Referential Source Research Articles

Critical Discourse Analysis of President Joe Biden’s Russophobia Rhetorical Remarks Before The 77th United Nations General Assembly

This study investigates the extent to which President Joe Biden's speech before the 77th session of the UN General Assembly reflects US foreign policy towards Russia and Ukraine. The sample of this study was sourced from manuscripts of President Joe Biden's speeches obtained through the official US state website (www.whitehouse.com), which were then elaborated with referential sources, such as website articles, online news, and journal articles accessed via Scopus and Google Scholar. The study used Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze President Biden's speech, delivered on September 21, 2022. The speech was transcribed and analyzed utilizing the VOS Viewer and NVivo 12 Plus applications. The findings revealed that President Biden's speech emphasized the importance of the sovereign equality principle and criticized the inconsistent use of the Veto Right by Russia and the US in the UN Security Council. The speech also discouraged Russophobia and implied a willingness to engage in diplomatic negotiations with Russia. This research contributes to the literature on US foreign policy towards Russia and Ukraine by providing a detailed analysis of President Biden's speech. The findings suggest that the US is committed to upholding the sovereign equality principle and engaging in constructive diplomacy with Russia.

Positioning of clothing brands in Colombia

The positioning of the brand has prominence today in the marketing world thanks to the corporate benefits that are reflected in the market, in Colombia clothing brands year after year have been growing economically, throwing large sales figures and injecting development in the national economy. The objective of this study is to know how is the positioning of clothing brands in Colombia. It is a descriptive study, from a descriptive review with referential sources on the studies that have been carried out regarding the positioning of clothing brands in the Colombian territory. The results indicate that Arturo Calle is the best positioned brand in the market thanks to its high reputation and consumer preference.

SPEECH STYLE USED IN JOKO WIDODO’S SPEECH

The current study aimed at finding out the types of speech style in Joko Widodo’s speech using the theory of Martin Joos, (1967). The study was a qualitative descriptive method. The data taken were Joko Widodo’s speeches in two different events, mainly at MPR Annual Meeting and IMF annual meeting. Due to fact that the speeches were in form of utterances gained from two videos and its scripts as referential source of data, this study referred to a research by documentation technique. This technique was administered to gather all speech events gained by reading the scripts to find out Joko Widodo’s speech style. The results of this study indicate that there are five types of speech style found in Joko Widodo’s speeches, namely frozen style, consultative style, casual style, and intimate style. In two different speeches, Joko Wido do tends to mostly use frozen style in his speech here by Joko Widodo speech in very formal situation in his speeches than other types of speech style.

Renaissances, Resurrections and Rewritings: A Neo-Victorian Poetics of Exhumation

In both Graham Swift’s Ever After (1992) and A. S. Byatt’s Possession (1990) the contemporary protagonists find new life in the unearthing of Victorian documents and in this combination of contemporary and Victorian renaissances might be detected the assumption that the revival of the past always already entails a revival of the present. It is the purpose of this paper to try and show that these novels’ determination ‘to take the skeleton remains of a single life and to breathe into them their former actuality’ (Ever After 90), far from being restricted to the diegetic sphere, extends to the very poetic principles of these neo-Victorian works. By overlapping, alternating or combining the voices of the dead and the voices of the living, by interweaving the remains of the past and the reconstructions of the present, by adapting and diversifying their discursive modes according to the referential sources, and by blurring the ontological status of their historical archives, these novels manage to carry out novelistic innovation. It is then the coincidence between the meaning of the prefix neo- in neo-Victorianism and the prefix re- in renaissance that this presentation will seek to highlight underscoring the structures of discontinuous continuities which endow these novels with new life and new aesthetic forms emphatically distinct from those of their Victorian forebears. The renaissances at stake in these neo-Victorian works concern then both a work of testimony and a work of creation, both an exploration of history and a re-enchantment of the present.

Source apportionment and source-oriented risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of an urban river-lake system

Heavy metal pollution in lakes has attracted concerns worldwide since long retention times in lakes allow metals to accumulate and may pose significant threat to ecosystem health. For designing targeted risk mitigation strategies, it is necessary to identify the source-specific risks of heavy metals in the environment. Although previous studies have addressed either risk assessment or source identification of heavy metals in the environment, few have attempted to establish a link between them. In the study, we perform a combination of source apportionment and risk assessment for characterizing the pollution sources and source-specific risks of heavy metals in the sediments of an urban river-lake system. To this end, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was employed to apportion the potential sources of heavy metals, combined with a support vector machine classifier and the referential source fingerprints of metals in the study area. Then, the apportionment results were incorporated into the environmental risk models to evaluate the ecological and human health risks posed by heavy metals from the identified pollution sources. Results showed the river-lake system was contaminated by Cd, Cu, Zn and other metals in varying degree. Particularly, the element of Cd presented moderate to heavy pollution level. In relative, the industrial activities were identified as the largest contributor (48.0%) of heavy metals in the river-lake sediments, mainly associating with electroplating and paper making, followed by the agricultural activities (27.3%) and mix source (24.7%). Overall, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed by the heavy metals were acceptable, however, the element of Cd showed moderate ecological effect. Further, source-oriented risk evaluation suggested industrial processes made higher contributions to the ecological risk of heavy metals in the river-lake system. The study will provide regulators help to update the information by adding apportionment analysis in the context of risk assessment to facilitate subsequent mitigation strategies.

Proposal for the Evaluation of Open Data Portals

The provision of portals that serve as a source of access and availability of public domain data is part of the adoption of public policies that some government entities have implemented in response to the establishment of an open, transparent, multidirectional, collaborative and focused on citizen participation government, both in monitoring and in making public decisions.
 However, the publication of this data must meet certain characteristics to be considered open and of quality. For this reason, studies arise that focus on the approach of methodologies and indicators that measure the quality of the portals and their data.
 For the aim of this paper, the search of referential sources of the last six years regarding the evaluation of data quality and open data portals in Spain, Brazil, Costa Rica, Taiwan and the European Union was carried out with the objective of gathering the necessary inputs for the approach of the methodology presented in the document.

Kriteria Utama dalam Pembangunan Laman Web Berkaitan Hadith: Satu Analisis dan Cadangan

Nowadays, referring to the sources from the internet through websites, apps and private blogs has become a trend among the public. In fact, some of these internet resources do not have any authority and proper control so that it is possible anything can be referred and followed without restrictions and boundaries. Looking at the field of hadith, it is undeniable that websites became a source for the hadith reference. However, the authority and quality of some sites are dissatisfied because they do not meet the minimum criteria as a source of hadith. This article aims to explain the criteria required for using websites as sources of hadith. Through the inductive and deductive analysis methods, this study found ten important criteria for development of hadith websites; [1] Providing full text of hadith; [2] Using scholarly translation; [3] Providing information of the source and takhrij al-hadith (retrieval of hadith); [4] Supplying a brief meaning of the hadiths; [5] A group of qualified committee members or oganizations; [6] Furnishing with friendly interface; [7] Attaching shajarah al-asānid (chain of transmissions ‘tree’); [8] Implementing the themes of the hadith; [9] Categorization of hadiths based on the title of the book; [10] Providing different hadiths as an alternative of fabricated or weak hadiths. This research concludes that these criteria are importance for the development of hadith websites in order to maintain and preserve the authority of the hadith as a referential source of community today.

Formación Docente a través de la Plataforma E-Learning como herramienta para el Aprendizaje Colaborativo

Este ensayo procura demostrar un análisis que tiene como propósito describir la formación docente a través de la plataforma e-learning como herramienta para el aprendizaje colaborativo, en el que se concibe a partir de las herramientas tecnológicas educativas que les permiten desarrollarse en los entornos educativos universitarios que llevan a la producción y transmisión del saber y que son los nuevos recursos presentados en la formación, citado en la declaración mundial del siglo XX. Metodológicamente está orientado desde un enfoque interpretativo a partir de la perspectiva cualitativa, elaborado bajo una revisión crítica de fuentes referenciales, utilizado como técnica de búsqueda que establece la intención de la indagación, además se apoya por la teoría del conectivismo que plantean Siemens (2005); y Downes (2005) acerca del e-learning 2.0. A manera de conclusión, se tiene que la plataforma e-learning como herramienta para el aprendizaje colaborativo, permite ofrecer el modo en que abordaremos la formación docente y como nos preparamos a través de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación. Asimismo, asumir que cada docente deber buscar la manera de obtener responsabilidades cognitivas formándose en las TIC, sino estará en clara desventajas con sus estudiantes.

Differed Restructuring of Neural Connectome Using Evolutionary Neurodynamic Algorithm for Improved M2M Online Learning

Ontological nodes and training material, in any case, contain however a little part of the quickly developing volume of unstructured contents accessible across training datasets ranging from the greater part of heterogeneous "learning". Recovery of these assets is constrained to keyword search, which is in a far-reaching way incognizant in regards to the normal sequential semantic connection in which the query is often requested and all the more essentially for more importantly for development of a perception about a learned concept through the sequential arrangement of information. Numerous core topics covered in several referential sources when no two are precisely similar, with one frequently more suitable when seen in a connection of an ontological relational modalities of semantic web and online training of network based on continuous streaming database; while other on giving major insights of practical implementation. The objective of this work is to present an evolutionary neurodynamic framework to mine such process based learning validated by the visual recording & extraction of neural weights through neurodynamic neural experiences when going through the referenced content. The motivation of this behavioral modeling of autonomous machine’s reaction working as the feedback of the learning content set forth above hinges on the principal capacity to gather a structure of a curricular graph automatically from the training datasets. As it empowers the acknowledgment of: 1) Sharing of neural experiences with the help of structurally sequenced networked topology of such large sample of training datasets resources - with the idea of dynamic analysis and linking of key resources in the mechanism with which the learner develops a general concept about the subject which can be latter re-used or shared with other user's and thus facilitating the qualitative evaluation of the ontological nodes content and its contribution in facilitating deep grasp of the data from feedback loop. 2) Obtaining information driven ontological knowledge base from the curricular relations inside and crosswise over other learning resources and 3) Generating customized, focused curricula, utilizing the tremendous assets of heterogeneous modalities on the training datasets.

Thoughts on the origin, progress, and pronominal status of reciprocal forms in Germanic, occasioned by those of Bavarian

AbstractGrammaticalised reciprocal markers in Germanic derive from combinations of a quantifier and the alterity word ‘other’, elaborating on a minimalist strategy of identical NP repetition suggesting rather than expressing reciprocity (‘earl[s] hated earl[s]’). Subserved by quantifier floating, they develop fromfree to tighter syntactic combinations and eventually intomorphological units, tending towards complete inflectional deactivation. Sooner or later in all Germanic languages, the quantifier part of the reciprocal gets inside prepositional phrases (‘earls fought each/one with other’> ‘earls fought with each/one other’). German continues this fusional theme by combining the reciprocal with prepositions in compounds; and in Bavarian it eventually gets reduced further to a bound stem limited to (partly lexicalised) combinations with a preposition, thus being barred from the direct object relation, unlike the reflexive. In tracing this overall diachronic scenario, the question is raised of the pronominality (or pro-NP-hood) of reciprocals in Germanic. It is argued that, regardless of their nominal and referential source, reciprocals here strongly incline towards becoming adverbs of attenuated, situational rather than personal reference, highlighting the relational (role reversal) rather than the (co-)referential component of reciprocity, as is common also elsewhere.

Modern Teaching Versus Traditional Teaching- Albanian Teachers Between Challenges and Choices

Education lies in the foundations of the nation. Providing knowledge to generations, consolidating their future, inspiring them to incarnate benevolence and esteem splendor, valor and good principles has been one of the oldest professions of mankind, the noblest and the most difficult tasks. It is very significant that Albania and its schools have been subject of this paper. The 25-year period of the country’s transition and the opening of the Albanian society to the Western World Modernization brought profound changes to the Albanian education institutions, in terms of the curricula, management and the teaching processes. The greatest part of teachers in Albania was educated during the communist period, where pedant and traditional teaching prevailed, mainly deriving from the Russian Academics. Traditional methods consider teachers as the center of the teaching process; as well as managers and the main and referential source of the scientific information. Novelties in the teaching-learning methods applied by Western Schools focus on student centered teaching; they create a variety of situations in which students evolve critical thinking. These methods have been acquired by teachers but, in the conclusions of our paper we noticed that, occasionally, they applied traditional teaching methods (especially in the scientific subjects). There is still space and worth for discussion regarding traditional teaching methods versus the modern ones. Various scholars have considered traditional teaching as the method developing theoretical thinking, whereas modern teaching develops practical skills, pragmatist and able to be oriented to the frenetic development of the world. Teachers, especially those teaching subjects like mathematics, physics and chemistry, consider traditional teaching to be more serious since students achieve better results in these subjects when outdated teaching methods have been applied. This paper and its conclusions can be considered interesting since confrontation of ideas regarding teaching methods remains a challenge for all teachers.

Online clinical decision support: how it is used at the point-of-care

The volume of medical literature continues to expand at such a rate that no single doctor or healthcare professional can keep up. At the same time, doctors are increasingly short of time and need answers to important clinical questions quickly. Trying to keep up by acquiring knowledge is no longer possible in the modern era. Point-of-care clinical decision support tools are one way of helping doctors and other healthcare professionals. These tools allow doctors to find immediate, current and evidence-based answers to important clinical questions. The best tools cover a wide range of diseases and uphold the highest standards in editorial quality and evidence-based methodology. While there have been a number of analyses of how existing tools satisfy these criteria, there have been few studies of how point-of-care clinical decision support tools are actually used.1 Many papers also look at referential sources of information rather than those that are actually used at the point-of-care.2 ,3 This paper attempts to address these shortcomings in the literature by analysing the usage of a point-of-care decision support tool—BMJ Best Practice. BMJ Best Practice aims to provide fast and easy access to doctors and other healthcare professionals to the latest relevant information when making diagnostic and treatment decisions. It is …

Possibilidades conceituais da sociologia das ausências em contextos de desqualificação social

In this work, we develop issues on situations of poverty experienced by a significant share of Brazilian workers in contemporaneity. In the first part of the article, we review authors who deal with poverty issues, be it through the ideas of marginalization, marginal inclusion or social unqualification. It is assumed that the historic reconstruction of the social unqualification process can help understand how social structures stand out before actors with constitutive power, making up subjectivation modes and acting on the psychosocial base of individuals. In the second part, we propose the usage of theoretic concepts by Boaventura de Sousa Santos in his social research with subjects under situation of social unqualification, as a referential source capable of explaining, at least partly, this complex reality.

18世紀後半から19世紀初頭エジプトにおけるハルワティーヤ教団組織再考

The present article intends to reconsider the reflections made regarding the illustrations of Sufi orders in Ottoman Egypt, through examination of the organization of al-Khalwatiyya.Studies on the organization of Sufi orders in Ottoman Egypt face two major drawbacks. First, their approaches are based on the modern concept of “institution, ” neglecting the members' perceptions of the orders they adhere to. Second, the studies describe the conditions of the Sufi orders exclusively within the context of popular culture, ignoring approaching such a phenomenon as the product of high culture.Given that al-Khalwatiyya was wide-spread among the ‘Ulama’ of Azhar, the present study scrutinizes the conditions of a given Sufi order in a society of learned. By making use of hagiographical texts (manaqib) written by members of al-Khalwatiyya, and also, the chronicles of al-Jabarti, a member of the order in question, as main referential sources, the scrutiny would be rather draw on the perceptions of the members of the order.The organization of al-Khawatiyya, as illustrated in the sources cited above, is as follows. While, past studies described it as being divided into several sub-orders, the members of the order never viewed themselves as such. They rather perceived that they belonged to a tariga, in this case, al-Khalwatiyya. Such does not deny that their activities were not confined to small groups. So al-Khalwatiyya's orginzation could be perceived as bidimensional: a tariga, to be viewed as a mode of devotion rather than as a social group, and, and master-centered groups, where actual religious activities took place.Also, one should not consider the group's organization as rigid, for it consisted of the direct bond linking the master to his pupils, while and interfollowers ties were quite weak, leading to its disintegration once the master passed away.In conclusion, these perceptions of al-Khalwatiyya as reflected in the selected sources indicate that the organization of Sufi orders was totally different from that of modern “institution.”

Early Referential Context Effects in Sentence Processing: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials

An event-related brain potentials experiment was carried out to examine the interplay of referential and structural factors during sentence processing in discourse. Subjects read (Dutch) sentences beginning like “David told the girl that … ” in short story contexts that had introduced either one or two referents for a critical singular noun phrase (“the girl”). The waveforms showed that within 280 ms after onset of the critical noun the reader had already determined whether the noun phrase had a unique referent in earlier discourse. Furthermore, this referential information was immediately used in parsing the rest of the sentence, which was briefly ambiguous between a complement clause (“ … that there would be some visitors”) and a relative clause (“ … that had been on the phone to hang up”). A consistent pattern of P600/SPS effects elicited by various subsequent disambiguations revealed that a two-referent discourse context had led the parser to initially pursue the relative-clause alternative to a larger extent than a one-referent context. Together, the results suggest that during the processing of sentences in discourse, structural and referential sources of information interact on a word-by-word basis.

Children′s Source Errors in Referential Communication

As shown by children′s failure to make the say-mean distinction in referential communication, young children often confuse utterance information and referential knowledge gained from non-utterance sources. Five experiments examined the extent and nature of the referential source errors of 5- to 10-year old children. Children listened to short stories containing a referential utterance that was informative about the intended referent in a display, informative only in combination with information in the story context, or ambiguous. After each story, the children independently evaluated the sufficiency of the story information to identify the referent and whether the final utterance alone was the source of sufficient information. Children′s confusion of sources of information internal to a story was determined by examining source errors for the contextually informative utterances. In addition, Experiment 1 examined children′s confusion of story information and external referent information provided by the experimenter. The other experiments examined the roles of source similarity and memory access to verbatim information in referential reasoning and source memory. The results showed considerable source confusion by the younger children, which seemed attributable in part to memory variables. Developmental differences in source confusion may reflect the greater independence of reasoning and memory of older children.

Responses of Language-Disordered Children to Wh-Questions

Nineteen language-disordered children aged 3—7 years responded to items representing nine wh-question forms. Questions referred to three types of referential sources based on immediacy and visual availability. Three and 4-year-olds produced significantly fewer functionally appropriate and functionally accurate answers than did the 5- and 6-year-olds. Generally, questions asked with reference to nonobservable persons, actions, or objects appeared the most difficult. Why, when, and what happened questions were the most difficult of the nine wh-forms. In comparison with previous data from normal children, the language-disordered subjects' responses were significantly less appropriate and accurate. The language-disordered children also appeared particularly vulnerable to the increased cognitive/linguistic demands of questioning directed toward nonimmediate referents. A hierarchy of wh-question forms by relative difficulty was very similar to that observed for normal children. Implications for wh-question assessment and intervention are discussed.

Answers to wh-questions: a developmental study.

Forty children aged 3-6 years responded to items representing nine wh-question forms. Questions referred to three types of referential sources (conditions) based on immediacy and visual availability. The hierarchies of wh-question forms based on degree of difficulty were similar to those described in previous investigations. However, a significant interaction between referential conditions and wh-form was found to influence the relative complexity of the stimulus questions. The children were significantly less successful in giving appropriate and accurate responses when the question referred to objects, persons, or events not represented in the immediate setting. Recognition and delivery of the general category or kind of information required by a wh-form (functional appropriateness) appeared to predate substantially the ability to respond with fact, accuracy, logic, and credibility (functional accuracy). The results suggest consideration and control of referential source as well as appropriateness/accuracy response criteria in the evaluation and treatment of language-disordered children.