origin.

The municipal company of musicians of Medina del Campo, 1566–1598

Abstract In the second half of the 16th century the musicians of Medina del Campo came together to form a company in order to provide the music for all the celebrations taking place in their town. This initiative offers the possibility of broadening our knowledge about the functioning of municipal companies of musicians in the Spanish urban centres of the 16th century. The rich corpus of documents found in the regional archive of Valladolid permits the activity of this company to be traced in detail: how it was created, which musicians were involved, the regulations they followed, the patrons they worked for, the instruments they used, and how they taught their pupils. As will become apparent, the company of Medina del Campo functioned much like the guilds supporting many other trades, in which hierarchy, duties and communal good in both professional and social matters were carefully prescribed.

Activities of Parish Guardianships of Tobolsk Diocese in Second Third of 19th — Early 20th Centuries

The article examines the issues of creation, functioning, and main directions of activities of parish guardianships of the Tobolsk Diocese in the second third of the 19th — early 20th centuries. The study is based on materials from federal and regional archives, as well as the “Tobolsk Diocesan Gazette.” It is noted that the organization of guardianships was part of the church reforms during the reign of Alexander II aimed at revitalizing parish life. The conclusion is drawn that the guardianships did not live up to the expectations placed on them. Despite their quantitative growth, parishioners preferred to allocate funds for decorating churches rather than improving the clergy’s standard of living. Even in the most affluent parishes, expenses did not focus on enhancing the priests' material well-being. The alienation of the clergy and laity, dissatisfaction of diocesan authorities with the possible loss of control over church revenues and expenditures, and priests’ fears that guardians might try to isolate them from parish affairs were reasons for this phenomenon. Nevertheless, the work of the guardianships prompted parishioners to rethink their rights regarding parish self-government and had a positive impact in this regard.

Closure of the Tsaritsyn Gun Factory in the summer of 1918

In this article, using comparative historical and historical-genetic methods, a study of the history of the Tsaritsyn gun factory was undertaken at the turning point of its existence - the summer of 1918. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were put forward: to consider the circumstances of the decision to close the plant, to monitor its implementation, and also find out whether the plant was used in the future and whether it contributed to the defense of Tsaritsyn in the summer-autumn of 1918. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that since key government figures of the first decades of Soviet power took part in the closure of the plant, and the plant as a whole was an important strategic object , to the extent that studying this issue is important for understanding the political processes of the Civil War. The main material was the plant documentation stored in the Volgograd regional archive; a number of materials from collections of documents were used, as well as personal sources, for example, the memoirs of A.G. Shlyapnikov. During the study, including on the basis of new archival materials, clarifying circumstances of the closure of the Tsaritsyn plant were established: the decision-making process was traced both in Moscow and in Tsaritsyn, the exact date of A.G. Shlyapnikov’s departure was established, due to which he was unable to take part in the process of closing the plant, a conflict was revealed during the closing of the plant between I.V. Stalin and P.V. Filippov, in which S.K. Minin became an intermediary. Finally, accurate data has been found that allows us to talk about the contribution of enterprises established on the basis of the Tsaritsyn plant to the defense of the city in 1918.

Earthquake supercycles and fault interaction over the past 32 ka in the Lake Ebinur area, Xinjiang, China

Earthquake prediction and disaster assessment in tectonically active regions require a continuous and complete regional seismic archive, which is commonly difficult to obtain, especially for prehistoric records. Here, high-resolution analysis of the sedimentary sequence from Lake Ebinur in Xinjiang revealed a detailed history of environment evolution since 32 ka ago. Both the Cl content and ultrafine proportion revealed the changing climate: the climate was relatively dry with low lake-water volumes from 32 to 12 ka, while the climate became warmer and wetter since 12 ka. In addition, eight earthquakes were identified by comprehensive analysis of grain size and geochemical element proxies, showing more than two seismic supercycles, with gaps of ∼10.4 ka; these gaps are much larger than those inferred previously (∼4–7 ka). Notably, these seismic events exhibited a pattern of mutual transmittance between the BoA and Jinghenan faults. Such fault interaction can occur in the Lake Ebinur area because it is dominated by weak lithosphere in which strain is easily accumulated and released; the interaction can also be attributed to the unique spatial distribution and immature nature of both faults. Combined with trenching investigations, our high-resolution analysis of lacustrine sediments can reveal a complete history of tectonic activity, which can efficiently serve regional earthquake prediction and disaster assessment.

Public Catering at Logging Sites in the Middle Volga Region during the Pre-War Five-Year Plans

The article examines one of the most important aspects of the industrial and domestic components of the logging process in the 1930s. The work of canteens and food stations for lumberjacks is considered using the example of the Middle Volga region, whose logging was typical for the European part of the USSR. At the same time, the article compares regional problems of catering at logging sites with all-Union trends. The source base for the article was the funds of regional archives of the Penza, Samara and Ulyanovsk regions and materials from periodicals of the 1930s. In general, the catering system at the logging sites of the largest logger in the Middle Volga region, the Sredles trust, was organized already at the end of the first five-year plan. The greatest number of problems in the public catering system in the third five-year plan were recorded in the Kuibyshevles sections. Typical methods for supplying the canteens of timber industry enterprises with products in the 1930s. began to organize their own subsidiary farms and purchase food. There are numerous complaints about the quality of food prepared in the forestry industry canteens. In some cases, the shortcomings of catering at logging sites were associated not with the general food shortage in the USSR, but with the low professionalism of canteen workers.

World War I and Identity Crisis of Russian Germans

The authors consider the position of Russian Germans in the empire, who during World War I became victims of the foreign policy circumstance. There is analyzed the process of the transformation of the state-ethnic identity of the Germans through the identification of factors that had a psychological impact on them and contributed to the formation of a “negative” identity in their environment. The sources for the study are the letters of military doctor F.O. Krause and Russian Germans who served on the Caucasian front, as well as German colonists from various provinces of the Russian Empire; decrees and orders of the military and civil administration, periodical materials; office correspon- dence between ministries and other materials stored in the central and regional archives of the Russian Federation. The study shows that the rise in nationalist sentiments in Russian society and the implementation of anti-German policy in the country exerted significant psychological pressure on Russian Germans. Due to this, during World War I they found themselves in a “new reality.” The authors come to the conclusions that influenced by numerous factors, Russian Germans had to choose various ways to preserve their identity: changing the name, emigrating, completely immersing themselves in their professional activities.

Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Peasant's House in the 1920s.

After the end of the Civil War, a new type of hotel enterprise appeared in Soviet Russia – the Peasant's House. The first Peasant's House was opened in 1922 in Moscow. The experience of its operation was recognized as successful and regional Peasant Houses began to open throughout the country. In Nizhny Novgorod, the Provincial Peasant's House began its work in 1925. His task was to serve the peasants coming to the city. They were provided with a hostel and meals. The peasants received legal assistance, various references and advice on various issues. Political and educational activities were also provided for peasant walkers: excursions, radio broadcasts, visits to the library. Lectures, reports, debates, question and answer evenings, as well as individual conversations were held in the Peasant's House. From the first years of the Peasant's Houses, the Soviet government sought their transition to full self-financing. The paper provides an analysis of the main directions of development of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Peasant House in the 1920s. The article is based on the materials of the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region Regional Archive (TSANO), periodicals, scientific literature. The article uses historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods, as well as general scientific methods such as description and comparison. The conducted research showed that the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Peasant's House was in a difficult situation in the 1920s. Like any new business, the organization and activity of the Peasant's House faced considerable difficulties. The normal activities of the Peasant's House were hampered by material problems. The residential premises provided by the government needed major repairs. The subsidies allocated for political and educational work were not enough. The situation changed only in the early 1930s, when the government decided to build new buildings for peasant Homes.