Reference Values For Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Normal range of white blood cells among Sudanese in Wad-Medani, Gezira state, Sudan “2015 to 2022”

Introduction: The white blood cells (WBCs) count is a crucial parameter used to assess the immune system’s function and diagnose various diseases, including infections, autoimmune disorders and certain types of cancers. Appropriate local reference values for hematological parameters are important for diagnosis, treatment, follow up and screening. It is well noticed by practicing medical personnel for many years that, WBCs count in Sudanese patients is much lower than standard references for the rest of the world. SO knowing the baseline values of WBCs in the Sudanese population is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the normal range of WBCs among Sudanese people in Wad-Medani, Gezira state, Sudan. Method and material: Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to patients attending Dr. Ahmed A. Adam private clinic in Wad-Medani city. Sample was selected from medical records from 2015 to 2022 and 1st of August to 2nd of November 2023, by trained medical students in the period from the 1st of August to the 2nd of November 2023. Semi-structured questionnaire containing personal data and other information related to health status was obtained from medical records. Result: A total of 673 healthy participants were included, 357 males (53%) and 316 females (47), with age range between 14 to 100 years. The mean ± SD of WBCs count for the Sudanese population in the study in Wad-Madani state was 6.04 ± 1.31 × 103/ µl Conclusion: The results of this study showed that normal WBCs Count of Sudanese people was similar to WBCs count in African countries but was less than the international count.

Establishment of Reference Intervals of Blood Parameters Among the Healthy Afghan Population.

This study was designed and conducted to validate the reference values of hematological parameters for healthy adult male and female residents of Kabul city, Afghanistan. In this cross-sectional study, the samples were collected according to a non-random sampling method. Blood samples were collected from students and employees of Kabul University. The study included 166 males and 125 females, aged 18-45 years. The selection and exclusion of participants were carried out according to a questionnaire and the assessment of serum ferritin and vitamin B12 levels. Candidates with lower serum ferritin and vitamin B12, a history of chronic disease, females with menstruation or pregnancy, and those with chronic abdominal pain were excluded. Reference ranges for all blood parameters were determined by a non-parametric method. The determined reference values were compared between males and females by the Z-test. Reference intervals for hemoglobin (4.5-6.3 g/dL for males and 3.66-5.67 g/dL for females) and hematocrit (36.23-55.93% for males and 30.20-53.86% for females) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in males. No significant (p<0.05) differences were observed between the reference intervals for the red blood cell count. Therefore, we conclude that the commonly used reference intervals should be revised for the Afghan population, as our findings indicated higher reference values for the hemoglobin and hematocrit indices.

Normal Reference Values of Complete Blood Count in Healthy Adult Population of Pakistan; A Multicentre Study

Aim: To establish the reference values of hematological parameters in blood donors of all the four provinces of Pakistan as a general population. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted from Jan 2017-Oct 2017 in the blood bank and the Dept. of Haematology, The CH&amp;ICH, Lahore, Fatimid Foundation, Karachi, Bolan medical college, Quetta, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi &amp; Ayub medical college, Abbottabad, KPK. Blood samples of 1060 male and female blood donors were collected from the blood banks of all the centers mentioned above. CBC and differential were performed using an automated hematology analyzer in the respective departments. Results: The mean and 95% reference values (2.5th-97.5th) for males WBC 7.752+4.506×109 cells/L, RBC 4.958 +1.331, HB 14.258 +3.423 g/dl, HCT 41.967 +16.345, MCV 84.584 +15.933, PLT 219.485 +197.331, LYM 3.346 +10.112, NEUT 6.843+23.557, MONO 0.811 +3.601, EO 0.327 +0.995. For females WBC 7.174+3.037, RBC4.567 +1.086, HB 12.972 +2.752, HCT39.647 +48.186, PLT 264.07+175.079, LYM 2.537+5.005, NEUT 4.769+11.314, MONO 0.460 +0.909, EO 0.188+0.39 Conclusion: The hematological profile of the population in all four provinces of Pakistan differed from the reports of other countries and the standard reference ranges described in the textbook. So, our own hematological parameters must be followed. More studies must be carried out on other age groups and even on adults to strengthen our results. Keywords: Normal reference values, Complete blood count, Healthy adults of Pakistan

Assessment of Hematological Profile in Amrith Mahal Breed of Cattle

The current study was undertaken with the objective of determining the reference values for hematological parameters for Amrith Mahal breed of cattle in general and in the subpopulations such as male, female and different age group of animals. A total of Twenty four healthy Amrith Mahal cattle were selected and divided into four groups based on sex and age as Group I (Young male of one to three years), Group II (Adult male of three to six years), Group III (Young female one to three years ) and Group IV (Adult female cattle of three to six years). Blood samples were collected from these animals and hematological parameters were determined by using hematology autoanalyzer and some by manual method. Mean and standard error values of the hematological parameters viz., TEC , TLC , Hb , PCV, TLC, DLC, MCV, MCHC for all the four groups were tabulated. The data presented in this study can be used as a baseline to study the haematological alterations due to nutritional deficiencies, physiological status, metabolic disorders and pathological conditions .

Estimation of hematological reference intervals for clinically healthy Iraqi local goats using reference value advisor

A cross section study was conducted to investigate the effect of sex and to establish reference values for hematological parameters in the Iraqi local goats in order to form a basis for clinical interpretation. A total of 120 goats (59 male and 61 female) were enrolled in the current study during the period from November to December 2016. The animal’s age ranged from 1 to 5 years. Statistical analysis showed that Hct, MCV, and WBC means were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in males as compared with females. On the other hand, the MCHC in females was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than males. Hematological parameters were measured and reference interval (RI) was determined by using Reference Value Advisor. The results revealed that the RI of hematological parameters of the present study as following: hematocrit (RBC) 9.00–18.00 × 106; Hb 9.00–10.99 g/dl; hematocrit (Hct) 24.00–35.00%, corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 29.41–42.00 g/dl; corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 4.41–6.27 pg; corpuscular volume (MCV) 13.15–19.69 fl; and WBC 7.50–13.98 × 103. The results showed that the effect of age and sex was significant (P < 0.05) on most of hematological parameters. It could be concluded that age and sex should be considered in the estimation of hematological parameters, to ensure accurate interpretation of the parameters in goats. The difference between RI of Iraqi local goats and the general reference intervals could be attributed to breed-specific variation. The findings of the present study could serve as reference values for hematological parameters of Iraqi local goats and could assist the veterinarians to interpret laboratory data and to monitor the animal health.

The hematological parameters in clinically normal Iraqi local breed goats

The aim of the present work is to determine the hematological parameters in clinically normal local breed goats. The study was conducted on 130 goats (40 males of them 20 bucks and 20 buck kids and 90 females of them 20 doe kids, 20 dry does, 25 pregnant and 25 lactating does) aged 6 months-4 years in AL-Najaf province-Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into EDTA tubes during October 2013 untill February 2014. Results showed that the ranges and means ±SE of blood picture were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 26-40% and 31.8±0.32%, Hemoglobin (Hb) 8-14.3g/dL and 10.3±0.13 g/dL, Red blood cell (RBC) 10.6-17×106/μL and 13.3±0.14×106/μL, Mean cell volume (MCV) 18.4-32.5 fL and 23.9±0.14 fL, Mean cell Hemoglobin (MCH) 5.5-8.8 and 7.7±0.05 pg, Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28.3-36.9 g/dL and 32.4±0.15 g/dL, Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) 1-10 mm/ 24h and 4.1±0.14 mm/ 24h, White blood cell count (WBC) 5500-15900/μL and 10732±242/μL, Lymphocyte (L) 2772-10172/μL and 6080±149 /Μl, neutrophils (N) 1863-8680/μL and 4112±121/μL, monocytes 57.0-622/μL and313±11/μL, eosinophil’s 0-918/μL and 222±14/μL, basophils 0±0/μL and 0±0/μL, L/N ratio 0.4-3.8 and 1.5±0.04, respectively. There was a significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and no difference in ESR,WBC, DLC and L/N ratio between males and females. However, significant (P&lt;0.05) differences in most hematological parameters of sub groups have been recorded. In conclusion the present data recorded the reference values of hematological parameters in clinically healthy local breed goats with a significant difference between males and females as well as in normal subgroups.

Reference values of blood cell counts in the first days of life

The lack of updated neonatal reference values for hematological parameters impacts significantly with clinical management of both healthy and sick newborns. The present pilot study was thus aimed at assessing updated hematological Italian reference values in late preterm and term newborns. From January 2004 to December 2008 hematological laboratory tests were performed in 1175 newborns (820 healthy and 355 sick controls) between 33-41 weeks of gestation, during the first four days after birth. Hematological parameters were sorted for gender and gestational age and statistically analyzed. No gender-related differences were observed at different weeks of gestation and no significant differences were found when study population was sub-grouped for late preterm and term newborns. During the first 4 days of life erythrocytes and platelets remained stable whilst white blood cell counts and differentials were significantly modified. This study shares updated reference values for hematological parameters in the early phases after birth and offers additional support for improving the management of sick infants.

Impact of delivery mode and gestational age on haematological parameters in Taiwanese preterm infants

Reference ranges of haematological parameters in preterm infants are limited. The aim of this study is to determine the reference values of haematological parameters in preterm infants in Taiwan, and to assess the impact of gestational age and mode of delivery on these parameters. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed in preterm infants admitted to National Taiwan University Hospital from January 2001 to December 2004. The inclusion criteria included infants with <37 weeks of gestation who had blood sampling within 24 h of birth. The exclusion criteria included those with maternal history of antepartum haemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, fever, sepsis, preeclampsia and hypertension; and perinatal history of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, feto-maternal transfusion, injury and infection. Of 568 preterm infants with blood cell counts, 337 were available for analysis. There were trends of increase in red blood cell counts, haemoglobin levels and haematocrit values as gestation increased up to 34 weeks. In contrast, a trend of decrease was noted in mean corpuscular volume values. There was an initial trend of decrease in white blood cell counts and then increased after 31 weeks gestation. The platelet counts were essentially unchanged. Infants born by vaginal delivery generally had higher haematological parameters than those born by Caesarean section at different gestational ages except for mean corpuscular volume values. We established the reference ranges of haematological parameters in Taiwanese preterm infants. Health-care professionals must be cautious in clinical application of the haematological values because of varying antenatal and perinatal risk factors.

Age-related changes in selected haematology parameters in rabbits

Even though there is an abundance of information on the reference values of haematological parameters in adult rabbits, a little is known about the changes in haematology in newborn rabbits or during their postnatal development. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate changes in red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and differential leukocyte counts in SPF New Zealand White rabbits from the age of one day to 20 weeks. Significant age-related changes during the first four weeks of life were detected. These included an increase of RBC and WBC, reversal of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and increase of total counts of eosinophils and basophils. From the age of six weeks of life, all of the studied haematological parameters were comparable to those of adult rabbits.

Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Saudi Arabia

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in different areas of Saudi Arabia. A household survey was conducted in 34 different areas of Saudi Arabia. Demographic data and medical history were taken and filled. Fasting and two-hour "post-glucose load" blood samples were collected from 23,493 Saudi males and females and blood glucose was estimated immediately. The diagnoses of DM and IGT were made based on the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). Diabetic patients were subgrouped as IDDM and NIDDM on the basis of age of onset and mode of treatment. In the overall group (two to 70 years), the prevalence of IDDM, NIDDM and IGT was 0.193%, 5.503% and 0.498% in the Saudi males and 0.237%, 4.556% and 0.900% in the Saudi females. When grouped on the basis of age, there were 8762 children (<14 years). Of these children, 15 (0.171%) had IDDM and 13 (0.148%) had maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The prevalence of IGT in this group was 0.250%. In the 14-70-year age group, the prevalence of IDDM, NIDDM and IGT was 0.239%, 9.50% and 0.717% in the males and 0.248%, 6.820% and 1.347% in the females, respectively. A significant increase (P<0.001) was obvious in the age group >30 years, where the prevalence of NIDDM and IGT rose to 17.32% and 1.30% in the males and 12.18% and 2.2% in the females, respectively. IDDM showed a slight decrease in those over the age of 60 years. These results place Saudi Arabia among the countries that have a high prevalence for DM and a moderate risk for IGT. In light of these findings, it is clear that carefully planned programs are needed to achieve control and prevention of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia.