Reflection Of Incident Light Research Articles

Hyperspectral Analysis of Silicon Nanowires Manufactured Through Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching

Abstract This study used hyperspectral imaging to analyze localized near-field interactions between incident electromagnetic waves and silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays manufactured through catalytic etching of Si wafers for different durations. The results revealed that the unetched upper surface area on Si wafers and reflection of incident light decreased with increasing etching time. A light reflection band peaking at approximately 880 nm was generated from arrays etched for more than 1 h. We used six separate hyperspectral images to analyze the wavelength-dependent spatial optical responses of the fabricated SiNW arrays. The images revealed hot spots of light reflection from unetched Si surfaces in the wavelength range of 470–750 nm and a resonant peak at 880 nm for a photonic crystal derived from a random SiNW array. Accordingly, hyperspectral imaging enables the assessment of localized optical responses of SiNW arrays, which can then be optimized to cater to various applications.

Synthesis and design strategies of codoped titanium dioxide with band alignment and multiple reflections of incident light for efficient visible light activity

To increase the visible-light photocatalytic performance of Titania, it was codoped with specific elements and was effectively synthesized. The goal of enhancing visible-light photocatalytic performance was achieved by broadening its absorption spectrum in the visible light range and enhancing the quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction toward the degradation of the hazardous dye methyl orange. Mixed phase photocatalyst with different percentage hierarchical secondary nanostructure has been synthesized by the combination of chemical bath deposition methods and hydrothermal. The density of the sprout-like branches changes from the concentration levels of titanium butoxide in the precursor solution. Based on the experimental analysis, a mechanism was proposed to interpret the evolution of the secondary growth. The band edge difference between anatase and TiO2(B) phases induces transfer of charge at the interface. The result revealed that in the TiO2 crystal some O-sites were substituted by N and S anions resulting in band mixing and incorporation of extra energy states in between the valence band maxima and conduction band minimum, which caused a shift towards longer wavelengths in the absorption edge. Compared with pure TiO2 nanobelt, the surface modified doped samples exhibited good visible light activity. The combined effect of fast charge transfer in the atomic level contact between two phases and localized N 2p and S 3p band above valence-band edge in the same material makes titanium dioxide suitable for use in the presence of visible light.

Fabrication of S-scheme graphdiyne (g-CnH2n-2)/carbon-nitrogen vacancies hollow Ni–Fe prussian blue analogues heterojunction for boosting wide spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution can be achieved by adjusting the morphology and constructing suitable heterojunction. In this work, an 2D/3D S-scheme graphdiyne (g-CnH2n-2)/carbon-nitrogen vacancies hollow Ni–Fe prussian blue analogues (Ni–Fe–CN PBA) heterojunction (GNF-CN) was prepared for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Ni–Fe–CN PBA were prepared by chemical etching and high temperature calcination. The hollow structure can realize multiple reflections of incident light and effectively improve the light utilization efficiency. The CN vacancy changes the band structure of Ni–Fe PBA and enhances its light absorption capacity. Graphdiyne nanosheets (GDY) prepared by load ball milling can increase the active site. The key lies in the construction of an S-scheme heterojunction between GDY and Ni–Fe–CN PBA, which effectively consume useless holes and increase the utilization rate of photogenerated electrons. The S-scheme electron transfer path are proved by DFT calculation, work function and in situ XPS. The GNF–CN–20 showed excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (3755.02 μmol h−1 g−1) and photostability compared with GDY (1116.54 μmol h−1 g−1). The present study introduces a novel approach for the construction of an S-scheme heterojunction based on GDY and PBA, enabling wide‐spectrum‐responsive photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

67‐2: Invited Paper: Displayable Liquid Crystal Glasses with Clear See‐Through Vision

We propose an innovative reflective displayable technology named LiqxtalTM Graph, designed to present digital content on the exterior while ensuring a clear see‐through vision for the wearer. Employing TFT liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD) architecture, this technology locally manipulates the polarization state and reflectance of incident light through liquid crystal and interfaces. By seamlessly integrating with wireless control systems and mobile app platforms, this technology enables the glasses to convey digital information between users. Applications encompass real‐time signage, interactive gaming, and social media engagement.

P‐190: Photo‐triggered Transmission‐color Through a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal for Multi‐level Information Encryption

In this research, the house‐made transparent cell with a cell gap of 10 μm was made using one glass slide that coated with commercial polyimide and the other one coated by SD1 photo‐responsive molecules, and filled with CLCs made from E7 nematic LCs and 1.0% S811 doping in the pitch of 10 μm. The LCs on SD1 molecules coated slide thereafter were in‐plane switched clock‐wisely by means of linear polarized blue laser (λ=405nm) irradiation, and thus elongate the pitch and tune reflection of CLCs. As the reflection of incident light has an extremely large wavelength (~14×103 nm) and is hard to be detected, the structure change induced optical performance in CLCs by in‐plane switch of near‐slide LCs was identified by a polarized optical microscopy (POM) under the transmission mode. The cell inserted with CLCs was saw in purple initially, when the near‐slide LCs were clock‐wisely switched by π/4, 5π/12, 7π/12, 2π/3 and 5π/6, respectively, the cell turned to indigo, green, yellow, orange and pink accordingly. Alternatively, the induced pink cells can be counter‐tuned to their initial purple by anti‐clockwise laser irradiation. This observation suggests that the switching of near‐slip LCs is sufficient for optically encoding in CLCs and could have significant applications in displays, especially in a data‐hidden mode.

Achieving effective performance of silicon solar cell through electrosprayed MgF2 antireflection coating

Solar cells technology will be one of the futuristic major resources for global energy demands. One of the major problems in energy harvesting using solar cells was reflection of incident light over solar cell surface. The present research work aims to synthesize the magnesium fluoride through sol-gel process which acts as antireflection layer for achieving better output performance. MgF2 films were deposited over solar cells at varying time periods of 60, 90, 120 and150 min through electrospraying technique. MgF2 electrosprayed solar cells were inspected for evaluating its structural, optical, electrical and morphological characteristics. The coated solar cells were analyzed under dark and light conditions. The precursor materials involved in sol-gel synthesis of MgF2 were magnesium chloride hexahydride, polyethylene glycol and hydrofluoric acid. From the I–V results, it is evident that performance of 120 min MgF2 coated solar cell exerts maximum performance of 19.38 % (open) and 19.41 % (controlled). MgF2 antireflective electrosprayed films were prominent materials for minimizing reflection and ensuring the maximum photon transmission into the coated surface especially in opto-electronic applications.

Continuous Flow Injection Analysis Method for the Determination of a Drug Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride by Using Phosphomolybdic Acid

The study presented a new method for determining diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) in its pure form and some pharmaceutical preparations, within CFIA technique. The method is simple, fast, sensitive, easy to operate, and of a low cost. It is based on the reaction of DPH with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), in aqueous media, forming a white, slightly yellowish precipitate. The precipitate formed was studied using an Ayah 6S×1-ST-2D solar cell CFI analyzer, by the reflection of incident light off the surfaces of the deposited particles at (0–180°), expressed as the response measured in (mV) . Some chemical and physical variables were studied to provide optimal conditions for the study. The linear range was 0.07-9 mmol/L and it had a correlation coefficient (r) with a value of (0.9998). The limit of detection (L.O.D.) of the new method was 729.55 ng/sample, calculated by gradually diluting the lower limit of the concentration in the linear range (0.07 mmol/L). The % RSD was less than 0.2% for a concentration of 0.1, 4.0 and 10.0 mmol/L of DPH for n = 8. The method was successfully applied in the determination of DPH in three samples from three different pharmaceutical production companies. Using the standard addition method, the new method was compared with the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method at λmax = 258 nm. Both T-test and F-test. The results of the two tests showed no significant difference at a confidence level (95%).

Sulfur-Doped NiFe Hydroxide Nanobowls with Wrinkling Patterns for Photothermal Cancer Therapy.

Hierarchical multiscale wrinkling nanostructures have shown great promise for many biomedical applications, such as cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, synthesizing these materials with precise control remains challenging. Here, we report a sulfur doping strategy to synthesize sub-1 nm NiFe hydroxide ultrathin nanosheets (S-NiFe HUNs). The introduction of sulfur affects the reduction of the band gap and the adjustment of the electronic structure, thereby improving the light absorption ability of the S-NiFe HUNs. Additionally, S-NiFe HUNs show a multilayered nanobowl-like structure that enables multiple reflections of incident light inside the nanostructure, which improved the utilization of incident light and achieved high photothermal conversion. As a result, the as-prepared product with hydrophilic modification (dS-NiFe HUNs) demonstrated enhanced tumor-killing ability in vitro. In a mouse model of breast cancer, dS-NiFe HUNs combined with near-infrared light irradiation greatly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the mice survival. Altogether, our study demonstrates the great potential of dS-NiFe HUNs for cancer photothermal therapy applications.

Non-invasive diffused reflected/transmitted signature accompanied with hyperspectral imaging for breast cancer early diagnosis

IntroductionBreast cancer (BC) is a prevalent form of cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. There is an urgent need for the development of new methods to detect, diagnose, and monitor BC at an early stage. Light propagation and interaction with molecular species, could be utilized for diagnostic purposes. Incident light reflection and transmission are influenced by the changes of cell structure and dielectric properties. Any variations in these components could impact the reflected and transmitted signals, offering potential diagnostic applications. MethodsIn this study, non-invasive, polychromatic light source over the visible range (400–900 nm) was employed to illuminate controlled normal and BC tissue samples. The resulted diffused reflected and transmitted spectra were captured and analyzed using hyperspectral (HS) camera and designed cross-correlation algorithm. ResultsDiffused reflected signature demonstrated significant difference between normal and BC tissues over the band 500–700 nm. At 600 nm, normal tissue demonstrated diffused reflection intensity of 2304 relative to 764 for malignant tissues. Transmitted signature exhibited good discrimination capabilities over the band 600–900 nm. At 750 nm, normal tissue demonstrated transmission signal intensity of 34 relative to 21 for malignant tissues.Results were validated via generated HS 2D images, for diffused reflected and transmitted signals. Noise reduction, using moving average filter (K = 10), was adopted to enhance HS images. Contrast was improved through de-convolution with reference. Magnitude was calculated using fast Fourier transform for the concated diffused reflected and transmitted HS images. Additionally, phase shift analysis was performed to assess the differences in arrival time. ConclusionThe optimal wavelength to distinguish between normal and malignant breast tissues was 600 nm for the diffused reflected HS images; Furthermore, the transmitted HS images at 750 nm demonstrated high contrast and specificity. The developed HS imaging technique secured high levels of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for diffused reflected and transmitted images at 600 nm and 750 nm, respectively; K-means clustering algorithm offered precise outline and delineation of malignant areas at these wavelengths.

Auto-Lectin Dotcoding by Two Octopuses: Rapid Analysis of Fluorescence-Labeled Glycoproteins by an 8-channel Fully-Automatic Bead Array Scanner with a Rolling-Circle Detector.

Protein glycosylation is a crucial factor that must be evaluated in biological pharmaceuticals. The glycoform profile of a protein can vary depending on the conditions of the cultivation, purification process, and the selection of a host cell. Lectin microarrays are reliable bioanalytical methods used in the early phases of bioprocesses for the detection of glycosylation. The concept of a fully automated glycan detection with a bead array has been previously reported; however, no simple system has been constructed on fluorescence-based detection using a microarray. Here, we present a fully automated detection system equipped with a novel fluorescence detector for a 13-lectin bead array with a single tip. The lattice-like arrangement of a set of fibers proximate to the tip of the light emitting diode and photomultiplier tube detector minimized the noise caused by the reflection of incident light on the plastic capillary tip and bead. A unique rolling-circle fiber unit with quadruple lattices stacked in two layers realizes the 8-parallel automeasurement with a drastic reduction in scanning time and machine size. The 8-glycan profiles obtained automatically within 25 min were identical with those obtained with the conventional lectin microarray after overnight incubation. The signals obtained were represented as lectin dotcodes. Therefore, autolectin dotcoding assisted by the twin 8 legs named as "detection and irradiation octopuses" may be a rapid glyco-evaluation system during the production and development of biopharmaceuticals.

Simulation study of TiO2 single layer anti-reflection coating for GaAs solar cell

Anti-reflection coating (ARC) plays an important role in reducing the reflection of incident light and absorbing more photons to produce more photoelectrons. In this paper, a single-layer TiO2 anti-reflection coating is performed on GaAs solar cells. In the simulation study, we compared the solar cell before and after ARC by using PC1D simulation software. The I–V characteristics, reflectance, and external quantum efficiency have been simulated with a refractive index of 2.324 at 600 nm wavelength. The simulated results show that the ARC-coated solar cell performs better. It is found that the power conversion efficiency of 24.75% reflection is 9.5%, and the EQE is 95% at the 62 nm thickness of the ARC layer. The optimized reflectivity was found to be around 5%, which is quite lower than that without ARC (32%).

Design of core-shell SiO2 nanoparticles to create anti-reflection and anti-fouling coatings for solar cells

Amphiphobic coatings with the anti-reflective property offer a promising strategy to mitigate the degradation of photovoltaic conversion efficiency in solar cells caused by fouling and reflection of incident light. Despite advancements in developing transparent and liquid-repellent coatings, achieving integration of both properties still poses a significant challenge. In this work, a unique nanostructure coating with extremely low roughness and surface energy is constructed by integrating fluorinated cluster core-shell structured silicon sols (BASSF) into a self-made silicon precursor (SP) using a template-free two-step base/acid-catalyzed reaction. The exceptional anti-fouling performance of the S-P@BASSF coating is a result of the chemical inertness of the polymer and the unique structure of the sol-gel particles. This innovative approach provides a potential solution for fabricating high-performance coatings and materials. The coating is capable of recovering to 97 % of its initial efficiency swiftly, even after severe dust contamination. The coating exhibits remarkable anti-reflective property due to the combination of sol particles with varying refractive indices. The coating also displays high weathering resistance, maintaining contact angles with water (≥105°) and diiodomethane (≥85°) even after prolonged exposure to UV lamps, high temperature and high humidity weather. The results obtained in this study show that nanocomposite coatings via the preparation of smooth, high refractive index and low reflectivity have great potential for outdoor applications such as energy harvesting and optical instruments under wet conditions.

Graded-Index Active Layer for Efficiency Enhancement in Polymer Solar Cell

In this paper, narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors combining a benzotriazole (BTz)-core fused-ring segment, named the PZT series, were used with a high-absorption-efficiency polymer (PBDB) compound with branched 2-butyl octyl, linear n-octyl, and methyl to be utilized as a graded-index (GI) active layer of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) to increase the photocurrent and enhance solar efficiency compared to the existing PBDB-T:PZT and PBDB-T:PZT-γ. In addition, a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PhC) structure was utilized as a light-trapping anti-reflection coating (ARC) thin film based on indium tin oxide (ITO) to reduce incident light reflection and enhance its absorption. The dimensions of the cell layers were optimized to achieve the maximum power-conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, the design and simulations were conducted from a 300 nm to 1200 nm wavelength range using a finite difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis. One of the most important results expected from the study was the design of a nano solar cell at (64 µm)2 with a PCE of 25.1%, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 27.74 mA/cm2, and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.986 V.

Synergy of Cd Doping and S Vacancies in CdxZn1–xIn2S4 Hierarchical Nanotubes for Highly Improved Visible-Light-Driven H2 Evolution

Photocatalytic water splitting over semiconductors is believed as a promising avenue to obtain H2 fuel from renewable solar energy. However, developing highly active and non-noble-metal photocatalysts for H2 evolution is still quite challenging to date. In this work, by constructing nanosheet-based nanotubes with Cd-doping and S vacancies, a highly improved visible-light-driven H2 production for ZnIn2S4 is achieved. Unlike nanoflowers aggregated with nanosheets, the nanosheet-assembled hierarchical nanotubes allow multiple scattering and reflection of incident light within the interior space, leading to an enhanced light-harvesting efficiency. Together with the benefits from Cd doping and S-vacancy engineering, including narrowed band gaps, efficient transmission and separation of charge carriers, abundant catalytically active sites, heightened photo-stability and photo-electron reduction capacity, as well as a strong electrostatic attraction to protons, the synthesized S-deficient CdxZn1-xIn2S4 hierarchical nanotubes exhibit an extraordinary photocatalytic H2 evolution capability under visible-light irradiation, delivering an outstanding H2-generation activity of 28.99 mmol·g-1·h-1 (corresponding to an apparent quantum yield of 37.1% at 400 nm), which is much superior to that of CdxZn1-xIn2S4 nanoflowers, Pt-loaded ZnIn2S4 nanotubes, and most ever reported ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts. Our study could inspire the development of low-cost and high-performance photocatalysts via rational structural design and optimization.

Optically asymmetric down-shifting films for highly efficient photovoltaics

Quantum dots (QDs) have been regarded as promising spectral converters for photovoltaic (PV) devices owing to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) characteristics. Herein, we report a highly-efficient QD hierarchical (QD-Hie) film that elevates the PV performance by integrating QDs with micro/nano hierarchical structures. The proposed film was designed to ensure low reflectance for incident light (air-to-device) and high reflectance for escape light (device-to-air), obtaining a light-trapping effect to increase the absorption of PVs at wide incident angles. The trapped ultraviolet photons in our film promoted the downshifting property of the QDs and amplified the generation of visible photons, thereby enhancing the PL characteristics of QDs up to 3.71 times with independency of the incidence angle. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure restricts the outward release of converted QDPL, ensuring high availability of the down-shifted photons to PVs. The optical benefit of our film was maximized by attaching them on both sides of bifacial semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cells, resulting in the short-circuit current density (JSC) improvement of up to 25.97% under AM 1.5G illumination. Along with its high versatility and outstanding JSC increments, our study presents a new perspective of advanced spectral converting layers and provides practical viability for various optoelectronic devices.

3D hierarchical structure collaborating with 2D/2D interface interaction in BiVO4/ZnCr-LDH heterojunction with superior visible-light photocatalytic removal efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride

Fabrication of heterojunction with specialized geometry shape could improve the photodegradation efficiency of catalysts more efficiently based on the synergistic effect of components. Herein, the BiVO4/ZnCr-LDH type-II heterojunction was successfully synthesized by the growth of two-dimensional (2D) ZnCr-LDH on 2D BiVO4, forming a unique three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure. The 3D hierarchical BiVO4/ZnCr-LDH type-II heterojunction with intimate 2D/2D heterointerfaces enlarges the interfacial contact areas and shortens the transfer distance of carriers simultaneously, which could promote the separation and transfer of photoinduced carriers and prolong the lifetime of carriers. Additionally, the 3D structure could enhance the photon utilization efficiency caused by the multiple reflections of incident light, and provide more active sites to promote the adsorption of pollutants. Therefore, the visible light catalytic performance of the optimal heterostructure for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride is 3.47 times and 22.43 times higher than that of BiVO4 and ZnCr-LDH, respectively. Superoxide radical (O2−) is confirmed as the primary active species, whereas hole (h+) is the secondary active species in the photodegradation process. This work provides a facile strategy to enhance the visible light catalytic behavior of BiVO4 through the fabrication of 3D hierarchical architecture heterojunction for the removal of organic pollutant.

Thin-wall hollow porous cystic-like graphitic carbon nitride with awakened n→π* electronic transitions and exceptional structural features for superior photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole

Effective photoexcitation and carrier migration are the essential aspects to strengthen semiconductor-engaged redox reaction. Herein, a three-dimensional thin-wall hollow porous cystic-like g-C3N4 (HPCN) with curved layer edge was successfully fabricated via a non-template thermal-condensation strategy. The construction of unique distorted structure can evoke the hard-to-activate n→π* electronic transition to some extent, broadening the absorption spectrum to 800 nm. And benefiting from the multiple reflections of incident light, the effective photoactivation can be further achieved. Moreover, the thin-wall porous framework can shorten the diffusion distance and accelerate migration of photogenerated charge, favouring interfacial redox reactions. The optimized HPCN1.0 demonstrated an excellent photocatalytic degradation of SMX under blue-LED light irradiation, which was dramatically superior to that of pristine g-C3N4 (CN, 11.4 times). Ultimately, in consideration of reactions under several influencing factors with four different water samples, we demonstrated that the HPCN photocatalyst could be utilized far more productively for the elimination of SMX under real-world aqueous conditions. This work provides a straightforward approach for the removal of SMX and has immense potential to contribute to global scale environmental remediation.

Porous Ni/CNTs composite membrane as solar absorber for highly efficient solar steam generation

Interfacial solar steam generation is emerging as a promising high-efficiency strategy to produce clean water by harvesting and converting clean solar energy into localized heat. Here, we demonstrate a facile and effective approach to improve the photothermal performance by combining porous Ni mesh and carbon nanotube (CNTs) to construct an all-in-one Ni/CNTs solar absorber. In this work, due to the multiple reflections of incident light inside Ni/CNTs and the electronic transitions in the molecule, the Ni/CNTs solar absorber can efficiently utilize solar energy (94.3%) with an excellent evaporation rate of 2.13 kg m −2 h −1 under one sun illumination. The interfacial solar evaporator based on the Ni/CNTs solar absorber effectively removed heavy metal ions and dye molecules from contaminated water and displayed stable rate (1.96 kg m −2 h −1 ) for 46 h of cyclic evaporation, showing its great potential for practical seawater desalination. • A solar absorber by combining CNT onto the porous Ni mesh was designed for solar steam generation. • The solar evaporator has 94.3% solar absorptance. • The evaporation rate can reach 2.13 kg m −2 h −1 under one sun. • The evaporator shows great performance toward water evaporation from seawater and industrial waste water.

Positive dysphotopsia after intrascleral intraocular lens fixation: a case report

BackgroundPositive dysphotopsia is a symptom caused by the reflection of incident light through the pupil at the inner surface of the intraocular lens (IOL) edge after cataract surgery and is perceived as an abnormal arcuate or radiating photopic image at night or indoors with a light source. Although positive dysphotopsia is one of the most important symptoms that affect patients after cataract surgery, it is still not well known even among ophthalmologists. Positive dysphotopsia as the cause of patient complaint following intraocular surgery other than cataract surgery has not been identified.Case PresentationA 52-year-old man underwent IOL extraction and intrascleral IOL fixation for bilateral IOL subluxation at another hospital. The right eye had good subjective visibility, but the patient noticed symptoms of light sources appearing divided into multiple lights indoors after surgery in the left eye. Because the cause of the symptoms could not be identified, the patient visited our department. At the time of his first visit, the corrected visual acuity in both eyes was good, and ocular findings in eye position, motility, intraocular pressure, and fundus were within normal limits. The elongated holes of peripheral iridectomy (PI) created during previous intrascleral IOL fixation were observed to be approximately 2 mm in length on the nasal side in both eyes. The PI hole in the right eye was covered by the optics of the IOL, whereas the edge of the IOL overlapped the center of the PI hole in the left eye. Accordingly, we concluded that the abnormal photopic image in the left eye was caused by positive dysphotopsia, in which light passing through the PI hole was reflected by the edge of the IOL. We attempted surgical closure of the PI hole, resulting in the complete disappearance of positive dysphotopsia.ConclusionsA PI hole created during intrascleral IOL fixation may cause postoperative positive dysphotopsia depending on the position of the IOL edge. Thus, surgeons should be aware of the importance of the size and location of the PI hole when creating it during surgery.

Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Properties of Black Silicon Fabricated by Two-Step Silver-Assisted Wet Chemical Etching for Photovoltaics

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) has low optical absorption due to its high surface reflection of incident light. Nanotexturing of c-Si which produces black silicon (b-Si) offers a promising solution. In this work, effect of H2O2 concentrations towards surface morphological and optical properties of b-Si fabricated by two-step silver-assisted wet chemical etching (Ag-based two-step MACE) for potential photovoltaic (PV) applications is presented. The method involves a 30 s deposition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in an aqueous solution of AgNO3:HF (5:6) and an optimized etching in HF:H2O2:DI H2O solution under 0.62 M, 1.85 M, 2.47 M, and 3.7 M concentrations of H2O2 at 5 M HF. On the b-Si, nanowires with 250-950 nm heights and an average diameter of 150-280 nm are obtained. Low concentrations of H2O2 result in denser nanowires with an average length of 900-950 nm and diameters of about 150-190 nm. The b-Si exhibit outstanding broadband antireflection due to the refractive index grading effect represented as WAR within the 300-1100 nm wavelength region. B-Si obtained after etching in a solution with 0.62 M concentration of H2O2, demonstrate WAR of 7.5%. WAR of 7.5% results in an absorption of up to 95.5 % at a wavelength of 600 nm. The enhanced broadband light absorption yields maximum potential short-circuit current density (Jsc(max)) of up to 38.2 mA/cm2, or 45.2% enhancement compared to the planar c-Si reference.