Region Of Pennsylvania Research Articles

Monongahela and Pittsburgh District Glass: 19th Century

Growth of glass industry in american, in particular in the prime production region of pennsylvania; Information on company names, raw materials used and their costs, machinery used, employees, wages, capital, and products produced and their values; Specific data on window glass.

Tectonically Controlled Sedimentation During Middle Paleozoic in Northeastern North America: ABSTRACT

The Silurian-Mississippian time interval in northeastern North America can be subdivided into major interregional, depositional, and erosional episodes, reflecting vertical movements of the North American crustal plate. A detailed analysis of the preserved depositional record indicates the presence of 6 major unconformity-bounded sequences on the eastern craton, 3 in the transitional region of New York and Pennsylvania, and 2 on the Appalachian plate margin of the New England States and the Maritime Provinces. Good biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic control clearly demonstrates that this decrease in the number of sequences is due to an easterly increasing change in tectonic style reflected by higher rates of subsidence, less uniform erosional fragmentation, and bette preservation. The interregional pattern of preservation and the predominance of carbonate facies suggest broad epeirogenic movements during Silurian time. Pronounced facies changes and variations in thickness during Early and early Middle Devonian time characterize the transition from epeirogenic to orogenic movements of the Acadian orogeny. Isostatic uplift and foredeep development mark the late Middle and late Devonian. The Mississippian record indicates greatly increased subsidence on the craton and tensional block faulting, with renewed volcanism on the Appalachian plate margin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 781------------

Insecticide residues in human milk

The average content of DDT in 53 samples of human milk fat from two Pennsylvania regions was 2.40 p.p.m. (0.16 p.p.m. for heptachlor epoxide and 0.08 for lindane). About 74 per cent of the DDT was p,p′-DDE. Only eight samples had concentrations of DDT below 1.25 p.p.m., the federal tolerance set for DDT, DDD, and DDE in the milk fat of cows. Mothers who had nursed three or more babies had DDT concentrations in their milk fat below the average, whereas the four highest concentrations of DDT were in milk fat of mothers who were nursing an infant for the first time.

Population Trends of the Alfalfa Weevil 1 Larvae and the Distribution of Its Parasites in Pennsylvania 2

Larval population trends of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), and the distribution of Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg), Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), and B. anurus (Thomson) were investigated during 1969 and 1970 in the central and southern regions of Pennsylvania. Weevil larvae began to hatch in mid- to late April in the southern regions and about 2 weeks later in the central regions. The population increased steadily and reached a maximum in 3–4 weeks after the eggs hatched. The larval population declined sharply following the peak. A partial 2nd peak occurred in midsummer in several of the regions, but no more than 10 larvae per sweep were collected at any sample site throughout the remainder of the growing season. Peak weevil larval populations were somewhat lower in 1970 than in 1969 in 3 of the 5 sampling regions. The population densities were highest in the west and the lowest in the east. A significant correlation was observed throughout the State between the longitudinal minutes of the sample sites and number of weevils found during the population peak in 1969. Significant correlations existed for these parameters in the southern region in 1969 and 1970 when these sample sites were analyzed alone. T. incertus and B. curculionis were found in all the fields surveyed throughout the State. B. anurus, although released in the southeastern and south-central regions, was recovered only from the southeastern region. B. anurus appeared well synchronized with its host population. T. incertus was found in alfalfa fields in early May, but parasitization was exceedingly low while the larval populations were high, never being greater than 4.5% in any region prior to mid-June. Percent parasitism increased substantially following the peak larval populations, and although it remained relatively high it fluctuated for a major portion of the growing season. Dispersal of B. curculionis and its subsequent establishment throughout the State appeared to have occurred in a westerly direction and from release sites within the State. Percent parasitism at weevil larval population peaks was highest at or near release sites. Sample sites farthest from release sites, i.e. western regions, had the lowest percent parasitism. Effective parasitism by B. curculionis appears contingent on its ability to superparasitize the host and thus avoid encapsulation. In sample sites at or near release sites a more favorable density relationship appears to exist for superparasitization. The highest percent parasitism at the host population peak was observed at these sample sites.

Impact of Public Land Programs on Local Government Finances

AbstractPublic land ownership is often assumed to adversely affect the fiscal capacity of local governments through removal of part of the property tax base. A method employing multiple regression analysis was developed to test this hypothesis in a forested region of Pennsylvania. Neither higher tax rates on private land nor reduced levels of per capita local government expenditures were found to be associated with large amounts of public land, thereby indicating that local governments are not placed at an economic disadvantage by public land programs. Extended use of this analytical technique could result in better public policy decisions on resource use.

Attitudes, Goals, Achievements, and Educational Needs of Adolescents from Two Appalachian Communities

This study investigated differences in attitudes, goals, and achievements in adolescents from two neighboring but culturally and economically divergent communities who attend the same high school in the Appalachian region of Southwestern Pennsylvania. Eight-one pairs of students matched by sex and class attainment participated in the study. Significant differences were found in modes of family living, recreation, attitudes toward sex, peer group activities, and many other facets of living. Of special interest were the indications of differences in scholastic achievement and in educational and vocational goals of the two populations. The differential achievement may partially reflect school official's attitudes.

A study of health care in western Pennsylvania

The present paper represents a summary of the findings of a six month study of health care in the western Pennsylvania region, conducted by the Biotechnology Program of Carnegie-Mellon University during 1968. The study, one of six, was commissioned by the Committee on Engineering in Medicine and Biology of the National Academy of Engineering. A parallel study of Bioengineering in Pennsylvania, sponsored by the Pennsylvania Science and Engineering Foundation of the Department of Commerce, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, was conducted simultaneously with the NAE study. Major conclusions of this paper center about the need for introduction of modern technology into the health care industry.

Soil‐Site Characteristics and Occurrence of Sugar Maple Canker in Pennsylvania

The occurrence and severity of an annual canker disease among sugar maples, Acer saccharum Marsh., were studies with respect to the soil. topographic, three, and stand c characteristics of maple—growing sites in the nonglaciated plateau and mountain region of Pennsylvania. Symmetric correlation, multiple regression, and factor analytic procedures were used in interpreting approximately 100 variables, or interactions among variables, measured on each of 62 plots. The analyses indicated that occurrence and severity of cankering was most closely associated with those characteristics peculiar to slowly permeable soils. On the heavily cankered plots soils were relatively shallow to an impervious layer, and the A horizons contained a greater clay content and more pore space. A decrease in the percentage of the total root count in the surface 6 inches of these soils indicated that the surface layer was not particularly favorable for the development and survival of roots. The lower vigor of sugar maples growing on such sites was significantly correlated with greater canker incidence.

Interpretation of Geological Features on a Satellite Photograph

DURING examination of automatic picture transmission system photographs taken by Nimbus 1, a photograph exposed from 308 miles above Lake Ontario, during orbit 254, on September 14, 1964, clearly showed the complex folded pattern of the Appalachian Mountains in the Pennsylvania region. The photograph, produced by a slow scan kinescope method, designed and developed by the National Research Council of Canada, specifically to record and reproduce the full capabilities of the 800-line high-resolution automatic picture transmission vidicon of this American meteorological satellite, was one of many received at Ottawa and Frobisher Bay ground stations.

STUDIES OF NATURAL HYBRIDS IN AMELANCHIER

Eight populations of Amelanchier growing in the Delaware River valley regions of New Jersey and Pennsylvania were analyzed, using the techniques of the hybrid index. No barriers to hybridization were found in the populations of A. arborea and A. laevis, and of A. canadensis and A. laevis, and a complete range of plants intermediate between these two sets of parental extremes were analyzed. These species are homoploid, with 2N = 68. In contrast, no plants were found which are intermediate between A. canadensis and A. arborea on the basis of morphologic characters. Consideration is given to the significance of ecological and temporal barriers to gene flow. The suggestion is made that A. canadensis, A. arborea, and A. laevis be considered as one variable co-specific complex under the earliest valid epithet, A. canadensis (L.) Medic. (1793).

Predominance of Archaeopteris in Upper Devonian Flora of Western Catskills and Adjacent Pennsylvania

In the western Catskills and the adjacent region of north-central Pennsylvania the Upper Devonian deltaic sediments are highly fossiliferous, containing numerous large fragments of compressed plant axes and compressions of Archaeopteris foliage. Of 13 pieces of pyritized wood collected from compressed axes, all were identified as Callixylon (the stem and root of Archaeopteris) on the basis of grouped and radially aligned bordered pits. Because of the great abundance and large size of many of the compressed axes (up to 6 cm in diameter), the excellence of preservation of the foliage of Archaeopteris, evidence that this foliage was deposited in a marine sediment, and, relative to Archaeopteris and Callixylon, the low frequency of occurrence of specimens of other genera in the area, it is concluded that the coast of the Upper Devonian inland sea, in the region studied, was probably densely forested by woody plants of which Archaeopteris was the most common.

Appalachian Tectonic Deformation and the Deep Basin: ABSTRACT

Much of the central Appalachian region fits a single geometric pattern that is bilaterally symmetrical to an axis or radius passing N. 40°W. from the Baltimore dome through the high point of the Nittany arch. Many elements are likewise concentric to a focus situated on that axis near Baltimore and (or) are symmetrically tangential to a baseline that crosses the above axis at right angles in the vicinity of Baltimore. It is suggested that all of these symmetrical features result from (a) primary uplift of the Baltimore dome with outward gravitational sliding in the overlying skin of sediments; (b) a secondary forward movement along the axis of a crustal block containing the Baltimore dome; or (c) some combination of these two factors. There is possible distortion of this symmetry along a conjectured slip- or wrench-fault at about Lat. 40° N., which may involve a dextral offset amounting to 80 or more miles along a trace now concealed by younger sediments or the Atlantic Ocean, from the Susquehanna River eastward to the Kelvin Seamount Group, 400 miles offshore at Lat. 40° N. The nature of the deep part of the central Appalachian basin is reviewed in the light of a general theory of End_Page 376------------------------------ Appalachian tectonic deformation which accepts the foregoing hypotheses as valid. This reappraisal strongly supports the no-basement concept of deformation wherein structures of the sedimentary cover are independent of those in the basement. It suggests that depths to the basement may be considerably less than those predicted by customary calculations; that the true configuration of the top of the basement may not be calculated implicitly from the assumed thickness of overlying sediments; and that structural trend-lines in the basement may not be those of the sediments above. The loose-ended crystalline Reading prong (of the Hudson Highlands) and South Mountain prong (of the Blue Ridge) are both believed to have slid westward away from the Baltimore dome. Both are regarded as having over-ridden their own original roots and now occupy an overthrust position. The unusual deformation of the anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania is attributed to this shift of the Reading prong. The Burning Springs anticline is thought to be a late effect, also crescentic or arcuate with respect to the Baltimore dome. Most deep Appalachian wells are drilled on surface-visible anticlines. Probably the synclines show strata least removed from their pre-deformational position. An isopach map utilizing only synclinal data seems to show sedimentary trends extending toward, rather than converging along, the site of the present Blue Ridge. A palinspastic map is presented on which the arcuate folds of the central Appalachians are eliminated in line with the thesis here explained. When delineated on this restored base map, isopachs for several mid-Paleozoic series still show curvature concentric with the Baltimore dome. This is believed to demonstrate an original domal, rather than lineal, source for these clastic sediments. Finally, the lineation or extension of certain undescribed non-fold trends--perhaps joints facilitating the migration of oil or gas--seems also to follow the geometric pattern controlled by the N. 40° W. axis and its N. 50° E. baseline. It is thus suggested that the regionwide Appalachian occurrence of oil and gas is a definite function of the pattern being described. End_of_Article - Last_Page 377------------

Actual causes of certain occupational dermatoses.

This is the fifth of a series of papers of actual causes of certain occupational dermatoses. The patients were observed by me and were claimants under the Pennsylvania law governing workmen's compensation. They were workers in many industries in the highly industrialized region of eastern Pennsylvania. Not all industries or occupations are represented (for geographic reasons), for example, agriculture and mining. Most reports of the actual causes of occupational dermatoses give the number of cases attributed to a single agent, or enumerate the causes under occupations. This is illustrated in many recent reports.*I have selected a different method of classification. In my first report,1in 1943, it was observed that the specific causes fell into a number of main groups (shown in the Table) each with subdivisions that were discussed in the report. In subsequent reports2,3,4an additional number of cases of occupational dermatoses were added to

Melanistic Gray Squirrels in Cameron County, Pennsylvania

Several studies of the gray squirrel have been made in the eastern states, but relatively little attention has been given to wild populations of the northern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis leucotis , where the melanistic color phase was common. Perhaps nowhere within the gray squirrel's present range is the black squirrel more prevalent than in certain regions of Pennsylvania. It was for this reason that our squirrel studies in the Ridge and Valley Province of the state, where the melanistic phase was not encountered, were expanded to include a study of a gray-black squirrel population in Cameron County, Pennsylvania. Forests in Cameron County are typical high country types—beech-birch-maple and transition hardwoods—and it is within these types that the black squirrel finds its optimum habitat. When observed in the field under most light conditions, these squirrels appear black. But upon live-trapping and handling melanistic gray squirrels, it was apparent that the intensity of blackness varied among individuals. Pure black squirrels were objects of rare beauty when encountered in full winter pelage. The purpose of this paper is to report not only on the color phases of the melanistic gray squirrel, but to discuss something of its history in Cameron County, the ratio of blacks to grays in a wild population, the sex ratio, general range and ecology. Historical accounts .—The most comprehensive report of the decline of black squirrels in regions where they were once abundant is the historical account by Schorger (1949) according to which the black squirrel was formerly present in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. It is now restricted to reduced portions of the northernmost limits of its former range. From the mid-Appalachian Plateau and High Mountain provinces in West Virginia and Pennsylvania the present range of the melanistic gray squirrel …

POCONO PALEOCURRENTS IN PENNSYLVANIA AND MARYLAND

Research Article| August 01, 1958 POCONO PALEOCURRENTS IN PENNSYLVANIA AND MARYLAND BERNARD R PELLETIER BERNARD R PELLETIER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1958) 69 (8): 1033–1064. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[1033:PPIPAM]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 04 Jun 1957 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation BERNARD R PELLETIER; POCONO PALEOCURRENTS IN PENNSYLVANIA AND MARYLAND. GSA Bulletin 1958;; 69 (8): 1033–1064. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[1033:PPIPAM]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract A combined petrographic, stratigraphic and sedimentological study was made of the Pocono formation (Mississippian) of Pennsylvania and Maryland to determine the paleocurrent system, source area, and paleogeography of Pocono time.Measurement of 5000 cross-bedding attitudes at 254 localities and studies of other current structures showed transport direction was toward the northwest. The paleoslope, reconstructed by contouring the moving average of the largest diameter of the 10 largest quartz pebbles at each outcrop, dipped west and northwest across Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and western New York. Tilt-corrected trends of 325 oriented plant remains in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania are about perpendicular to the regional current direction.Extrapolation of the size-distance curve of the pebble diameters, after adjustment for crustal shortening, indicated the vicinity of Atlantic City, New Jersey, as a probable source area.Stratigraphic studies, petrographic analyses, the paleocurrent pattern, and numerous current structures indicate that the Pocono formation was fluviatile and derived from clastic sediments and low-rank metamorphic rocks.Measurements of cross-bedding in Upper Devonian, Mississippian Mauch Chunk, and Lower Pennsylvanian strata at 35 localities showed that the current pattern is essentially the same as that of the Pocono. Calculations based upon the southeastward increase in pebble size, corrected for crustal shortening, showed the Pottsville (Lower Pennsylvanian) source area was a few miles south of Philadelphia and about 100 miles northwest of that of the Pocono. The source region had migrated toward the northwest. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Connellsville Beehive Coke Region a Declining Mineral Economy

T nHE economy of a number of regions in the United States has been developed primarily as a result of the availability of a mineral resource. As a result of more than a century of intensive mineral exploitation, many of our mineral regions are exhausted and many more are in a stage of declining production. Consequently, many of these mineral areas have long been in an economically depressed condition. Solution of their problems has seldom gone beyond the giving of temporary relief funds by the government and frequently this type of aid has perpetuated and increased the difficulties. How can a sound economy be developed in a mineral region? This is one of the fundamental social and economic problems of our times. The dynamic nature of a mineral economy is well illustrated in the evolution of the Connellsville Beehive Coke Region of southwestern Pennsylvania (Fig. 1). From 1880 to about 1918, this area was world famous for its expanding economy in the production of quality coke. It is not so well known that for the past three decades this area has had a declining economy and remains today one of the most economically depressed areas in eastern United States.

UPPER CAMBRIAN STRATIGRAPHY IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS

Research Article| March 01, 1952 UPPER CAMBRIAN STRATIGRAPHY IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS JAMES LEE WILSON JAMES LEE WILSON THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, AUSTIN, 12, TEXAS Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1952) 63 (3): 275–322. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[275:UCSITC]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 01 Jun 1951 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation JAMES LEE WILSON; UPPER CAMBRIAN STRATIGRAPHY IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS. GSA Bulletin 1952;; 63 (3): 275–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[275:UCSITC]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract This paper presents a stratigraphic and paleontologic study of the Upper Cambrian exposed in three linear belts in the central Appalachians: (1) in the Nittany Arch region of southern Pennsylvania (Warrior and Gatesburg formations), (2) in the Shenandoah-Cumberland Valley of Virginia, West Virginia, Mary-land, and Pennsylvania (Elbrook and Conococheague formations), and (3) the Frederick Valley (Frederick limestone) of Maryland. Cambrian stratigraphy in the three areas is discussed, and a new member is named in the lower part of the Conococheague formation. A general facies change west to east from arenaceous dolomite (Gatesburg formation) to silt-laminated limestone (Conococheague formation) is indicated in the geosyncline.Charles Butts' earlier correlation of the Warrior with the Elbrook and the Gatesburg with the Conococheague formation is found to be approximately correct on the basis of trilobite faunas. The paleogeographic significance of the stratigraphy is outlined on a regional isopachous-facies map.Trilobites identified from the Warrior, upper Elbrook, and lowest Conococheague formations indicate a Dresbachian age for these beds. Trilobites of Franconian age from the middle Gatesburg and lower Conococheague formations show more complex relationships. The Ore Hill member of the Gatesburg formation contains in descending order the Conaspis and Elvinia faunizones, the latter replaced eastward in the Conococheague formation by a new trilobite facies fauna. The fauna is named for its most abundant trilobite, Pseudosaratogia magna, and in the Conococheague constitutes a lower Franconian faunizone equivalent to the Elvinia unit in the standard sequence. Trempealeauian trilobites are identified from the upper Conococheague formation. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Northeastern Pennsylvania and Central New York Petroleum Probabilities

The plateau regions of northeastern Pennsylvania and adjacent, central New York have as yet been non-productive of gas or oil. Nevertheless, their structures and stratigraphy offer possibilities which may warrant future exploration. At least one major unconformity and several minor disconformities are known. There are numerous facies shifts. Potential source and reservoir beds occur. Folding is recognized, but is not fully interpreted, due largely to glacial till cover and lack of geophysical exploration.

Trenton and Sub-Trenton of Outcrop Areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland

Trenton and sub-Trenton rocks of the outcrop regions in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland are described, and their conditions of origin and paleogeography are discussed. The basement rocks are considered with respect to regional characters, possible causes of magnetic and isostatic anomalies, and relation to deformation of the Paleozoic sediments. New stratigraphic charts, and new isopachous and paleogeographic maps are presented for the Glenarm, the Lower Cambrian, the Middle and Upper Cambrian, the Lower Ordovician, and the Middle Ordovician sediments of the region, with accompanying discussions of the stratigraphy, regional relations, and sedimentation of the deposits. Brief consideration is given to relations of the Trenton and sub-Trenton at the outcrop in New Yor , Pennsylvania, and Maryland, with respect to search for oil and gas in the more westerly subsurface areas of these sediments.

INCIDENCE OF PULMONARY AND EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN ANTHRACITE COAL MINERS

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a frequent complication of anthracosilicosis. A study made by the United States Public Health Service 1 in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania in 1934 showed that 20.4 per cent of miners and mine laborers over the age of 55 (i. e., those having the longest exposure to mine dusts) had clinical tuberculosis. A survey has just been completed at the White Haven Sanatorium 2 of the incidence of tuberculosis among anthracite miners coming to autopsy in the various institutions in Luzerne County. Of 541 cases in which autopsy was performed on miners, pulmonary tuberculosis was the principal cause of death in 21.3 per cent, whereas of 730 cases in which autopsy was performed on male nonminers of the same age during the same period in the same institutions tuberculosis was the cause of death in 8.9 per cent. In other words, pulmonary tuberculosis is more than twice