Reflexive Relationship Research Articles

Hybrid Approach Using Multi-Relational Weighted Matrix Factorization (WMRMF) and Cohen’s Kappa (Sk) to Refine Educational Items Clustering

In the context of adopting the competency-based approach (CBA) as a new teaching methodology in sub-Saharan countries, and particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, the development of learning content that is aligned with the economic, socio-cultural, and scientific needs of society is of paramount importance. Educational experts have therefore proposed competencies and associated tasks for educational programs. However, these learning contents often face issues of task redundancy. The present paper aims to address this problem by proposing a hybrid approach to educational item clustering, combining weighted multi-relational matrix factorization (WMRMF) and Cohen’s Kappa (Sk) techniques (Sk-WMRMF). This approach takes into account not only student performance and achievements but also a novel reflexive relationship, “tasks-require–tasks”. To evaluate the Sk-WMRMF approach, we conducted a survey among students in general secondary schools in Côte d’Ivoire. With an accepted task redundancy threshold of 0.185, an RMSE score of 0.198, and an improvement rate of 90.47% in the “tasks–skills” mapping, the results demonstrate that Sk-WMRMF enhances the elaboration of “task-skill” mappings. This not only improves learning content but also facilitates the updating of curricula in accordance with the CBA approach.

Self-repair in Korean conversation

This paper analyses the practice of self-initiated (same-turn) self-repair in Korean conversation, from a conversation-analytic perspective, with the focus on “post-positionally” conducted morphological repair. Korean is a predicate-final language with an agglutinative system, where a case marker or a sentence-ending suffix post-positionally marking the root (e.g., noun or verb stem) may become a repairable, being replaced by another, rearticulated, or even suppressed or blurred (in the case of turn-finally occurring repair). The analysis suggests that post-positional repair of the root or suffixes (e.g., sentence-ending suffixes or turn-final clausal connectives) embodies the repairer’s orientation towards rendering the action more “normatively appropriate” in a way that is more recipient-designed, face-sensitive, or solidary. Explicating the reflexive relationship between the repairable and the repair solution is shown to be a useful comparative-analytic practice, illuminating the way post-positional morphosyntactic elements in Korean are deployed as paradigmatically related interactional resources managing action, face and relationships

Repetition for real-time coordination of action: Lexical and non-lexical vocalizations in collaborative time management

Repetition has often been argued to be a semiotic device that iconically signifies ‘more content’, such as intensity and plurality. However, through multimodal interaction analysis of materials in English, Estonian, and Swedish, this paper demonstrates how self-repetition is used to coordinate actions across participants and temporally organize the ongoing activity. The data are taken from infant mealtimes, pilates classes, dance training, boardgames, rock climbing, and opera rehearsals. Repetition of both lexical and non-lexical tokens can prolong, postpone, and generally organize segments of action as well as co-create rhythms and moves in a moment-by-moment reflexive relationship with other (non-vocalizing) participants. A crucial feature of repetitions is that they can be flexibly extended to fit the other’s public performance, its launching, continuation, and projectable completion. We argue that the iconicity of repetition emerges through its indexical relationship to other bodies, as a real-time jointly achieved phenomenon.

The reflexive relationship between financial and social exclusion for the selected Central-Eastern European countries

This study primarily examines how the risk factors that lead individuals to social exclusion, disadvantage, and deprivation contribute to financial exclusion and vice versa. This causal relationship for financial and social exclusion is formulated using the simultaneous equations model. Along with the causal relationship, this study identifies the leading personal and environmental determinants for both the probabilities of being unbanked and socially excluded. I use demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic information from the Life in Transition Survey III, conducted in 2016. The study found a reflexive causal relationship between financial and social exclusion in the selected Central-Eastern European countries. Namely, people at risk of social exclusion are more likely to be excluded from access to financial services. On the other hand, those at risk of financial exclusion are more likely to be socially excluded.

Analyzing L2 Classroom Dynamics: A Conversation Analysis Perspective

This paper explores the reflexive relationship between pedagogy and interaction in second language (L2) classrooms, employing Seedhouse’s (2004) model and Conversation Analysis (CA) methodology. The analysis covers three contextual dimensions: form-and-accuracy, meaning-and-fluency, and task-oriented contexts. The study reveals the dynamic interplay between pedagogical focus and interactional organization, showcasing how participants negotiate linguistic forms, repair sequences, and engage in turn-taking to accomplish pedagogical goals. Despite critiques emphasizing the emic perspective’s limitations, the paper underscores CA’s contribution to understanding language use in teaching, offering pedagogical insights for language educators.

No Space for Reddit Spacing: Mapping the Reflexive Relationship Between Groups on 4chan and Reddit

4chan and Reddit have often been lumped together as similar home turfs for geeky, masculine-coded, problematic communities thriving under laissez-faire governance. However, stressing these similarities may overlook not only how the platforms have drifted apart in political-economic terms but also how their similarity encourages assertions of difference between its users. In dialogue with theories on ritual opposition and platform imaginaries, I interrogate this dialectic by tracing the relationship between groups on 4chan and Reddit. How has this relationship developed over time and between subgroups? What do the fractured, fluctuating cross-site associations teach us about the collectivity of both sites? By quantitatively mapping cross-mentions in large archives of Reddit, 4chan/b/, and 4chan/pol/, I identify a lopsided rivalry: 4channers consistently employed antagonistic phrases and stereotypes of Reddit, but 4chan’s relevance throughout Reddit is waning. I moreover find that a platform imaginary of 4chan as neutral, diverse, and unfiltered contradicts with the incessant discursive hostility of its users. The text thereby demonstrates how the collectivization of online subcultures is shaped by reflexive cross-site relations that feature a complex interplay between discursive boundary work, contrasting platform vernaculars, and political resentment.

“It's not just about the numbers”: Inside the black box of nurses' professional judgement in nurse staffing systems in England and Wales: Insights from a qualitative cross-case comparative study

BackgroundWhether implicit or explicit, professional judgement is a central component of the many nurse staffing systems implemented in high-income countries to inform workforce planning and staff deployment. Whilst a substantial body of research has evaluated the technical and operational elements of nurse staffing systems, no studies have systematically examined the role of professional judgement and its contribution to decision-making. ObjectiveTo explore nurses' use of professional judgement in nurse staffing systems in England and Wales. MethodsA cross-case comparative design centred on adult in-patient services in three University Health Boards in Wales and three National Health Service Trusts in England. Data generation was undertaken between January 2021 and March 2023 through stakeholder interviews, observations of staffing meetings, and analysis of documents and artefacts. Observations were undertaken in clinical areas but limited to three cases by COVID-19 restrictions. Analysis was informed by translational mobilisation theory. FindingsTwo kinds of professional judgement were deployed in the nurse staffing systems: the judgement of clinical nurses and the judgement of senior nurse managers. The research highlighted the reflexive relationship between professional judgement and data, and the circumstances in which organisations placed trust in people and when they placed trust in numbers. Nurses' professional judgement was central to the generation of data, its interpretation and contextualisation. Healthcare organisations relied on the professional judgements of clinical nurses and senior nurse managers in making operational decisions to mitigate risk, where real-world understanding of the status of the organisation was privileged over formal data. Professional judgement had attenuated authority for the purposes of workforce planning, where data was a master actor. Nurses expressed concerns that strategic decision-making prioritised safety and efficiency, and formal measurement systems did not capture important aspects of care quality or staff wellbeing, which made it difficult to articulate their professional judgement. ConclusionsThe implementation of staffing systems is resource intensive. Given limited evidence on which to recommend any specific methodology, the priority for future research is to optimise existing systems. If nurses are to deploy their professional judgement to proactively influence the conditions for care, as well as responding to the challenges of risk mitigation, there is a need for robust systems of nursing measurement aligned with agreed standards of care and a vocabulary through which these judgements can be articulated. Tweetable abstractHealth systems depend on nurses' professional judgement for operational staffing decisions, but data is privileged over professional judgement for workforce planning.

Prevalence of cervical postural alterations in oculomotor disturbances: a Brazilian cohort study

The literature suggests that maintaining correct posture depends on a balance between orientation and balance, which is linked to the reflex relationship between the oculomotor system and the superior cervical spine. Any disruption to this relationship can cause postural deviation, as the posture is dependent on head balance and eye horizontality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cervical posture alterations, such as head tilt, rotation, and protrusion, scapular waist changes, scoliosis, kyphosis, and lumbar hyperlordosis, in patients with oculomotor disturbances, including convergent, divergent, and vertical squint, and convergence insufficiency. The study evaluated 24 patients aged between 4 and 39 years old, both male and female, through ocular motility and postural examination. The results showed that all patients with oculomotor disturbances also had postural imbalances, and the percentage of alterations in the posture segments was high. Therefore, oculomotor disturbances can cause postural imbalance, leading to orthopedic and facial asymmetry. The study concluded that patients with oculomotor disturbances should be evaluated to determine the compensatory positions they adopt and set a better visual performance that does not alter their appearance in the long term.

The Lived Religion of Two Daimista Women in the Context of the Transnationalization of Santo Daime: Notes about a Feminized Religion

In this article, I discuss the experience of two daimista female leaders located in The Netherlands and in Japan. The reason why their stories are here is because of the prominence of Santo Daime in these countries per world region (Europe and Asia), where the leadership of these women have great projection in the daimista transnational field. The data discussed here were collected through in-depth interviews by using the life history technique. The objective was to analyze how these women experience this religion outside its context of origin. Their religious background appeared as something very important to their lived religion, showing cultural elements with which Santo Daime ends up having to negotiate in the religious global flows. Also, it seems that the feminization of Santo Daime is not only about women’s entrance in this religion, more than that, it is about a feminized way to live and experience religion. Over all, there is a reflexive relationship between Santo Daime and these women because their lives are changed by this religion just as their agency contributes to changes in the core of it and its transnationalization process.

Two echo chambers: Contradictions in voices of women social entrepreneurs in China

This study uses data from Chengdu, China, to analyse two differing approaches of Chinese women social entrepreneurs in gender discussions and the fight for women’s interests: gender and development and women in development. Each approach has formed an echo chamber and the development of social enterprise certification in China has deepened the gap between them. Balancing the practical and strategic interests for policy formulation and cultural construction is a process that requires the coordination of various women’s groups and their interests. Better dialogue in the public sphere and social systems is needed to broaden the understanding of women’s social entrepreneurship and facilitate a benign reflexive relationship between their differing voices and related policies.

The blue door: A portal to a community of learners

ABSTRACT For Terry Wood, the personal and professional were seamlessly connected. In her “House with the Blue Door” graduate students and visiting scholars lived; people gathered for conversations and music; the community reflected and found connections between important ideas. This chapter sets the stage for the special issue by contextualizing Terry’s personal and professional life with anecdotes shared during the May 2021 Terry Wood Memorial Event. We see how she conceptualized knowledge development as a collective enterprise, putting into practice this worldview as a basis for life and for advancing the field of mathematics education. This reflexive relationship between theory and practice informed a body of powerful scholarship that continues to shape the field. Less recognized—and perhaps more importantly—these stories, and the subsequent chapters, reveal how Terry’s investment in teachers, graduate students and colleagues resulted in the growth and development of scholars and teachers across multiple countries and continents.

The reflexive relationship between available university services and mental health ideations: A complexity informed perspective

Using Communication Complex as our theoretical framework, we explored socially constructed notions about mental health from a complexity informed perspective. Through qualitative interviews we investigated the availability of mental health services provided at three universities—one in Wrocław, Poland; one in Semarang, Indonesia; and the third in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. From our interviews we interpreted several salient themes across all three cultures. Discussions about mental health services are meaningless without first defining mental health in pursuit of ascertaining what counts as caring for one's mental health—a process which raises a host of epistemological and ontological questions in both the academic setting and the larger social milieu. These conversations also reified the importance of considering one's whole health, how stigma plays a role in defining mental health “issues”, and what stories are being told about the nature of mental health across several cultures. We argue that there is a deeper, reflexive relationship between the ways people talk about mental health and what services are offered that goes beyond traditional notions of what mental health “is” and what counts as a mental health service.

Reflective processes in clinical simulations from the perspective of the simulation actors

ABSTRACT Simulation-based learning (SBL) relies on reflective practices presented from the perspectives of the participants, instructors, and actors. To date, most research in SBL has examined the reflectivity of the simulation participants and simulation instructors; only a few have considered the professional actors’ perspectives, and these did not explore their reflective activity in depth. This study is the first attempt to focus specifically on the reflective practices of the professional simulation actors in the SBL process. Fifteen professional simulation actors participated in this case study. Triangulation was achieved by using three data collection tools: reflections, interviews, and focus groups. An inductive analysis of the data revealed the professional actors’ efforts to establish a reflexive relationship with the simulation participants and its significance in the SBL process. The adoption of the clinical model, originating from the medical field, in the field of teacher education, as well as the study’s focus on the practice of reflectivity rather than on specific content, suggests that the findings regarding the simulation actors’ reflective processes may be applied to other fields.

O-156 Role of botulinum toxin for the treatment of sexual and pelvic pain in endometriosis

Abstract Pelvic pain persists despite standard care in about 30% of women with a history of endometriosis and pain. Pelvic pain may be accompanied by spasm in pelvic floor muscles that results in sexual pain, impairs intimacy, and might contribute to maintenance of chronic pelvic pain. These women also often have pain sensitization, within and beyond the pelvis. Botulinum toxin is commonly used for conditions with muscle overactivity and pain. We therefore evaluated its potential to decrease pelvic floor spasm and ameliorate chronic pelvic pain in such women. In a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial, women aged 18-50 years with surgically diagnosed endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain despite optimized hormonal treatment received 100U onabotulinumtoxinA or placebo into pelvic floor muscles with palpable spasm (NCT01553201). At least one month after the masked injection and any time over the next year, participants could request a 2nd injection, which was always botulinum toxin, again injected into muscles with spasm. Pain and spasm were assessed before the first (masked) study injection and one month later (before a second open injection of botulinum toxin) as the primary outcome measure and then at regular intervals over the next year, including after the optional 2nd injection. The women were able to continue their regular pain medications while in the study but were asked not to change any hormonal treatments they were using. Pain medication usage and other aspects of response, including side effects, were tracked. This National Institutes of Health study included 29 women who were premenopausal and who had persistent pain for over 10 years on average despite having optimized standard treatment, such as surgery and hormones, for their endometriosis. All had pelvic floor muscle spasm and described the pelvic floor as a major focus of pain. Twenty-two of 23 reporting current hormone use had menses suppression. Nineteen of 29 characterized pelvic tenderness as focal, not diffuse. All showed widespread myofascial dysfunction with myofascial trigger-points in >two-thirds of assessed regions. Widespread sensitization was present in 16/29; regional sensitization (thoracic: 20/29; pelvic 17/29) was common. The primary outcome, participants’ self-report of benefit and pain relief, showed that botulinum toxin was more likely than placebo to provide benefit. On exam, the women receiving toxin had a corresponding decrease in spasm in the muscles of the pelvic floor compared to before injection. Twenty-seven women requested a 2nd injection, 16 at the one-month time point and 11 later in the year. The 2 patients who did not ask for a 2nd injection had received botulinum toxin and experienced persistent benefit; one subsequently became pregnant. Over the entire year-long study, only 4 patients, two from the group who initially received botulinum toxin and two from the placebo group, did not have durable benefit even after the 2nd injection. Sixteen women had continued benefit at the end of the study. While there was local pain and discomfort with the intravaginal injections, there were no serious side effects attributable to the botulinum toxin itself at the 100U dose used in the study. Baseline and current disability predicted improvement in pain, sexual intercourse, functioning, fatigue and mental health scores. We demonstrate pelvic floor muscle spasm as part of endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain and relief of pain/spasm from onabotulinumtoxinA compared to placebo that persisted over time. OnabotulinumtoxinA was well-tolerated. The findings illustrate a viscero-somatic reflex relationship between endometriosis lesions and muscle spasm and suggest that pelvic floor spasm may initiate or maintain sensitization. Although additional research is needed, this study supports that onabotulinumtoxinA can safely and effectively treat chronic pelvic pain in women with a history of endometriosis and ongoing spasm in the pelvic floor muscles.

Metonymy, reflexive hyperbole and broadly reflexive relationships

Abstract I explore some relationships between metonymy and a special type of hyperbole that I call reflexive hyperbole. Reflexive hyperbole provides a unified, simple explanation of certain natural meanings of statements such as the following: Sailing is Mary’s life, The undersea sculptures became the ocean, When Sally watched the film she became James Bond, I am Charlie Hebdo, John is Hitler, The internet is cocaine and I am Amsterdam. The meanings, while of seemingly disparate types, are deeply united: they are all hyperbolic about some contextually salient relationship that has a special property that I call “broad reflexivity.” Although a few of the types of meaning of interest have metonymic aspects (or metaphorical aspects), reflexive hyperbole cannot just be explained by a straightforward application of metonymy theory (or metaphor theory). Indeed, I argue instead for a dependency in the converse direction: that much and perhaps even all metonymy is rooted – if sometimes slightly indirectly – in broadly reflexive relationships, though not usually in a hyperbolic way.

HUMAN RIGHTS THROUGH SPORTS AND ART

<p>Over time, since the ancient times until today, there have been events in sports history concerning the right to freedom of expression. The important thing was that the sports festival highlighted this situation, as shown in the history of Kallipateira in the 5th century BC. [8], - that of the mother who did not have the right to see and admire her Olympian son, Peisidoros and who even faced the death penalty - and that story of the American 200-meter Olympic sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos (Mexico, 1968), who at the awards ceremony with their fists raised and wearing black gloves, barefoot during the recitation of the American national anthem, protested both against US racism towards the black race as well as poverty [9]. These events that were recorded in the history of sports have not left unmoved the artistic community which through the representational expressive activities has framed these events giving them a special tone of value. The purpose of this paper is to study the timeless reflexive relationship between human rights and sporting activity but also the way in which it has been captured until today by artistic activity. The method of literature review and content analysis was used. The research sample consisted of sports stories, works of art, historical events, poems, etc. The Greek intellect body of the interwar period praised the history of the first modern “Kallipateira” by writing an excellent poem that speaks of the right of women to exercise and in life generally, of courage and risk, but also of the respect and responsibility that constitute the pillars of support for dignity and human rights. In conclusion, through the reference made to the relationship between Sports - Art and Human Rights, the present research study concludes in the view of L. Wittgenstein <em>"in the extreme depth aesthetics and ethics coincide</em>".</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0938/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Complaining by category: Managing social categories and action ascription in wargame interactions

This manuscript examines the reflexive relationship between social categories and actions proposed by Harvey Sacks. Using video recordings of interactions at a biannual hobbyist wargaming convention, I use ethnomethodological conversation analysis to investigate how individuals ascribe categories and actions to manage solidarity threats. Specifically, I demonstrate how members (re)characterize some action by proposing the category membership of the person seen to have done it and vice versa. Subsequently, I take up how these practices allow members to manage and mitigate threats to affiliation and solidarity. The analysis focuses on actions produced or received as indicating complainables, with their status as ‘complaints’ being a part of what members negotiate. Ultimately, I argue that this negotiation of categorization and action ascription may point to a potentially omnirelevant and transportable concern for interactants.

Cities and Ruin in American Studies

There is a reflexive relationship between the image of the city and its ruination in American literature and culture. The city orders the way in which we conceive of the democratic experience, and its ruin exposes the problems inherent in that urban order. Far from being set up as an oppositional pair, the concept of “cities and ruins” instigates a semantic dance of interrelated meanings that informs our civic participation and our modes of passing into the future. This essay reviews three texts, recently published, that explore the renewed emphasis in American studies on the role of the city in literature and culture and the processes of its ruin: The City in American Literature and Culture, edited by Kevin McNamara, Miles Orvell’s Empire of Ruins: American Culture, Photography, and the Spectacle of Destruction, and Andrew F. Wood’s A Rhetoric of Ruins: Exploring Landscapes of Abandoned Modernity.

Neural, psychological, and social foundations of collective memory: Implications for common mnemonic processes, agency, and identity.

Recent advances in memory research within psychology and neuroscience have contributed to a shift from examining memory through an individualistic lens towards a growing recognition of potential social and collective influences on mnemonic processes. This shift is prominently illustrated by continuing research on collective memory. Through a scoping literature review, we identify three crucial components defining collective memory: memories held in common across individuals within a social group, which are centrally important to group identity, and which impact significantly on perceived group agency. This review attempts to distil and organize empirical evidence into (i) neural, (ii) psychological, and (iii) social foundations of collective memory, while considering the reflexive relationship between common memory, identity, and agency (CIA). We conceptualize collective memory as based on neuropsychological substrates, influenced by social processes, and extended to societal, historical, and political domains, driven by human sociality. To engage the complexity of, and shed light on, numerous remaining questions surrounding collective memory, future research should embrace a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach focused on issues of common memory, identity, and identity.

Mısır’daki Temmuz 2013 askeri müdahalesine yönelik Amerikan söylemi ve AB politikasının bir analizi

The Arab Uprisings in the regional sense came to a halt with the July 2013 military intervention in Egypt. The military intervention constituted a challenge for the global actors in terms of the level of their commitment to the principles and norms such as democracy and human rights. This article analyzes the US discourse towards the military intervention in Egypt by using the method of discourse analysis. Discourse analysis focuses on the reflexive relationship between discourse and context. Thus, the chaotic Egyptian context offers a good test for the US foreign policy. Furthermore, the EU policy during the Arab Uprisings will be addressed as a point of comparison for the US due to its normative character. Despite the support for democratic values and norms at the discursive level, the US foreign policy prioritized the longstanding alliance with Egypt and the Egyptian military based on shared interests. Naming the military intervention as a “coup” would lead to both political and legal consequences like cutting off the aid to the Egyptian military. In addition to the longstanding alliance, the legal consequences of a coup, possible effects of the US position on the European and regional actors as well as the need for keeping its reputation as a reliable ally contributed to cautious discourse and interest-based policy of the US. The US call for returning to a democratic order meant the acceptance of the results of the military intervention in Egypt and the maintenance of the discourse of “democracy promotion”. On the other hand, the EU policies during the Arab Uprisings also reflected a gap between rhetoric and practice, and they ended in another missed opportunity for asserting its normative power. As a result, the military intervention in Egypt confirmed the primacy of interests rather than norms and principles for the Western actors.