Reduction Of Negative Consequences Research Articles

Conceptual provisions of management percentage risk in international practice

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic world banking system is being severely tested. The last time such shocks occurred during the global fi nancial crisis of 2008–2009. However, the crisis of the global banking system in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is very diff erent from the global fi nancial crisis of 2008–2009. During the previous global fi nancial crisis, central banks around the world were able to cut key rates to stimulate the aff ected economy, while the current crisis is taking place in conditions of extremely low and even negative key rates. Consequently, the central banks of the economically developed countries of the world lack one of the most eff ective tools to stimulate the economy in the face of a global crisis. Since the maximum income of commercial banks is generated by the operation of high key rates, the downward trend in recent years is a serious risk to the business of commercial banks. The article analyses the dynamics of key rates in the economically developed countries of the world in comparison with China and the Russian Federation, based on the results of this document, the main trends and patterns were identified, the most dangerous risks for commercial banks are shown. Besides the article discusses the modern conceptual provisions of interest rate risk management in commercial banks of the Russian Federation. They form the basis for the development of constructive methods for assessing commercial risk and the formation of managerial decisions that ensure its prevention or reduction of negative consequences in the event of the implementation of risk events that determine it.

Aluminium Toxicity to Plants as Influenced by the Properties of the Root Growth Environment Affected by Other Co-Stressors: A Review.

Aluminium toxicity to crops depends on the acidity of the soil and specific plant resistance. However, it is also strongly affected by other environmental factors that have to be considered to properly evaluate the resultant effects on plants. Observed weather perturbations and predicted climate changes will increase the probability of co-occurrence of aluminium toxicity and other abiotic stresses.In this review the mechanisms of plant-aluminium interactions are shown to be influenced by soil mineral nutrients, heavy metals, organic matter, oxidative stress and drought. Described effects of aluminium toxicity include: root growth inhibition, reduction in the uptake of mineral nutrients resulting from the inhibition of transport processes through ion channels; epigenetic changes to DNA resulting in gene silencing. Complex processes occurring in the rhizosphere are highlighted, including the role of soil organic matter and aluminium detoxification by mucilage.There is a considerable research gap in the understanding of root growth in the soil environment in the presence of toxic aluminium concentrations as affected by interactions with abiotic stressors. This knowledge is important for the selection of feasible methods aimed at the reduction of negative consequences of crop production in acidic soils affected by adverse growth environment.

Economic justification of investment in defense against torrential floods on the example of the Ljubovidja river

Torrential floods have caused great material and economic damage in Serbia, in the past and even more frequently nowadays. Definitely, the reduction of negative consequences can be achieved by taking preventive measures which include integral basin arrangement. The economic justification of investment in the protection against torrential floods includes a specific approach, especially when it comes to technical facilities in this area. On the basis of the example of flood control on a part of the river Ljubovidja, variants of protection were selected on the basis of economic criteria. On the basis of the techniques of avoided damage, evaluation of the economic effects of provided embankments for flood control was done using dynamic methods: the cost-benefit relationship and net present value. It was concluded that the second option is more economical, even though it does not protect the whole area from floods, because a part of that role would be taken over by the intended dam in the upper flow of this river.

Modular nanotransporters: A multitarget platform for anticancer drug delivery

The treatment of oncological diseases needs, on the one hand, improved efficiency and, on the other, reduction in negative consequences caused to patient health. Both objectives can be met by improving target treatment, when not the entire organism and even not a whole tumorous organ is affected but only tumorous cells, and, moreover, those zones in them that are most sensitive to harmful effects. The major problem here is the development of a medicinal agent delivery procedure, the complexity of which involves not only the target’s small dimensions but also the necessity to penetrate into the cell. The article below, based on a paper delivered at a RAS Presidium meeting, describes the design of artificial organic molecules capable of such transportation.

1469 – Integrative narcology: new strategy for the improvement of therapeutic programs

Recently, due to social, ecological and endoecological factors, pathomorphism in narcological pathological conditions has determined formation of a new scientific and applied concept - integrative narcology. Item phasized new strategies in improvement of addictology medical programs based on international experience extrapolation. Principal tasks of integrative narcology centres include reduction of negative consequences resulted from psychoactive substances long-term intake, lowering the risk of chronic comorbidity, decreasing the harm caused by narcotization and polypragmasy at uncoordinated isolated services. Integrative narcology aims at a complex expert approach to treatment of combined postintoxication somatoneurological disorders in one drug- and alcohol-addict. Integrative medicine main concept is bound together by the evidence-based medicine methods, emergency urgent and intensive therapy aids with drug-free, medication and rehabilitation-restorative programs. Statement of the mentioned problems is extremely important for the health of a patient and society in general. The first pilot trial in Ukraine of the patterns for integrated complex therapeutic aid were based on the cohorts of the HIV- infected opioid addicts, patients with comorbidity (tuberculosis, chroniosepsis, hepatites, cardiomyopathy, epilepsy, depression). Activity of the centres includes methods with detoxication, anticraving, immunomodulation therapeutic effects connecting with different medical subjects: nanotechnological modifications of membrane plasmapheresis, laser therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, ozone therapeutics, acupuncture, psychotherapy, transcranial electrostimulation methods, sorption detoxication, craniocerebralhypothermy, extremal cryopuncture, general ultralow dosage hypothermy, etc. Conclusion Joined efforts of experts within integrative narcology built on new concepts ensure more effective humanization of therapeutic approaches,“doctor - patient” positive compliance and improve life quality of the respondents.

Sexual health: the emergence, development, and diversity of a concept.

The concept of sexual health, which was developed at a 1975 conference of the World Health Organization (WHO), is currently being used to set up nationally based public health programs in various countries. I outline the history of sexuality as a public health issue since the 19th century, analyze the history of the concept of sexual health since its emergence in 1975, and make a comparative analysis of the contemporary documents dealing with sexual health generated in the U.S. and England, and by organizations such as the WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The analysis of these documents gives evidence that there is no international consensus on the concept of sexual health and its implementation in public health policies. The conceptions of sexual health remain embedded in national and political contexts. Conceptions for sexual health appear to be the result of political compromises and take place in the public health culture and practice of each country. Depending on the context, these different initiatives focus either on individual responsibility or on an appropriate sexual health services organization, and sexual health may be conceived as an ideal state of well-being or as the reduction of negative consequences of sexual activity.

Problems and perspectives of development of national food products markets

The notice in the article is taken of basic processes influencing introduction of problem innovations in the food sphere. Main consequences of problem innovations introduction on the quality of food production and on the internal consumption of population are determined as well as measures for reduction of negative consequences in this area are proposed by the author.

RYNEK VERSUS PAŃSTWO W ŚWIETLE DYSKUSJI O PATH DEPENDENCE

In the 1980s Brian Arthur and Paul David proposed methods which made possible to grasp the phenomenon of path dependency on the ground of economic theory. Their proposal opened still ongoing discussion on that phenomenon as well as on the concepts presented by mentioned scholars. One of the most interesting and frequently commented questions is the problem of the consequences of path dependency for the market. Arthur and David led the attention of economists on the marginalized or even unrealized possibility of dissemination of worse, less effective solutions (technologies) in free market economy. The classical example of such a situation is common use of the QWERTY keyboard. The existence of such cases was seen as a failure of the market, so that concept made a challenge for the economists and the politicians being supporters of market economy. An initial aim of the article is to specify when path dependency leads to undermining the efficiency of the market. An analysis and assessment of the arguments used by the participants of the discussion about Arthur’s and David’s idea seems to be the natural point of departure. The possibility of lowering the effectiveness of the market allocation mechanism leads towards consideration of reduction of negative consequences of path dependency by government. In such cases the role of the state seems limited, firstly because of the nature of the phenomenon (difficulties with prediction of far-reaching effects of certain solution), and secondly because of the high costs of the system created for monitoring of technological development.