Redundancy Theory Research Articles

A Security Information Transmission Method Based on DHR for Seafloor Observation Network.

A seafloor observation network (SON) consists of a large number of heterogeneous devices that monitor the deep sea and communicate with onshore data centers. Due to the long-distance information transmission and the risk of malicious attacks, ensuring the integrity of data in transit is essential. A cryptographically secure frame check sequence (FCS) has shown great advantages in protecting data integrity. However, the commonly used FCS has a collision possibility, which poses a security risk; furthermore, reducing the encryption calculation cost is a challenge. In this paper, we propose a secure, lightweight encryption scheme for transmitted data inspired by mimic defense from dynamic heterogeneous redundancy theory. Specifically, we use dynamic keys to encrypt a data block and generate multiple encrypted heterogeneous blocks for transmission. These continuously changing encrypted data blocks increase the confusion regarding the original encoded data, making it challenging for attackers to interpret and modify the data blocks. Additionally, the redundant information from the multiple blocks can identify and recover tampered data. Our proposed scheme is suitable for resource-constrained environments where lightweight encryption is crucial. Through experimental demonstrations and analysis methods, we determine the effectiveness of our encryption scheme in reducing computational costs and improving security performance to protect data integrity.

Identification of Redundant Patches in Early Urbanized Areas Based on mRMR + SVM

Rapid global urbanization has inevitably led to habitat fragmentation, and much research has focused on responding by building ecological networks and improving connectivity. The construction of such post-event ecological networks is sometimes not effective, and the identification and protection of important patches in the early urbanization period is more significant. Based on the redundancy theory, this paper explores the method of identifying potential critical habitat patches after future urban development. The paper takes the Longxing area of Chongqing city as an example and uses the cumulative current value results of circuit theory model simulations and patch characteristic attribute information as sample data, introduces a combination of the minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion and a support vector machine (mRMR + SVM) to discriminate the redundancy of patches in ecological networks, and ranks the importance of source patches. The results show that the mRMR criterion can exhibit a more realistic ranking of patch importance, allowing patches with better quality to achieve a higher ranking. Compared to the patch importance determined based on the magnitude of the cumulative current value, 66.34% of the patch importance order changed in the mRMR criterion ranking results. The mRMR + SVM method was effective in identifying individuals with redundancy from the set of source-site patches. The test found that ecological corridors still passed through or occurred near these redundant patches after their removal, demonstrating the substitutability of patches identified as redundant. The results of the study can help improve the knowledge of ecological networks and provide quantitative methodological support and decision-making reference for urban development and ecological conservation.

Research of Strategies of Chinese-to-English Simultaneous Interpreting

Simultaneous interpreting is a translating method with the high efficiency, whose average time interval is short between the source text and the target text. Therefore, this characteristic can fully ensure a coherent speech and does not interrupt the thinking of the speaker, which helps audiences understand the whole speech smoothly. Owing to expression differences between Chinese and English, the redundancy phenomenon is prone to appear in the process of simultaneous interpreting. The author of this paper studies the problem of redundancy by own participation into the translation practice. The aim of this paper is to unmask the redundancy problem in the translation that has traditionally been neglected by English learners, especially for bilingual interpreters. This paper resorts to information theory and redundancy theory of information theory as well as some persuasive examples to discuss the redundancy problem and affords feasible solutions for interpreters with a view to advance their interpreting skills. This practice report takes two speeches as research objects from the Fourth International Conference on the Development of China and Indian Ocean Economies. The author deeply analyses strategies of dealing with the redundancy in the Chinese-English simultaneous interpreting for the purpose of providing abundant examples to the redundancy research.

Design of a Computable Approximate Reasoning Logic System for AI

The fuzzy logic reasoning based on the “If... then...” rule is not the inaccurate reasoning of AI against ambiguity because fuzzy reasoning is antilogical. In order to solve this problem, a redundancy theory for discriminative weight filtering containing six theorems and one M(1,2,3) model was proposed and the approximate reasoning process was shown, the system logic of AI handling ambiguity as an extension of the classical logic system was proposed. The system is a generalized dynamic logic system characterized by machine learning, which is the practical-application logic system of AI, and can effectively deal with practical problems including conflict, noise, emergencies and various unknown uncertainties. It is characterized by combining approximate reasoning and computing for specific data conversion through machine learning. Its core is data and calculations and the condition is “sufficient” high-quality training data. The innovation is that we proposed a discriminative weight filtering redundancy theory and designed a computable approximate reasoning logic system that combines approximate reasoning and calculation through machine learning to convert specific data. It is a general logic system for AI to deal with uncertainty. The study has significance in theory and practice for AI and logical reasoning research.

A system-level dual-redundancy steer-by-wire system

Vehicle steer-by-wire system (SBW) can improve the handling stability, passive safety, active safety and drive comfort significantly, which becomes a hot topic in research. However, the safety problem of SBW is one of the most critical problem in its practical application. In order to solve the safety reliability problem of SBW, a dual-redundancy steer-by-wire system (DSBW) is proposed in this paper by applying the redundancy theory, in which no system failure is achieved when any single random electrical fault occurs, showing that DSBW is a system-level dual-redundancy system rather than a system with local redundancy. Finally, a DSBW prototype is manufactured to prove its high safety reliability. Fault injection experiments of the system are performed, in which DSBW works normally when any single electrical fault occurs.

Wittgenstein and Redundant Truth

In the Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein is sometimes claimed to hold a redundancy (or deflationary) theory of truth. The main evidence to support this view, however, comes from a single passage, number 136, which has been misinterpreted. In this essay I argue for an alternative interpretation of the critical passage in question. The purpose behind Wittgenstein’s remarks is not to provide a general theory of truth, per se. Rather, Wittgenstein uses the section as a way to introduce his notion of fit, a notion that will play a more substantial role in his later arguments on following rules. Furthermore, if Wittgenstein did hold something close to a redundancy theory of truth, such a view would illuminate remarks from the earlier notebooks about a crucial Tractarian view rather than his later view from the Investigations: the so-called “Picture Theory”.

Improvement of English key competences based on machine learning and artificial intelligence technology

How to apply artificial intelligence technology to help education reform is a problem that teaching researchers need to solve urgently. Using artificial intelligence technology to improve the key competences of English subjects is the new direction of current English teaching development. This research combines machine learning technology to analyze the key competences assessment of English teaching disciplines and builds an evaluation model corresponding to the threshold. Moreover, on the basis of orderly mutual information, this study combines the maximum correlation and minimum redundancy theory to select the attribute algorithm to optimize the key competences assessment function of English subjects. In addition, in this study, the performance of the research model is analyzed through a comparative test, and the results are analyzed through actual numerical comparison and error comparison. The research results show that the recognition accuracy of this research model is closer than that of the real score, has higher accuracy, and has certain practical effects.

The capacity to know and perception

The capacity to know and perception

Redundancy theory and evaluation index of cable–strut system

Redundancy theory of cable–strut system is developed for evaluation of structural design. This redundancy theory extends system-level redundancy to member-level redundancy and takes pre-force into account by introducing the second-order deformation of cable and strut. The linear and nonlinear redundancy matrices are derived through potential energy equations in the form of linear and nonlinear deformations, respectively. The characteristics of structural geometry, topology, and material property are included in both linear and nonlinear redundancy matrices. Nonlinear redundancy matrix is also related to pre-force. Two sets of redundancy-based indexes are proposed for evaluation of cable–strut system. The system-level index set is used to evaluate structural redundancy and the strengthening effect of the pre-force on the structural redundancy. The member-level index set is used to evaluate the distribution of redundancy and structural uniformity. Finally, three groups of 3-bar prisms and two groups of cable domes are designed and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed redundancy-based indexes. The results show that the two sets of redundancy-based indexes are able to reflect pre-force level and evenness of distribution of strain energy and thus can be used as structural evaluation indexes.

Truth in the Investigations

According to a widespread interpretation, in the Investigations Wittgenstein adopted a deflationary or redundancy theory of truth. On this view, Wittgenstein’s pronouncements about truth should be understood in the light of his invocation of the equivalences ‘p’ is true = p and ‘p’ is false = not p. This paper shows that this interpretation does not do justice to Wittgenstein’s thoughts. I will be claiming that, in fact, in his second book Wittgenstein is returning to the pre-Tractarian notion of bipolarity, and that his new development of this notion in the Investigations excludes the redundancy-deflationary reading. Wittgenstein’s thoughts about truth are instead compatible with another interpretative option: Wittgenstein remains faithful to his methodological pronouncements, and he merely presents us with (grammatical) platitudes about the notions of “true” and “false”.

Design method of redundancy of brace-anchor sharing supporting based on cooperative deformation

Because of the complicated environment requirement, the support form of foundation pit is diversified, and the brace-anchor sharing support is widely used. However, the research on the force deformation characteristics and the related aspects of the cooperative response of the brace-anchor sharing support is insufficient. The application of redundancy theory in structural engineering has been more mature, but there is little theoretical research on redundancy theory in underground engineering. Based on the idea of collaborative deformation, the paper calculates the ratio of the redundancy degree of the cooperative deformation by using the local reinforcement design method and the structural component redundancy parameter calculation formula based on Frangopol. Combined with the engineering case, through the calculation of the ratio of cooperative deformation redundancy in the joint of brace-anchor sharing support. This paper explores the optimal anchor distribution form under the condition of cooperative deformation, and through the analysis and research of displacement field and stress field, the results of the collaborative deformation are validated by comparing the field monitoring data. It provides theoretical basis for the design of this kind of foundation pit in the future.

Vehicle Redundant Power with High Safety and Reliability

Power module is one of the most important modules for automotive safety-critical electronic systems (ASCES) such as electronic steering and braking system. The paper proposes vehicle redundant power (RP) and focuses on improving the safety and reliability of power module for redundant ASCES (RASCES). The proposed vehicle RP adopts isolated strong and weak power based on redundancy theory, which not only has the ability of failure tolerance, but also provides clean and stable electricity to RASCES controllers. Analyzing the safety and reliability of vehicle RP using Fault Tree Analysis method, the failure rate can meet the automotive safety integrity level (ASIL) D random hardware failure target value demand in automotive functional safety standard ISO26262. Failure injection test results show vehicle RP can reach “failure/operation/warning” high safety and reliability.

Unity through truth

Renewed worries about the unity of the proposition have been taken as a crucial stumbling block for any traditional conception of propositions. These worries are often framed in terms of how entities independent of mind and language can have truth conditions: why is the proposition that Desdemona loves Cassio true if and only if she loves him? I argue that the best understanding of these worries shows that they should be solved by our theory of truth and not our theory of content. Specifically, I propose a version of the redundancy theory according to which ‘it is true that Desdemona loves Cassio’ expresses the same proposition as ‘Desdemona loves Cassio’. Surprisingly, this variant of the redundancy theory treats ‘is true’ as an ordinary predicate of the language, thereby defusing many standard criticisms of the redundancy theory.

Motion-corrected Fourier ptychography.

Fourier ptychography (FP) is a recently proposed computational imaging technique for high space-bandwidth product imaging. In real setups such as endoscope and transmission electron microscope, the common sample motion largely degrades the FP reconstruction and limits its practicability. In this paper, we propose a novel FP reconstruction method to efficiently correct for unknown sample motion. Specifically, we adaptively update the sample's Fourier spectrum from low spatial-frequency regions towards high spatial-frequency ones, with an additional motion recovery and phase-offset compensation procedure for each sub-spectrum. Benefiting from the phase retrieval redundancy theory, the required large overlap between adjacent sub-spectra offers an accurate guide for successful motion recovery. Experimental results on both simulated data and real captured data show that the proposed method can correct for unknown sample motion with its standard deviation being up to 10% of the field-of-view scale. We have released our source code for non-commercial use, and it may find wide applications in related FP platforms such as endoscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

¿Exige el Realismo Científico un compromiso con la Teoría Correspondentista de la Verdad?

En este ensayo me propongo examinar una de las tesis mantenidas por Devitt sobre la naturaleza del realismo científico. En particular, examinaré la tesis de acuerdo con la cual ninguna teoría de la verdad es constitutiva al realismo, por lo que un compromiso con el realismo no nos obliga a suscribirnos a una teoría correspondendista de la verdad. Si ésta tesis fuese correcta, todos los intentos antirrealistas por rebatir las tesis del realismo científico estarían condenadas al fracaso ya que sus objeciones suponen que una de las teorías constitutivas del realismo es la teoría correspondentista de la verdad. Mi intuición es que no es posible emancipar al realismo científico de sus compromisos semánticos con una teoría de la correspondencia. Para defender este punto de vista, mostraré que es poco plausible la tesis de que un realista no tiene que suscribirse a una teoría correspondentista, porque podría adoptar, en su lugar, una teoría redundante de la verdad. Mi intuición es que si el realista se suscribiera a tal teoría, no podría mantener exitosamente ‘la dimensión de independencia’ la cual es, de acuerdo con Devitt, constitutiva del Realismo. Finalmente, señalaré dos resultados indeseables que se derivan de mantener un realismo emancipado de la semántica, entre ellos que no resulta evidente cómo puede un realista de este tipo responder al problema de la elección de teorías, y adicionalmente que no parece posible admitir que hay relaciones causales entre nuestras mentes y el mundo –tal y como Devitt lo sugiere- sin intromisiones de la semántica o sin sucumbir al antirrealismo.

参数突变自由漂浮空间机器人神经集成控制

This paper studies the free- oating space robot as a control object. In order to answer the question how control precisions are ensured after a great quality target is caught by a space robot arm, this paper brings forward a robust control method based on neural networks. Because of the in uence of such factors as measuring errors and outside disturbance, two kinds of uncertainties exist in the space robot system, namely, parameter uncertainties and the non- parameter uncertainties. The radial function neural network makes use of the study ability of itself. Parameter uncertainties are studied by the neural network, and the network weights between concealed layer and output layer are adjusted online real-time. Non-parameter uncertainties and approach errors are compensated by the robust controller, and two controllers are integrated by redundancy theory. Global asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop system based on Lyapunov theory is demonstrated in the paper. This scheme does not need a precise space robot model. Simulation results show that the controller is valid. The space robot manipulators run at the low speed condition, which provides ample study time for the neural network, so engineering application real-time quality is guaranteed because of the above reasons. The control method brought forward by this paper has potential applications in defense, aerospace and other major security fields.

The Minimalist Theory of Truth: Challenges and Concerns

AbstractMinimalism is currently the received deflationary theory of truth. On minimalism, truth is a transparent concept and a deflated property of truth bearers. In this paper, I situate minimalism within current deflationary debate about truth by contrasting it with its main alternative – the redundancy theory of truth (according to which truth is a transparent concept but not a property). I also outline three of the primary challenges facing minimalism, its formulation, explanatory adequacy and stability, and draw some lessons for the soundness of its conception of truth.

What Can Austin Tell Us about Truth?

AbstractIn recent discussions of the problem of truth, Austin's views have been largely overlooked. This is unfortunate, since many of his criticisms aimed at Strawson's redundancy theory carry over to more recent incarnations of deflationism. And unlike contemporary versions of the correspondence theory of truth, Austin's manages properly to situate truth in its conceptual neighbourhood wherein it belongs to “a whole dimension of different appraisals which have something or other to do with the relation between what we say and the facts.” A proper analysis of truth cannot be given apart from a broader study of speech acts.

An Examination of Cue Redundancy Theory in Cross-Cultural Decoding of Emotions in Music

The present study investigated the effects of structural features of music (i.e., variations in tempo, loudness, or articulation, etc.) and cultural and learning factors in the assignments of emotional meaning in music. Four participant groups, young Koreans, young Americans, older Koreans, and older Americans, rated emotional expressions of Korean folksongs with three adjective scales: happiness, sadness and anger. The results of the study are in accordance with the Cue Redundancy model of emotional perception in music, indicating that expressive music embodies both universal auditory cues that communicate the emotional meanings of music across cultures and cultural specific cues that result from cultural convention.

Can Minimalism Account for the Value of Truth?

Abstract Michael Dummett, in ‘Truth,’ mounted an objection to the redundancy theory of truth on the grounds that it neglects to account for the normative features he claimed are part of the concept of truth. Paul Horwich, in ‘The Minimalist Conception of Truth’, notes that the same objection could be leveled against minimalism. He defends minimalism against Dummett’s objection by offering a sketch of an instrumental account of the desirability of truth that is compatible with the minimalist thesis. In this paper, I will review Dummett’s objection and Horwich’s response, identifying some concerns with the account as it stands. I will modify the account to address those concerns, and so that it successfully explains the desirability of having all true beliefs in a way that is compatible with minimalism. I then mount an argument that truth is also intrinsically valuable. The question regarding the adequacy of the minimalist account of truth, then, hinges on whether the account is compatible with the fact of truth’s intrinsic value, along with the question of whether that fact entails its also being essentially valuable.