Reduction Of Permanganate Ion Research Articles

Silica Grafted Imprinted Mesoporous Polymer for the Development of SPE Coupled FAAS Method of Nickel Determination, Removal, and Spent Polymer for Reduction of Permanganate: Multivariate Optimization

AbstractA novel silica fabricated allyloxy ethanol based imprinted polymer is synthesised with surface area of 333 m2 g−1 and average pore size of 6.5 nm by an environment friendly one pot surface imprinting process. It was employed for the selective solid‐phase extraction (SPE) of trace Ni(II) in real samples prior to FAAS determination. The factor settings produced via central composite design in response surface methodology (RSM) (pH: 3.6; initial concentration; 800 mg L−1 and time; 15 minute) provide adsorption capacity of 176 mg g−1. Artificial neural network model employed on the RSM data, provided better predictability. Sips isotherm model and BSf kinetic model describes best the sorption phenomena of the homogenous binding terrain. The developed SPE‐coupled FAAS method demonstrate a detection limit of 1.62 μg L−1, quantification limit of 4.17 μg L−1, and Linear dynamic range of 20–8000 μg L−1. It was successfully applied to determine nickel in food (Spinach, Radish, Green tea infusion, Black tea infusion, Coffee, Soya milk, Chocolate Soya milk, Tobacco) and wastewater samples (>99 % removal). For five replicate determinations, the method‘s relative standard deviation was 2.3 %. The method was validated by analysing two certified reference materials, and the outcomes were well‐congruent with standard values. For the synthesised polymer Ni(II) exhibits higher distribution ratio than other competing ions (Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II)) with the imprinting factor; β values of 5.73, 4.98, 6.80, and 5.04 respectively. The reusability experiments revealed that APS@Ni‐IIP retains a strong adsorption efficacy even after 15 cycles and after its exhaustion it was employed as catalyst for reducing permanganate ions, further reducing pollution. The rigid structure of mesoporous silica contributes to its acid resilience and reusability, which can lead to a relative increase in polymer performance in absorption rate and selectivity. Apart from the novelty in the synthesis, thorough examination of the method and material selectivity (in binary, ternary and multielement system), multi fold applications of determination, removal of Ni(II) and reduction of permanganate ions, makes APS@Ni‐IIP a promising candidate for environmental remediation.

Oxidation and TD-DFT of Toxic Acriflavine Hydrochloride Dye by Potassium Permanganate in Neutral Media: Kinetics and Removal of Dyes from Wastewater

Fabrication of dye thin films is accomplished through physical vapor deposition with a thickness of 150 ± 5 nm. Kinetically, the reduction of permanganate ion as a multi-equivalent oxidant by acriflavine hydrochloride (ACFH) in a neutral medium has been studied spectrophotometrically. In the presence of a pseudo-first-order reaction, the experimental results suggest fractional first-order kinetics in [ACFH] and a first-order dependency in [MnO4-]. The spectroscopic identification of intermediate species involving complexes of Mn (V) coordination has been examined along with a unique nitro-derivative-ACF (NDACF) synthesis. Based on the estimated activation values, which are in great agreement with the kinetic data obtained, oxidation reaction mechanism was postulated and described. The data exactly determine that ΔEgOpt the amount decreases from 1.566 eV for [ACFH]TF to 1.36 eV for [NDACF]TF for isolated molecules in the gaseous state utilizing TD-DFT model, HOMO and LUMO calculation. The improvements in kinetical and optical properties were achieved, and it is promising to use [NDACF]TF as solar cell application.

On the chemistry of Beckurt’s test for physostigmine: A novel hydride transfer

Beckurt treated physostigmine hydrochloride with dilute potassium permanganate solution and observed separation of manganese dioxide. Since at first sight there is no reaction site for this oxidation, it was interesting to clear up the reaction route of this test. Acid hydrolysis of this O-phenylcarbamate yielded the phenolic derivative of the three-ring indole alkaloid hydrochloride. Now are present at para-position an electrodotic group and a positive charged nitrogen atom. However, this nitrogen has an octet of electrons; thus, for reaction to occur a hydride ion must be displaced. This can happen in the presence of a hydride acceptor, that is, by reduction of permanganate ion. This chemical deportment has been postulated recently in a completely different reaction sequence. So, our proposal is a novel one. The mechanism of the following inorganic steps to the final product has not been advanced, and it is provided in this communication.

Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition of 316L Stainless Steel by Permanganate Ions in Chloride Solution

The efficiency of permanganates to inhibit the scale deposit captured the attention for more investigation on their role as corrosion inhibitor. In this article, the effect of permanganate as corrosion inhibitor on 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution is investigated. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been performed by varying the electrode stirring speed, the concentration of permanganate ions, pH and the temperature. The results show that the permanganate ions increase the cathodic and anodic currents under effect of stirring speed, due to oxygen reduction reaction and the reduction of permanganate ions. Electrochemical results indicate that the deposit of manganese oxide (MnO2) inhibits the pitting corrosion. The inhibition efficiency is up to 98 % for 10−4 mol.dm−3 of permanganate. The temperature reduces the effectiveness of permanganates against pitting corrosion, the pitting potential shifts cathodically from +0.395 V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) at 298 K to +0.275 V vs. SCE at 343 K. Surface morphology of the deposit oxide films and electrode are studied by emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The analysis of the deposit layer by X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of δ-MnO2 form, with a crystallite size of 3.17 nm. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Kinetic-photometric monitoring of the formation of MnO2 nanoparticles and their application to the determination of iodide

We describe a method for kinetic-spectrophotometric monitoring of the formation of MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) by reduction of permanganate ion. Iodide was selected as a model analyte. The NPs were characterized by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen physisorption surface area analysis. The change in absorbance at 415 nm over time serves as the analytical signal, and experimental variables that affect the slope have been studied. The slope is linearly related to iodide concentrations in the range from 0.2 to 3 μg⋅mL‾1, and the limits of detection and quantification are 0.05 and 0.17 μg⋅mL‾1, respectively. The intraday and interday precision (given as relative standard deviations for n = 5) are 1.4 and 3 %, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of iodide in a pharmaceutical product. In our perception, this is the first model where the monitoring of the early stages of the formation of NPs has been exploited as analytical signal.

Cathode Properties of Nanocrystalline Manganese Oxide Synthesized Through Soft Solution Processing.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Cathode Properties of Nanocrystalline Manganese Oxide Synthesized Through Soft Solution Processing

Nanosized manganese oxide materials with zinc were prepared through a soft solution processing and the cathode properties for lithium batteries were investigated. The materials were prepared through a precipitation process by reduction of permanganate ions in an ethanol solution with controlled pH. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the materials were nanosized crystallites with diameter less than 3.4 nm and that the crystal structures of the compound varied from phase to birnessite-like phase as pH increased. The Zn concentration in the nanocrystalline compound was controlled by the molar ratio in the preparation solution. The zinc addition to the manganese oxide material improved the electrochemical properties. The cathode materials synthesized with optimized Zn concentration and pH showed a specific capacity of with a good cyclability between 1.5 and 3.9 V vs .

凍結時に促進されるシアン化水素による過マンガン酸イオンの還元反応

Reduction of permanganate ion (MnO4-) by hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in aqueous solution was remarkably enhanced under the freezing process, in which permanganate ion was reduced to manganese dioxide (MnO2). As compared with the several freezing speed, the rate of the redox reaction was enhanced with increasing the freezing speed. The redox reaction was found to be strongly dependent on the solution pH and the concentration of cyanide ion added.

Design of Transition-Metal Oscillators Based on the Reduction of Permanganate Ions by Keto Dicarboxylic Acids

Permanganate chemical oscillators with some keto dicarboxylic acids in the presence of phosphoric acid in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) are described in terms of the phase diagrams in the [ketomalonic acid]o-ko, [oxalacetic acid]o-ko, and [α-ketoglutaric acid]o-ko planes, and in the [H3PO4]o-ko , [MnO4-]o-ko , temperature-ko planes. The results show that an optimum degree of stabilization of the Mn(IV) colloid, which may serve as a reservoir of solvated Mn(IV) ions participating in the elementary reaction steps, is a prerequisite for the oscillations in the MnO4--keto dicarboxylic acid system. A skeleton mechanism for permanganate oscillators with keto dicarboxylic acids involving five reaction steps is proposed.

Identification of the product from the reduction of permanganate ion by trimethylamine in aqueous phosphate buffers

The product obtained from the reduction of potassium permanganate by trimethylamine in aqueous phosphate buffers has been identified as a soluble form of colloidal manganese dioxide which is stabilized in solution by adsorption of phosphate ions on its surface. The dependence of the rate of flocculation on several experimental variables has been studied. Phosphate ions have been found to increase the solubility of the colloid by increasing the apparent energy of activation of the flocculation process. This could explain the well-known capacity of those ions for retarding the precipitation of manganese dioxide.

Oxidation-reduction transformations of acceptors in organic solvents induced by ionizing radiation: Reduction of permanganate ions in acetone solutions

Oxidation-reduction transformations of acceptors in organic solvents induced by ionizing radiation: Reduction of permanganate ions in acetone solutions