Referential Processes Research Articles

Impactos da pandemia de covid-19: compreendendo as percepções dos estudantes de graduação da Unicamp

This article investigates the perceptions of undergraduate students at the University of Campinas (Unicamp) regarding the period of emergency remote teaching during the years of 2020 and 2021. The research was developed through the analysis of discursive topics (Jubran, 2006; Rezende, 2006; Pinheiro, 2006) present in the responses to the survey ‘Understanding the performances, contexts, and perspectives of Unicamp students during the years 2020 and 2021 of the covid-19 pandemic’ (2022). The aim of this article is to present partial results of this research, focusing on the analysis of the responses from the 554 students who participated in the survey about their physical and mental health conditions, and the impact of these conditions on their academic activities. The methodology employed involves the analysis of referential processes in the students' answers to two survey questions that address individual and family health conditions during the pandemic. The main conclusion is that there were significant and profound impacts on Unicamp’s undergraduate student population, considering the socio-cognitive implications brought by covid-19 and its impacts on academic practices.

Hierarchical neural processing in γ oscillations for syntactic and semantic operations accounts for first- and second-language epistemology.

We discuss event-related power differences (ERPDs) in low- and broadband-γ oscillations as the embedded-clause edge is processed in wh-dependencies such as Which decision regarding/about him/her did Paul say that Lydie rejected without hesitation? in first (L1) and second language (L2) French speakers. The experimental conditions manipulated whether pronouns appeared in modifiers (Mods; regarding him/her) or in noun complements (Comps; about him/her) and whether they matched or mismatched a matrix-clause subject in gender. Across L1 and L2 speakers, we found that anaphora-linked ERPDs for Mods vs. Comps in evoked power first arose in low γ and then in broadband γ. Referential elements first seem to be retrieved from working memory by narrowband processes in low γ and then referential identification seems to be computed in broadband-γ output. Interactions between discourse- and syntax-based referential processes for the Mods vs. Comps in these ERPDs furthermore suggest that multidomain γ-band processing enables a range of elementary operations for discourse and semantic interpretation. We argue that a multidomain mechanism enabling operations conditioned by the syntactic and semantic nature of the elements processed interacts with local brain microcircuits representing features and feature sets that have been established in L1 or L2 acquisition, accounting for a single language epistemology across learning contexts.

Referential processes in the construction of the controversial modality: a study of tweets published by osmar terra mep

This article aims to analyze, from the interface between Textual Linguistics and Argumentation, the use of referential processes in anti-vaccine speeches published on Twitter on the page of Deputy Osmar Terra. In this way, we discuss, based on the polemical modality, how the argumentative directions around the subject of discourse "vaccine" were constructed. Our corpus of analysis consists of tweets published in April 2022. The work constitutes an exploratory study, with qualitative research characteristics and deductive method, allowing us to observe that the argumentative marks manifest themselves through referential processes, such as the nominal forms, referential introductions and anaphores. We rely on the theoretical conceptions of Amossy (2017) to understand the notion of argumentation in the speeches, as well as the peculiarities of the controversial modality. Extending the View Between the argument and LT, we follow the theoretical assumptions of Cavalcante et al. (2020; 2022). In order to understand the concept of text as process, we rely on the assumptions of Koch (2015) and the studies of Monada and Dubois (2015), Cavalcante, Custódio Filho and Brito (2014), which highlight the importance of understanding referencing as a discursive activity. The study indicates that referential processes contribute to the argumentative dynamics of the text and the objects of speech is introduced, resumed, and (re)categorized depending on the communicative purposes of the enunciator. Furthermore, by means of textual strategies, traces of the polemical modality are revealed.

The referential processes in constructing the argumentative orientation of the text: a gender study opinion article

The referential processes in constructing the argumentative orientation of the text: a gender study opinion article

Referential processes in dreams: A brief report from a COVID-19 dreams analysis.

Referential processes in dreams: A brief report from a COVID-19 dreams analysis.

Supplemental Material for Referential Processes in Dreams: A Brief Report From a COVID-19 Dreams Analysis

Supplemental Material for Referential Processes in Dreams: A Brief Report From a COVID-19 Dreams Analysis

Referencial processes on televisive politic debate

Este trabalho analisa como os processos referenciais atuam no gênero debate político televisivo tanto na perspectiva argumentativa quanto na textualidade. Nesse sentido, fez-se uma abordagem da referenciação, um fenômeno do discurso que estabelece a reconstrução do real por meio da linguagem. Em relação à base teórica, contou-se com as contribuições de Cajueiro (2013), Cavalcante, Custódio Filho e Brito (2014), Costa (2009), Custódio Filho (2011), Cavalcante, Rodrigues e Ciulla (2014), Ferreira (2010), Koch (2004 e 2011), Koch e Elias (2009), Marcuschi (2003 e 2010), entre outros. O estudo traz uma perspectiva qualitativa, evidenciando a relevância e a funcionalidade dos processos referenciais observados. Nas análises, observou-se que os processos referenciais evidenciados no debate atuaram na constituição da tessitura textual, no que se refere à manutenção do gênero e das temáticas abordadas. Na argumentação, por sua vez, esses processos permitiram a reconstrução de objetos de discurso, uma vez que cada debatedor a efetuava a partir de seus pontos de vista, procurando desqualificar o oponente e enaltecer-se como o melhor candidato ao pleito.

Ocorrências de anáforas encapsuladoras em redações do Enem

Este trabalho pretende verificar como as anáforas encapsuladoras – também conhecidas como encapsulamentos – são utilizadas como rótulos avaliativos no gênero “redação do Enem”. Primeiramente, destacamos a importância da referenciação pelas anáforas, por serem um meio relevante para a coesão textual. Depois, ressaltamos o papel dos encapsulamentos em sumarizar e rotular porções textuais, construindo objetos de discurso essenciais para a coesão e, no caso dos textos argumentativos, para o posicionamento do autor (Koch, 2004; Cavalcante, 2005; Bertucci, 2006). Nosso corpus é constituído de 31 redações nota 1000 no Enem de 2018. Após a seleção, quantificamos a ocorrência das anáforas encapsuladoras, distinguindo-as entre descritivas e opinativas. Verificamos que: i) apenas 2 redações não apresentavam os encapsulamentos sob análise; ii) houve uma ocorrência maior do tipo descritivo (79%); e iii) em apenas dois textos o tipo opinativo se sobressaiu. Do ponto de vista qualitativo, decidimos analisar dois casos. Em ambos, a análise corrobora a ideia de que essas anáforas são essenciais para a coesão do texto e, no caso do gênero redação do Enem, são essenciais também para o direcionamento argumentativo do texto. Não à toa, foram avaliados com a nota máxima no Exame.

How culture influences perspective taking: differences in correction, not integration

Individuals from East Asian (Chinese) backgrounds have been shown to exhibit greater sensitivity to a speaker’s perspective than Western (U.S.) participants when resolving referentially ambiguous expressions. We show that this cultural difference does not reflect better integration of social information during language processing, but rather is the result of differential correction: in the earliest moments of referential processing, Chinese participants showed equivalent egocentric interference to Westerners, but managed to suppress the interference earlier and more effectively. A time-series analysis of visual-world eye-tracking data found that the two cultural groups diverged extremely late in processing, between 600 and 1400 ms after the onset of egocentric interference. We suggest that the early moments of referential processing reflect the operation of a universal stratum of processing that provides rapid ambiguity resolution at the cost of accuracy and flexibility. Late components, in contrast, reflect the mapping of outputs from referential processes to decision-making and action planning systems, allowing for a flexibility in responding that is molded by culturally specific demands.

A construção de objetos de discurso nos perfis fakes do Twitter

Neste artigo, tomando como pressuposto a ideia de que a referenciação é um processo discursivo levado a cabo durante a construção do texto (MONDADA; DUBOIS, 2003; KOCH, 2005; MARCUSCHI, 2008) e também o entendimento de que os gêneros do discurso, em função de suas particularidades retóricas e situacionais, exercem condicionamentos para os processos referenciais, objetivamos analisar algumas particularidades do processo de construção de objetos de discurso em postagens produzidas em perfis fakes do Twitter, estes caracterizados por assumir a lógica discursiva de uma celebridade e visarem provocar diversão e humor aos internautas. O corpus é composto por um exemplário de postagens que circularam em perfis fakes parodiando celebridades brasileiras e foram escolhidas em função da incidência mais evidente da construção referencial. Como resultado podemos afirmar que o fake tanto oferece o ponto de vista para a construção dos objetos de discurso mencionados nas postagens como é ele próprio tributário dessa construção.

CANCIÓN VS VIOLENCIA. RESPUESTA AL 11 DE SEPTIEMBRE EN LA CANCIÓN NORTEAMERICANA. EL CASO DE LOS BLACK EYED PEAS

The objective of this article is to understand the relationship that can be established between the entertaining function of songs, and their ability to respond to given social processes. In this way, it could be argued that the idealising and didactic functions of music can be equated to the ideational function of language identifi ed by M.A.K. Halliday. Therefore, by analysing referential processes, transitivity and metaphorical uses, we shall be able to fi gure out the personal and social experience that musicians are drawing upon in their reactions to certain social events. In this article, we will focus on the response of the Black Eyed Peas to the 9/11 attacks in New York. To achieve this, we will do a linguistic analysis of their song "Where is the love". In this way we shall draw conclusions not only on the discursive construction of a given social image, but also on the musical reaction to socio-political events.

Syntactic and referential processes in second-language learners: event-related brain potential evidence

Automatic phrase-building processes were investigated in second-language (L2) learners of French (native German speakers). Event-related brain potentials were recorded while participants listened to syntactically or semantically correct or incorrect French sentences containing a subject-modifying relative clause. Phrase structure violations in the subject-modifying relative clause leading to difficulties in reference processing of the subject noun in the main clause (syntactic condition) were associated with a frontal negativity (150-600 ms) followed by a late anterior negativity (750-1500 ms). Violations of the selectional restriction (semantic condition) elicited the classical N400 (300-600 ms). Taken together, our results suggest that automatic syntactic phrase-building processes can also be involved in L2 learners, at least when the word category violation occurs in a syntactically obligatory constituent such as predicative prepositional phrase.

A definitude na referência textual-discursiva: uma visão funcionalista

The description of referential processes – semantic, pragmatic and cognitive – is provided. Descriptions defined by the definite article interpret the definiteness in the textual and discursive reference. A theoretical and analytic apparatus is thus constructed that accounts for the designative nature of definite descriptions with regard to their concrete/abstract qualities; with referentiating operations, or rather, referential retrieval, remission and construction; with cognitive and pragmatic and discursive sources that establish the bases of definiteness interpreted by a definite description. The referential description of a corpus of 207 definite descriptions taken from a text in rhetorical literature is provided. The main premise, based on quantitative data with 140 definite descriptions (67.6%) from the active archive, is that the definiteness of a definite expression is not a priori established, but is built within the inner core of discursiveness.

Determination und Referenz im frühen L2 Erwerb Französisch

To date, processes of early foreign/second language acquisition (eL2) throughout primary education (age 6–10) are not addressed in their own right within the field of SLA research (1). However, recent findings stemming from newer eL2 corpora raise questions about the specific nature of eL2 development as compared to (well documented) adult L2 and (unbalanced) 2L1 acquisition (2). Exploratory studies of the eL2 determiner system (3) as displayed in referential processes in eL2 interaction by the young learners (4) reveal features of the specific quality of eL2 development (referring expressions, determiners) and also point out the need for further studies in the field of situated eL2 learning, in particular as regards questions of methodology as well as on the general level of SLA theory building (5).

Transcription of Fragments of Lectures in 1948 by Harry Stack Sullivan

Transcription of Fragments of Lectures in 1948 by Harry Stack SullivanAlan B. Cooper and Robert W. GuynnAlan B. Cooper1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, the University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonSearch for more papers by this author and Robert W. Guynn2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Executive Director of the Harris County Psychiatric Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:July 2006https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2006.69.2.101PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations AboutReferencesPerry, H. S. (1982). Psychiatrist of America: The life of Harry Stack Sullivan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google ScholarPerry, H. S., & Gawel, M.L. (1953). Editors' Preface. In H. W. Perry & M. L. Gawel (Eds.), The interpersonal theory of psychiatry (pp. vii–x). New York: Norton. Google ScholarSullivan, H. S. (1956). Sublimation, obsessionalism, and the early referential processes. In H.W. Perry, M.L. Gawel, & M. Gibbon (Eds.), Clinical studies in psychiatry (pp. 12–13). New York: Norton. Google ScholarSullivan, H. S. (1953a). The beginnings of the self system. In H. W. Perry & M. L. Gawel (Eds.), The interpersonal theory of psychiatry (pp. 158–171). New York: Norton. Google ScholarSullivan, H. S. (1953b). The transition from infancy to childhood: The acquisition of speech as learning. In H. W. Perry & M. L. Gawel (Eds.), The interpersonal theory of psychiatry (pp. 172–187). New York: Norton Google Scholar Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Cited byCited by1. Relations of Distinct Psychopathic Personality Traits with Anxiety and Fear: Findings from Offenders and Non-OffendersOnline publication date: 16 November 2015. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar2. Anhedonia in Trauma Related Disorders: The Good, the Bad, and the Shut-DownOnline publication date: 27 January 2014. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar3. Differences between trait fear and trait anxiety: Implications for psychopathologyOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar4. Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref Volume 69Issue 2Mar 2006 Information© Guilford Publications Inc.PDF download

The role of discourse context in the processing of a flexible word-order language

On-line comprehension studies of flexible word-order languages find that noncanonical (‘scrambled’) structures induce more difficulty than canonical structures [e.g., Hyönä & Hujanen, Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 50A (1997) 841–858], with this difference being attributed to the structural complexity/infrequency of these forms. However, by presenting sentences in isolation, most existing studies have not examined the extent to which processing patterns can be explained by discourse factors. In Finnish, an articleless flexible word-order language with canonical SVO order, word order can be used to encode the given/new distinctions: OVS marks the object as given and the subject as new; SVO is more flexible, being used in multiple contexts. Thus, the observed dispreference for noncanonical orders in previous work may arise from additional presuppositions needed to understand them out of context [cf. Crain & Steedman, Natural Language Parsing, (1985), 320–358]. Two experiments were conducted to examine these issues in Finnish. Experiment 1 used a self-paced reading task to show that the usual difficulty associated with noncanonical constructions is partially alleviated in the presence of appropriate discourse contexts. In Experiment 2, the eye gaze of listeners was tracked as they heard spoken descriptions of scenes, so as to test whether specific on-line referential processes are involved in SVO/OVS comprehension: Upon hearing an OV… sequence, Finnish listeners should expect the upcoming noun to be discourse-new, whereas an SV… sequence makes no such prediction. The results confirmed these predictions. As compared to SVO, OVS sentences showed anticipatory eye movements to a discourse-new referent at the second noun onset, even before participants had enough acoustic information to recognize this word. Our findings illustrate that in a flexible word-order language, a noncanonical order can result in anticipatory processes regarding the discourse status of a yet-to-be-heard constituent.

Die Indexikalität der Referenz in der sozialen Interaktion: diskursive Konstruktionen von ›ich‹ und ›hier‹

This paper brings together two different traditions in the study of reference and, more specifically, of some deictical terms: it combines the French tradition of the ›linguistique de l’enonciation‹ with a conversation analytic perspective insisting on the emergent character of the referential processes within the sequential unfolding of talk-in-interaction. These two approaches allow us to consider deixis as an interactional accomplishment by which participants elaborate not only their reference to the world but also their positioning within the socio-contextual space as well as within the discursive space. These ideas are applied to a corpus of sociological interviews, in which deictical reference and positioning are analysed as an interactional achievement of both the interviewee and the interviewer.

Langage et communications animales.

Results on animal communications have exploded these last 20 years. If nobody still thinks that animal may have a kind of language as humans have, complexity of animal communications have been shown to be much more complex that what had been previously thought: traditions, meta-communication, innovation and abilities to manipulate information through deception, especially among primates, as well as great plasticity in referential processes have been observed. Simple syntaxes and dialogic situations have also been shown among animal communications, but no species studied to date seem able to naturally refer to presentles phenomena. We nevertheless must be cautious. Our intuitions about animal communications are often wrong. Examples of not yet solved problems abond. We can refer to what G. Bateson said about inability of animal to express negation, suggestion by P. Marier that play behaviour is the great analog with human language in animals, or D. Dennett's about the lack of secrecy among vervet monkeys. It seems to be an illusory belief to look for THE great feature of human language, compared with animal communications. It is more fruitful to consider that a number of meaningful differences distinguish language and animal communications. Such a careful and technical position being adopted here had already been defended by British biologist J.B.S. Haldane in the fifties, but it is still the best one.

Life and reference

The paper recommends a broadening of Howard Pattee's seminal distinction between a dynamic and a linguistic mode of living systems. It is observed that even the dynamic mode is always a semiotic mode although indexical and analogically coded rather than symbolic and digitally coded. The analogically coded messages corresponds to a kind of tacit knowledge hidden in macromolecular structure and shape (e.g. molecular complementarity) and in organismic architecture and communication, i.e. in the semiotic interactions of the body. It is claimed that the origin of referential processes is tied to the flow of historical singularities. The function of analog and digital codes in evolutionary systems is discussed.

Spatial reference in narrative domains

This article examines spatial reference in natural-language narratives, highlighting issues central to what has emerged as a vital field of cross-disciplinary research - namely, the field of narrative analysis. Based on a corpus of seventeen ghost stories told by residents of Robeson and Graham Counties, North Carolina, during sociolinguistic interviews designed to gather information about their dialects, the article focuses on how tales of the supernatural provide an ideal laboratory for studying referential processes in narrative. The challenge of tracking the movements of ghostly agents through space is no less demanding than that of establishing reference to such agents to begin with. Thus not just quaint tales about rural areas with a haunted past, the stories under examination provide an important test case for studying how narratives enable 'cognitive mapping', the process by which things and events are mentally modeled as being located somewhere in the world.