Reflection Lines Research Articles

Cortical development in the structural model and free energy minimization.

A model of neocortical development invoking Friston's Free Energy Principle is applied within the Structural Model of Barbas etal. and the associated functional interpretation advanced by Tucker and Luu. Evolution of a neural field with Hebbian and anti-Hebbian plasticity, maximizing synchrony and minimizing axonal length by apoptotic selection, leads to paired connection systems with mirror symmetry, interacting via Markov blankets along their line of reflection. Applied to development along the radial lines of development in the Structural Model, a primary Markov blanket emerges between the centrifugal synaptic flux in layers 2,3 and 5,6, versus the centripetal flow in layer 4, and axonal orientations in layer 4 give rise to the differing shape and movement sensitivities characteristic of neurons of dorsal and ventral neocortex. Prediction error minimization along the primary blanket integrates limbic and subcortical networks with the neocortex. Synaptic flux bypassing the blanket triggers the arousal response to surprising stimuli, enabling subsequent adaptation. As development progresses ubiquitous mirror systems separated by Markov blankets and enclosed blankets-within-blankets arise throughout neocortex, creating the typical order and response characteristics of columnar and noncolumnar cortex.

Can we make an ecopoetic reading of La Fontaine’s Fables?

In this article, we would like to demonstrate that it is possible to renew the teaching of the Fables through an ecopoetic study, which would enable us to approach our contemporary concerns about ecology in a different way, through the prism of an ancient language and thought. Based on a selection of around forty fables, we will propose a several lines of reflection in order to highlight the ecological – or, more precisely, paleo-ecological – awareness at work in La Fontaine’s corpus. La Fontaine speaks of animal suffering, anthropization and the disruption of ecosystems. Although the words are not the same, the terms La Fontaine uses in his poetry ("demeure", "naturel", etc.) serve to speak of the relationship between humans and living things.

TIME, PERSON AND PLACE BIAS: Expanding the view through the Theory of Scientific Quality Assumptions

The literature presents several classifications for methodological biases, however little is discussed about the possible biases related to the theoretical foundation adopted in the research. Based on the Theory of Assumptions of Scientific Quality, we present reflections and conceptual expansions related to theoretical-methodological biases in research. A critical-reflective text supported by a narrative review, whose material collection process was carried out in a non-systematic way, chosen exclusively and based on the line of argument and reflection that the authors intend to submit to appreciation and public debate. Describe the importance of explaining the theoretical foundation and possible biases related to central aspects of life, namely, the time, person and place for public health research and its intersection with the process of elaboration, development and reporting in scientific studies. Classify and describe the biased types of time, person and place referring to the conceptual and empirical planes and the important elaboration and description of the combination of both for scientific work. It is hoped that this article will raise discussions and reflections on the current theoretical-methodological process that permeates scientific work and encourages the use and adequate explanation of the foundation and its possible theoretical biases.

Geophysical Investigation and 3D Modeling of Bedrock Morphology in an Urban Sediment-Filled Basin: The Case of Bolzano (Northern Italy)

Bedrock mapping is essential for understanding seismic amplification, particularly in sediment-filled valleys or basins. However, this can be hard in urban environments. We conducted a geophysical investigation of the sediment-filled Bolzano basin in Northern Italy, where three valleys converge. This study uses low-impact, single-station geophysical methods suitable for urban areas to address the challenges of mapping in such environments. A dataset of 574 microtremor and gravity measurements, along with three seismic reflection lines, allows for the inference of the basin’s deep bedrock morphology, even without direct stratigraphic data. The dataset facilitates a detailed analysis of the spatial patterns of resonance frequencies and amplitudes, revealing 1D and 2D characteristics of the resonances. Notably, 2D resonances predominate along the Adige valley, i.e., the deepest part of the basin with depths up to 900 m. These 2D resonances, which cannot be interpreted through simple 1D frequency-depth relationships, are better understood by integrating gravity data to develop a depth model. The study identifies resonance frequencies ranging from 0.27 to over 3 Hz in Bolzano, affecting different building types during earthquakes. Maximum resonance amplitudes occur at lower frequencies, specifically at 2D resonance sites, therefore primarily impacting high structures. The 2D resonances are directional, with the most significant amplification occurring longitudinally along the valley axes. The resulting 3D bedrock model aids in seismic site response modeling, hydrogeological studies, and geothermal exploration and provides insights into the geological history of the basin, highlighting the role of the Adige Valley as a major drainage pathway.

Thermo-mechanical aging of carbon-black reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber under cyclic-loading

PurposeThe research aims to investigate the impact of thermo-mechanical aging on SBR under cyclic-loading. By conducting experimental analyses and developing a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model, it seeks to understand chemical and physical changes during aging processes. This research provides insights into nonlinear mechanical behavior, stress softening and microstructural alterations in SBR compounds, improving material performance and guiding future strategies.Design/methodology/approachThis study combines experimental analyses, including cyclic tensile loading, attenuated total reflection (ATR), spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scans, to investigate the effects of thermo-mechanical aging (TMA) on carbon-black (CB) reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). It employs a 3D FEA model using the Abaqus/Implicit code to comprehend the nonlinear behavior and stress softening response, offering a holistic understanding of aging processes and mechanical behavior under cyclic-loading.FindingsThis study reveals significant insights into SBR behavior during thermo-mechanical aging. Findings include surface roughness variations, chemical alterations and microstructural changes. Notably, a partial recovery of stiffness was observed as a function of CB volume fraction. The developed 3D FEA model accurately depicts nonlinear behavior, stress softening and strain fields around CB particles in unstressed states, predicting hysteresis and energy dissipation in aged SBRs.Originality/valueThis research offers novel insights by comprehensively investigating the impact of thermo-mechanical aging on CB-reinforced-SBR. The fusion of experimental techniques with FEA simulations reveals time-dependent mechanical behavior and microstructural changes in SBR materials. The model serves as a valuable tool for predicting material responses under various conditions, advancing the design and engineering of SBR-based products across industries.

Package-Less Liquid Phase Sensing Using Surface Acoustic Waves on Lithium Tantalate Oxide.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducers propagating shear waves are compatible with sensing chemical compounds in a liquid phase. However, if the liquid surrounding the sensor possesses a higher permittivity than the piezoelectric substrate, then the interdigitated electrodes for converting the incoming electromagnetic wave to acoustic waves are susceptible to capacitive short-circuiting, leading to excessive insertion losses. By using high-permittivity lithium tantalate oxide (LTO), we demonstrate chemical sensing in water without the need for dedicated microfluidic packaging. Nevertheless, the gravimetric sensitivity of these package-less transmission Love-mode delay lines remains comparable to that of low-permittivity quartz when appropriately tuning the guiding layer of thin film to confine energy to the surface in a Love mode. We extend the transmission line gravimetric sensitivity measurement to a reflective delay line geometry for passive transducers that can be wirelessly probed. For instance, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can be used for subsurface sensing, here targeting water pollution detection, operating in the 100-500-MHz range. This center frequency was selected as a tradeoff between penetration depth (lower frequency) and antenna size (smaller at higher frequency). Nonspecific binding of proteins detection is shown in the context of biosensing applications.

Des fenêtres culturelles à l’hôpital : susciter de nouvelles perspectives cliniques dans les établissements de santé

ContextThis article is based on doctoral research interested in the effects of “médiation culturelle” – the bi-directional interplay and effects of embedding a cultural experience or artistic process – on institutional behavior, environment, daily routine, and corporate culture. The specific focus here is an original institutional experience, entitled “Windows Open to the World,” that examines the effect of embedding an artist and artistic process into the everyday life of a regional rehabilitation center for patients with acquired neurologic disease or traumatic injury. This study was completed in partnership with the Biennale d’Art Contemporain of Lyon, via the Veduta platform and the artist/photographer Karim Kal, as part of the national Culture and Health program. MethodThis is exploratory research. In an institutional clinical setting, we present clinical observations and propose lines of reflection and analysis. ObjectivesThis study seeks to analyze the function of art on healthcare institutions (daily routine, corporate culture, environment) and professional practice. This study further explores the modulatory effect of embedding artistic and cultural experiences (“médiation culturelle”) on clinical staff, including the potential to improve providers’ feelings of well-being, renew professional interest and commitment, spark individual and team creativity, improve team cohesion, and reduce burn-out. ResultsAs an interventional device, the “médiation culturelle” process created new opportunities at the institutional level: in a dynamic interplay, embedding the artistic process created new common space and spontaneous gatherings; and time spent in discussion promoted collaboration between professionals, allowing new projects to come to life despite the current constraints of the institutional environment. The preparatory work required for any project, often undocumented and hidden from view, is shown by these results to be essential.These interdisciplinary projects are conducive to group work, prompting a review of and a strengthening of the team's approach to collaborative clinical care. Moreover, through the interactive creative nature of the artistic cultural intervention, these projects serve to generate enduring psychological interactions and emotional experiences between patients, artists, and professionals, ultimately forging more vibrant relationships through these shared experiences. These cultural interventions make it possible to reset and re-ignite the imagination in the institution, in support and advocacy of artistic creativity. Similarly, they rejuvenate the professional staff, stimulating new ideas, fostering creative exchange, and prompting collaboration with natural extensions to their clinical practice. These cultural projects can also serve as a kind of libidinal recharge for professionals, supporting their ability to generate and maintain patient motivation over time. InterpretationsIn the current context of deteriorating working conditions for health care professionals, psychologists within multidisciplinary teams are increasingly led to find creative means to support their colleagues’ work. Incorporating a system of artistic and cultural processes into institutional healthcare systems is a novel and innovative approach that humanizes the hospital environment, enriches the patient experience, and re-invigorates the professionals who work there.

Markov Blankets and Mirror Symmetries-Free Energy Minimization and Mesocortical Anatomy.

A theoretical account of development in mesocortical anatomy is derived from the free energy principle, operating in a neural field with both Hebbian and anti-Hebbian neural plasticity. An elementary structural unit is proposed, in which synaptic connections at mesoscale are arranged in paired patterns with mirror symmetry. Exchanges of synaptic flux in each pattern form coupled spatial eigenmodes, and the line of mirror reflection between the paired patterns operates as a Markov blanket, so that prediction errors in exchanges between the pairs are minimized. The theoretical analysis is then compared to the outcomes from a biological model of neocortical development, in which neuron precursors are selected by apoptosis for cell body and synaptic connections maximizing synchrony and also minimizing axonal length. It is shown that this model results in patterns of connection with the anticipated mirror symmetries, at micro-, meso- and inter-arial scales, among lateral connections, and in cortical depth. This explains the spatial organization and functional significance of neuron response preferences, and is compatible with the structural form of both columnar and noncolumnar cortex. Multi-way interactions of mirrored representations can provide a preliminary anatomically realistic model of cortical information processing.

An Impedance-Loaded Surface Acoustic Wave Corrosion Sensor for Infrastructure Monitoring

Passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are attractive candidates for continuous wireless monitoring of corrosion in large infrastructures. However, acoustic loss in the aqueous medium and limited read range usually create challenges in their widespread use for monitoring large systems such as oil and gas (O&G) pipelines, aircraft, and processing plants. This paper presents the investigation of impedance-loaded reflective delay line (IL-RDL) SAW devices for monitoring metal corrosion under O&G pipeline-relevant conditions. Specifically, we studied the effect of change in resistivity of a reflector on the backscattered signal of an RDL and investigated an optimal range through simulation. This was followed by the experimental demonstrations of real-time monitoring of Fe film corrosion in pressurized (550 psi) humid CO2 conditions. Additionally, remote monitoring of Fe film corrosion in an acidic solution inside a 70 m carbon steel pipe was demonstrated using guided waves. This paper also suggests potential ways to improve the sensing response of IL-RDLs.

Structural controls of the migration of mantle-derived CO2 offshore in the Santos Basin (Southeastern Brazil)

We present a multi-scale conceptual model based on structural controls of the migration of mantle-derived CO2 offshore in the Santos Basin (Southeastern Brazil). We assembled the model from a regional 2D seismic reflection line integrated with potential gravimetric field data and a local 3D seismic reflection volume integrated with well data (lithologies and in situ stress). (i) The geochemical isotope range of δ13CCO2 falls mostly within −7‰ and −5‰ and shows relatively high values for 3He/4He represented by an R/Ra rate of up to 5.60, indicating CO2 mantle generation and degassing. (ii) Seismic interpretation feasibly validated by potential gravimetric responses of the crustal structure (Moho discontinuity) show CO2 migration through deep-seated faults in a region of highly stretched continental crust with oceanward mantle uprising. (iii) Early Cretaceous basement highs generated in an obliquely syn-rift faulting system control CO2 accumulation in thermogenic travertines (hydrothermal carbonate reservoirs of continental lakes), and Aptian evaporites subsequently trap it.

Repercussions on Innovation in Education for Sustainable Development: A Theoretical Reflection

The preservation of our planet’s resources while promoting the wealth and well-being of a growing population is a crucial issue of our time. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) was launched in response to the goals of sustainable development to address the demands of sustainability. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of education for sustainable development on innovation and the social dimension. We examined the variables of educational expenditure, intellectual property patents, and the human development index, comparing two groups of countries: the first with the highest educational ranking in the world, and the second with the highest educational ranking in Africa. Our findings indicate that the first group of countries had a positive educational impact on innovation and human development index, while the second group did not experience the same effects. In this context, we propose a new line of reflection, outlining the necessary steps for a country to adopt a responsible approach in education and to achieve positive results in terms of sustainable development, specifically on the social side.

Нападение на свободу науки

The case study conducted by the authors, based on an analysis of 49 recent cases of dismissal/demotion of professors at German universities, gives them reason to revisit the actualized problem of restricting or manipulating academic freedoms in favor of asserting a mainstream political agenda. If a university is, first of all, a state institution, and its professors are civil servants, then how is it possible today to defend the university’s right to positive differences and the professors’ right to an alternative point of view, defending innovative ideas or non—traditional views? This question both repeats and varies the problematization of the dual status of science, which was exemplary formulated in Max Weber’s report Science as a Vocation (1917). The task of science is to provide individuals and society with knowledge that is otherwise inaccessible. And this task is now clearly a topic of discussion both in teaching and in scientific research. Continuing Weber’s line of critical reflection, the authors summarize their research by stating that today we have reached a science that no longer provides individuals and society with a framework within which actions that are also morally justified can be reflected and justified. Instead, we are dealing with science, which is shaped by politics. Scientists and teachers who are unable or unwilling to sacrifice the freedom of science in favor of the political mainstream and adjust their research and training courses to externally imposed values are labeled as “controversial” or “ideologically obstinate” and themselves become the objects of both internal university investigations and media campaigns aimed at depriving their activities of scientific status.

3D Crustal Architecture and Along‐Strike Variation in the Mid‐Northern South China Sea Rifted Margin

AbstractRifted margins often show apparent along‐strike variations at the continent‐ocean transition (COT) region, typically occurring gradually over hundreds‐to‐thousands of km between the “magma‐rich” and “magma‐poor” endmembers. In contrast, comparatively smaller‐scale lateral variabilities of rifting structure and faulting style in hyper‐thinned continental crust are not yet well described. The South China Sea (SCS) was recently defined as the archetype of a new “intermediate‐type” margin with neither excess magmatism nor mantle exhumation. However, along‐strike crustal variations along this new type of margin are still little explored. Based on previously unpublished 2D grid of seismic reflection lines and overlapping 3D seismic volumes, we have investigated the crustal structure, faulting style, and the lower crustal reflectivity along ∼400 km of the mid‐northern SCS margin. Our new maps of crystalline‐crust thickness and top basement show that the SCS extension developed in two segments with contrasting tectonic styles separated by a narrow boundary. The eastern domain, resembling a wide‐rift model, displays low‐angle detachment faults and high‐velocity lower crust mainly associated with syn‐rift magmatism indicating weak crustal rheology. The neighboring western domain, resembling a narrow rift model, displays steep crustal‐scale faults indicating comparatively strong rheology. The change from wide to narrow rift—or weak to strong rheology—occurs abruptly, which appears at odds with the current conventional wisdom of mostly gradual transitions over a long distance between rift models. We speculate that the inherited heterogeneity in mantle composition and 3D melt focusing effect may drive this abrupt along‐strike variability in the mid‐northern SCS.

Oblique rifting triggered by slab tearing: the case of the Alboran rifted margin in the eastern Betics

Abstract. The tectonic evolution of highly oblique continental margins that result from extension above lithospheric subduction–transform edge propagator (STEP) faults is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the case of the Alboran margin in the eastern Betics characterized by crustal thinning of 15–10 km, oblique to the direction of slab retreat. The current deformation patterns indicate that oblique rifting is underway. However, it is unclear whether these conditions are those that prevailed during the formation of the metamorphic domes and intramontane basins. We review the temporal and spatial evolution of Neogene sedimentary basins and brittle deformation in the eastern Betics and exploit offshore seismic reflection lines to propose a crustal-scale section across the oblique margin. The history of sediment infill and rates of subsidence combined with the analyses of fault slip data confirm that brittle extension oriented from north 20∘ E to E–W occurred during an interval spanning from the Serravallian–early Tortonian to the late Tortonian (14–8 Ma). This extension is associated with both normal and strike-slip regimes and the evolution of the strike-slip fault zones flanking the metamorphic domes. The transtensional model forms a coherent scheme linking the ductile deformation associated with metamorphic domes and the formation of E–W- and NW–SE- or NNW–SSE-directed sedimentary basins in the brittle upper crust during the Tortonian. The oblique extension, which is closely associated with STEP faulting, occurred during the regional convergence between Africa and Iberia since the Miocene. Only recently, around 8 Ma, has slab detachment started to migrate westward, leading to tectonic inversion in the eastern Betics. Such a type of narrow oblique-rifted margin associated with transform-like plate boundaries is not unique but is expected to be hardly preserved in the geological record due to the transient nature of retreating subduction systems.

The pastor’s ‘love offering’: prosperity gospel and a child witchcraft accusation narrative

ABSTRACT This reflective first-person narrative study emerged from a personal encounter in a village near Eket City in Nigeria. This article adopts a multidisciplinary approach with a theological concentration to understand the issues of beliefs, uncertainty, religious leaders, and prosperity gospels and how these factors contribute to witchcraft labelling. This study brings an untold story to the forefront, using moral narrative techniques. The encounter provoked two lines of reflection. First, it questions the role of Pentecostal leaders: are they rescuers or complicit parties in witchcraft accusations? Second, it examines the ethical implications of these leaders accepting gifts in contexts where poverty is pervasive. The notion of ‘the love offering’ poses ethical questions as it relates to congregants presenting gifts to their clergy, frequently side-lining their moral obligations. As delineated in this study, this dynamic provokes critical inquiry: Are these gifts genuinely acts of love, or are they made in anticipation of a reciprocal benefit from the pastor? Readers are left to draw their own conclusions as they engage with this narrative article.

Church and State: The Promise of Reformed Theology for the Church Today

This article surveys the ways in which Reformed theology (particularly the Westminster Standards and subsequent generations of Scottish and American Presbyterians) has articulated the relationship between the church and civil government. It addresses two fruits of this line of reflection that are especially pertinent to the contemporary church. The first is that this doctrine makes provision for the divinely guaranteed religious liberty of all human beings, even in the face of a civil government’s attempts to abridge or usurp that authority. The second is that this doctrine provides clear guidance to the church concerning the ways in which the church, in its organized capacity, may and may not engage in matters that concern both the church and the state. KEYWORDS: Church, state, civil magistrate, religious liberty, Westminster Assembly, Scottish Presbyterian, American Presbyterian, PC (USA)

New lyric writing: Blurring the boundary between popular and high culture

This article aims to give an overview of the new forms of lyric writing by minorities in the United Kingdom, France and beyond. In the context of a globalized, postcolonial, internet era, a variety of forms and modes of broadcasting – from hip hop lyrics to instapoetry via verse novels and more traditional poetry collections – are characterized by an intersubjective lyricism that aims to transform and valorize the experiences of marginalized and minority writers. Out of the diversity of voices and forms, this article shows the shared poetics and features of this lyric writing as well as the solidarities across borders and different forms of marginalization that are often present and opens up lines of reflection and theorization, notably in relation to the role of internet and the developing cultural context of converging popular cultures and national and postcolonial literary traditions.

Evolution of the North Anatolian Fault from a diffuse to a localized shear zone in the North Aegean Sea during the Plio-Pleistocene

SUMMARY The North Anatolian Fault is the ∼1200-km-long active continental transform boundary between Anatolia and Eurasia. This strike-slip system initiated around 10–12 Ma and experienced diachronous episodes of strain localization along its strike. The structural evolution of the ∼350-km-long fault segments crossing the North Aegean Sea remains to be accurately investigated. There, the modern North Anatolian Fault is localized along two main branches: the northern branch ends at the North Aegean Trough and the southern branch ends at the Edremit-Skyros Trough. The Evia Basin is located in the North Aegean Domain between the North Anatolian Fault and the Corinth Rift. This study presents seismic reflection lines crossing the aforementioned structures of the North Aegean Domain, which document their subsurface structure and the sedimentary record of their activity since the Messinian. The seismic-reflection data set is tied to regional-scale stratigraphic markers, which constrains the age of main tectonic events related to the formation of the North Anatolian Fault. The seismic-reflection lines show that the two main branches of the North Anatolian Fault became localized structures at 1.3–2 Ma, coevally with the formation of the Evia Basin. Since 2 Ma, the North Aegean Troughs developed as a series of horsetail basins propagating westwards at the termination of the branches of the North Anatolian Fault. On a regional scale, the wide and diffuse North Anatolian transtensive shear zone active from Serravalian to Late Pliocene turned into a narrower shear zone at the two main branches of the North Anatolian Fault since the Early Pleistocene. This abrupt episode of strain localization occurred in the frame of the major Early Pleistocene change in stress regime from NE–SW to N–S extension, which has been observed throughout the Aegean Sea.

Analysis of the Efficiency of Petroleum Systems in Fluvial Environments in the Rift Context of the South and North Atlantic: Brazil and Portugal

The present article exhibits the achieved results based on the evaluation of two petroleum systems, which compares reservoirs of fluvial environments of sedimentary basins located in the south and north Atlantic, in Brazil (Recôncavo Basin) and in Portugal (Lusitanian Basin), respectively. The main contribution of this study is the survey of the static (source, reservoir, and sealing rocks, in addition to traps) and dynamic elements (tectonic, migration, thermal, and diagenetic processes) of the two studied petroleum systems, seeking to understand the reasons for the success and failure of the analyzed reservoirs in relation to the accumulation of hydrocarbons. The following materials were used for this study: lithostratigraphic charts, event charts of petroleum systems, interpreted 2D seismic reflection lines, lithological profiles, outcrop data, geochemical analysis of source rocks, petrographic analysis, and description of diagenetic processes, which acts in the reservoir rocks. The methodology presents two phases: the first with a multiscale characterization of the elements of petroleum systems and economic aspects, and another with an integrated analysis of the reservoir potentials, based on the efficiency analysis table of the petroleum system elements and interpretative diagrams of the petroleum system elements. The occurrences of hydrocarbon accumulations indicate that the structuring of the Recôncavo Basin in horsts and grabens provides the formation of efficient migration routes, combined with an excellent source rock, reservoirs with good permo-porous characteristics, and effective seal rocks. On the other hand, in the Lusitanian Basin, the Paleozoic source rocks occur in mini-basins, with little lateral continuity, which negatively affects the generation of hydrocarbons. Besides this fact, saliferous tectonics were the main cause of hydrocarbon migration along faults or their walls towards the upper strata and to the surface. The fluvial reservoir rock shows a strong action of diagenetic processes, which affects its petrophysical properties. The main implication of this work is its contribution to the analysis of analogous reservoirs, based on the detailed investigation of the static and dynamic elements of petroleum systems.

Temperature and strain SAW/BAW sensors on metallic substrates with RFID capability

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensors require an adhesive—typically a glue—for the mounting on the part under measurement. This comes with strain-transfer, reproducibility and aging issues. In this paper, we propose a novel glue-less solution where the SAW sensor is directly fabricated onto the surface of interest, here a metallic substrate. Here, we study the layered structure ZnO/Ti numerically and experimentally, with ZnO as the piezoelectric layer and titanium as the substrate. In this structure, both bulk acoustic waves and SAW can propagate, and we used both of them to monitor temperature variations up to 300 °C and strain levels up to 1800 μϵ. Moreover, reflective delay line (R-DL) designs were used, to provide the future users with radio frequency identification functionalities. In order to overcome the limitations due to the relatively low electromechanical coupling coefficient of ZnO/Ti, a specific R-DL layout with connected inter-digital transducers was used. The obtained experimental results confirm that the proposed glue-less R-DL structure is a promising solution for the independent evaluation of temperature and strain, with identification.